Sie sind auf Seite 1von 30

-~.

I--­
Appendix:
TABLE OF INTEGRALS

148. In the following table, the constant of integration, C, is omitted but


should be added to the result of every integration. The letter x represents
any variable; u represents any function of x; the remaining letters represent
arbitrary constants, unless otherwise indicated; all angles are in radians.
Unless otherwise mentioned, loge u = log u.

Expressions Containing ax + b
1. I(ax+ b)ndx= 1 (ax+ b)n+l, n=l=-1.
a(n + 1)

2. I dx
ax+ b
1
= -loge<ax + b).
a

3

I dx
(ax+b)2
=_ 1
a(ax+b)·

4

I (ax
dx
+ b)3
=_ 1
2a(ax + b)2·

5. Ix(ax + b)n dx = 1 (ax + b)n+2


a 2 (n + 2)
b
---,,---(ax + b)n+l n =1= -1, -2.
a (n + 1)
2 ,

xdx x b
6.
I ax+ b
= - - -2 log(ax + b).
a a

7 I xdx = b 1 I ( b)
• (ax + b)2 a 2(ax + b) + -;}i og ax + .

369
370 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

8 I xdx = b _ 1
• (ax + b)3 2a 2(ax + b)2 a 2(ax + b) .
1 (ax+ b)n+3 (ax+ b)n+2
9. x 2(ax + b)n dx = - - 2b--'------'--
I a 2
n+3 n+2
b2 (ax + b) n+ 1 )
+ , ni=-I,-2,-3.
n+l
2
10. I x dx = ~ (.!..(ax + b)2 - 2b(ax + b) + b2 10g(ax + b)).
ax+ b a 2
2 2
11. I x dx 2 =~(ax+ b) - 2blog(ax+ b) _ b ).
(ax + b) a ax + b
2 2
12 I x dx = _1
• (ax + b) 3 a3 g
(10
(ax + b) + 2b _
ax + b
b )
2 (ax + b) 2 .

13. I xm(ax + b)n dx

= 1 (xm(ax+ b)n+l - mbIxm-1(ax+ b)n dx)


a(m + n + 1)
= 1 (xm+1(ax+ b)n+ nbfxm(ax+ b)n-l dX),
m+n+l
m> 0, m + n + 1 i= O.

14 I dx
• x( ax + b)
=.!..1 ( x )
b og ax + b .

15 I dx = _l- + ...E..2 10 (ax + b)


• x 2(ax + b) bx b g x .
2
16 I dx = 2ax - b ~1 ( x )
• x 3(ax + b) 2b 2x 2 + b3 og ax + b .
17 I dx = 1 _ -..!..- 1 ( ax + b)
• x(ax + b)2 b(ax + b) b 2 og x .

18 I dx = l-[.!..( ax + 2b)2 + 10 ( x )]
• x(ax + b)3 b3 2 ax + b g ax + b .

19 I dx = _ b + 2 ax 2a 1 (ax + b)
• x 2(ax + b)2 b2x(ax + b) + b3 og x .

20. Iv' ax + b dx = ~v' (ax + b)3.


3a
~ ;--;--; 2(3ax - 2b)
21. xvax+bdx= 2 Y(ax+b)3.
I 15a
2(l5a2x2 - 12abx + 8b 2)v' (ax + b)3
22. x 2v' ax + b dx = ---'----------=----'--"'----'----
I 105a3
2(35a3x3 - 30a 2bx 2 + 24ab 2x - 16b 3)v' (ax
+ b)3
23. x 3v' ax + b dx = --'---------------'------'----'--
I 4 315a
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 371

24. J xmJax + bdx= a~1 Ju 2(u 2 - b)ndu, u= Yax+ b.

J dx
25. J ~ dx= 2~
Xax+ b+ b xYax+ b'

26. J dx = 2~.
Yax+ b a

27. J xdx = 2(ax- 2b) Yax+ b.


Vax + b 3a2
x2 dx _ 2(3a 2x 2 - 4abx + 8b 2)
28. J Yax + b - 15a3 Yax + b.
x3 dx _ 2(5a3x 3 - 6a 2bx 2 + 8ab 2x - 16b 3)
29. J Yax + b - 35a4 Yax + b.
xn
30. Jy dx =
ax + b an
:1 J(u2 - b)n du, u = Vax + b.

1 (~-Vb)
31. JxYaxdx + b = Vb log Yax + b + Vb for b> O.

32 J dx - 2 -1 J ax + b b< 0
• xYax+b-\7=btan -b'

_ -2 h- 1Jax+ b
-\7btan -b ' b>O.

33 J dx = Yax + b - -.!!:.-J dx
· x 2Yax +b bx 2b xYax + b'

34 J dx = _ Yax + b + 3a~ + 3a 2 J dx
• x3Yax + b 2bx 2 4b 2x 8b 2 xYax + b'
35. J dx = 1 J (u - a)m+n-2 du ax+ b
u=
xn(ax+ b)m bm+n- 1 um ' x

36. J(ax + b)~n/2 dx = 2(ax + b)(2~n)/2.


a(2 ± n)
2 (ax+ b)(4~n)/2 b(ax+ b)(2.~n)/2)
37. x(ax + b)~n/2 dx = - - .
J a2 4± n 2± n

38. J dx = l..J dx - !!:. J dx .


x(ax + b)n/2 b x(ax + b)(n-2)/2 b (ax + b)n/2

39 J xmdx = 2xmy ax + b _ 2mb J xm- 1 dx


• Yax+ b (2m+ l)a (2m+ l)a Yax+ b'
40. J dx = -Vax + b _ (2n - 3)a J dx .
xnYax + b (n - 1)bxn- 1 (2n - 2)b xn- 1V ax + b

41. J (ax +x b)n/2 dx = a J (ax + b) (n-2)/2 dx + b J (ax + b~(n-2)/2 dx.


372 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

42. J dx
(ax + b)(ex + d)
= 1 10 (eX + d)
be - ad g ax + b '
be - ad * O.
43
·
J(ax + b)2(ex
dx
+ d)
= 1
be - ad ax + b
[ 1 + e 10 (ex + d)]
be - ad g ax + b '
be - ad * o.
44. J(ax+ b)n(ex+ d)mdx= 1 [(ax+ b)n+l(ex+ d)m
(m+ n+ 1)a

- m(be - ad) J(ax + b)n(ex + d)m-I dxJ

45. J(ax+ b)n(ex+


dx
d)m
=
(m-1)(be- ad)
1 ( 1
(ax+ b)n-I(ex+ d)m-I

- a(m+ n- 2) J (ax+ b)n~:x+ d)m-I). m> 1, n> 0, be- ad* O.

46. J (ax + b)n dx


(ex + d)m
1 ((ax+ b)n+1 J (ax+ b)ndX )
= - + (m - n - 2) a
(m - 1) (be - ad) (ex + d) m- 1 (ex + d) m- 1

= 1 ((ax+ b)n + n(be- ad) J (ax+ b)n-l dX).


(m - n - l)e (ex + d)m-l (ex + d)m

47. J
(ax
x dx
+ b)( ex + d)
= 1
be - ad a
(!
In lax +~

- ~ log(ex+ d»). be - ad * o.
48 J xdx 1 ( b
· (ax+ b)2(ex+ d) = be- ad - a(ax+ b)

_ be -dad 10g (exax ++ d))


b '
be - ad * o.
ex+d 2 ~~
49. J Yax + b dx = 3a 2 (3ad - 2be + aex) V ax + b.

50.J~dx=2~
+
J
ex d e

- -2 J ad - be tan - I e( ax + b)
e> 0, ad> be.
e e ad - be '

51.J~dx=2~
ex + d e
+! Jbe- ad 10 (Ye(ax+ b) - Ybe- ad) e> 0, be> ad.
e e g Y e( ax + b) + Y be - ad '
52 J
• (ex
dx
+ d)Yax + b -
-
VcYad - be tan
2 -I J e(ax + b)
ad - be '
e> 0, ad> be.
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 373

53

f dx
(ex+d)Yax+b
=
V"cY be -
1
ad
10
g
(YY e(ax
e( ax
+ b) - Ybe -
+ b) + Y be -
ad)
ad '
e> 0, be> ad.

Expressions Containing ax2 + c, axn + c, x 2 ± p2,


and p2 - x 2

54. f + p2
dx 1 x
x 2 = p tan -1 p or - ~ etn- 1( ; }
55 f dx = _1 1 (~) or ~ tanh- 1( ; }
• p2 _ x2 2p og P- x '

56. f :x = ~v~ae tan- 1


(x ~), a and e> O.
+ ax e -V -;;
57 f dx = 1 1 ( x~ - ~) n> 0, e< 0
• + ax 2 e 2Y- ae og x~ + ~ ,

= 1 1og (V"c+ x~) a < 0, e> O.


2Y-ae V"c- x~ ,

58. f dx
(ax 2 + e)n
= 1 x
2(n - 1)e (ax 2 + e)n-1
2n - 3
+ 2(n - 1)e
f dx
(ax 2 + e)n-1'
n a positive integer.

1 (ax 2 + e)n+1
59.
f x( ax 2 + e) n dx = -2
a n + 1
, n =F -1.

60. f x2
1
x
dx = -log(ax 2
+ e).
+ a e 2a

61 f + 1.. og +

dx
x(ax 2 e)
=
2e
1 ( ax
ax 2
2
)
e .

62 f _1.. - !: f
dx = dx
• +x 2(ax 2 e) ex e ax 2 + e'

63 f = ~ - !- f
2
x dx dx
• + ax 2 e + a a ax 2 e'

64
f + = xn dx
--
f x n- 1 e x n- 2 dx
n =F 1.
• ax 2 e a( n - 1) a ax 2 + e '

65 f
2
x dx = 1 x
• + (ax 2 e)n 2(n - 1)a (ax 2 + e)n-1

+ 2(n - 1)a
1 f dx
(ax 2 + e)n-1 .
374 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

66. I dx = 1- I dx - !!:... I dx .
x 2(ax 2 + c)n C x 2(ax 2 + c)n-l c (ax 2 + c)n

67. IVx 2 ±p2 dx= ~[XVX2±P2±p2Iog(x+Vx2±P2)].

68. IVp2- x 2 dx= ~[XVp2_X2+p2sin-l(;)l


69 ·
IV X2dx± p2 -- og X + X - P .
I ( y' 2 + 2)

70. I Vp:~ Sin-1C~) or - cos- 1(;}


X2 =

71. IVax 2 + cdx= ;Vax 2 + c


+ ~cr log(x~ + Vax 2 + c), a> O.
2va
a
72. IVax 2 + cdx= ;Vax2 + c+ 2J-a Sin- 1(xJ-c ). a< O.

73. I Va~ + c = ~ log(x~+ Vax 2 + c), a> O.

74. I Va~ + c = ~ sin- 1(xJ-ca ). a< O.

75. IxVax 2 + c dx = _I_(ax 2 + c) 3/2.


3a

76. Ix 2Vax 2 + c dx = ~V (aX2 + c)3 - E.-Vax 2 + c


4a 8a
c2
- ~Iog(x~+ y;;;2 + c), a> O.

77. Ix 2Vax 2 + c dx = ~V (ax 2 + c)3 - E.-Vax 2 + c


4a 8a
- c
8aV-a
2
sin- 1( X pa)
-
c '
a< O.

xdx - IV 2
78. I Vax 2 + c - -;; ax + c.
x2 dx x 1I
79. = - y' ax 2 + c - - y' ax 2 + c dx.
I Vax 2 + c a a
2
80 • Vax + c d x = y' ax 2 + c + ~vrc I og ( VaX2 + c - ~) , c>O.
I x x

Vax 2 + c d _ y' X2 ~~ -1 VaX2 + c


8 1· x- a +c- v-ctan ~~, c< O.
I x v-c
2
dx __ 1- (p + V p2 ± x )
82. I xV p2 ± x2 - P log x .
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 375

xndx xn- 1Yax 2 +c (n-1)cf xn- 2 dx


87 f = - --'-------"-- n> O.
. Yax 2 +c na na Yax 2 +c'
n 1 2
88. fxnYax2 + c dx = x - (ax + c) 3/2
(n + 2) a
_ (n - l)c fxn-2Yax2 + c dx n> O.
(n + 2)a '

89. fYax 2 +
Xn
2
c dx = _ (ax + c) 3/2
c(n - 1)xn - 1
~~-
(n-4)afYax2+c
dx, n> 1.
(n - 1) c xn - 2
dx Yax 2 + c
90. f xnYax2 +c = - c(n - 1)xn- 1

(n - 2) a f n 2 dx 2 n> 1.
(n-1) c x - Yax + c'

91. f(ax 2 + c)3/2 dx = ~ (2ax 2 + 5c)Yax2 + c


3c2
+ 8~ log(x~ + Yax 2 + c), a> O.

a<O.

xn+l(ax2 + c)3/2 3c f .
96. f x n(ax 2 + c) 3/2 dx = + - - x nYax 2 + c dx.
n+4 n+4
376 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

xdx 1
97. f
(ax 2 + e)3/2 -

f (ax 2 + e)3/2
X2 dx x
98.
aYax 2 + e
1
+ ~ / log(x~+ Yax 2 + e), a>O.
ava
2 x
99 f x dx
• (ax 2 + e)3/2 aYax 2 + e

+ a~ Sin- 1( XJ -ea } a<O.

x3 dx x2 2
100 f = - + -Yax 2 + e
• (ax 2 + e)3/2 aYax 2 + e 2 a .
n
101. f dx = l..-IOg( x ).
x(axn + e) en axn + e
n
102. f dx dx -
= ! f !!:.. f x dx .
(ax n + e)m
e (ax n + e)m-l e n
(ax + e)m

103 f dx
• xYax n + e
= _1_ 1
n~ og Yaxn+
n
ax + (Y e-
e+ ~'
~) 0
e>.

104 ·
f / dx
~ -- ~ 2r-- sec -I
xv axn + e n v -e
J- e
n
ax , e < 0 .

105. f xm- I (axn + e)P dx

= 1 [xm(axn + e)P + npefxm-I(axn + e)P-1 dx]


m+ np

= 1 [-xm(axn + e)p+1 + (nt + np + n) fxm-I(ax n + e)p+l dx].


en(p + 1)

1 [xm-n(axn + e)P'+1 - (m - n)efxm-n-I(axn + e)P dx].


a(m + np)
= _1_[x m(axn + e)p+1 - (m + np + n) fxm+n-1(ax n + e)P dx].
me

Expressions Containing ax2 + bx + C


2
108 f dx = 1 1 (2ax+b-Yb -4ae)
. ax 2 + bx + e Yb 2 - 4ae og 2ax + b + Yb - 4ae '
2
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 377

109 f·
dx -
ax 2 + bx + e - V 4ae -
2 t
b 2 an
-1 2ax + b
V 4ae - b2 '
b2 < 4aeo

110. f dx = _ 2 , b 2 = 4aeo
ax 2 + bx + e 2 ax + b
111 f dx = 2ax + b
· (ax 2 + bx + e)n+l n(4ae - b 2)(ax 2 + bx + e)n
2(2n - l)a f dx
+ n(4ae - b 2) (ax 2 + bx + e)n°

112.
f + + xdx 1
= -log(ax 2 + bx + e) - -
b f dx
ax 2 ax 2 + bx +
0

bx e 2a 2a e

f + +
x2 dx x b 2 + bx + e)
113. --=----- = - - -log(ax
ax 2 bx e a 2a 2

+
b2 - 2 ae
2 a2
f ax 2
dx
+bx + eO

114. f xndx
ax 2 + bx + e =
x n- 1 e
(n - 1) a - -;
f x n- 2 dx b
ax 2 + bx + e - -;
f x n- 1 dx
ax + bx + eO
2

115
·
f xdx
(ax + bx + e)n+l
2
= -(2c + bx)
n(4 ae - b 2) (ax 2 + bx + e)n
b(2n - 1) f dx
n(4 ae - b 2) (ax + bx
2 + e)n°
x m-
f
xm dx 1
116 = ------------
· (ax + bx + e)n+l
2 a(2n - m + 1) (ax 2 + bx + e)n
n- m+ 1 b f 2
xm - 1 dx
2n- m+ 1 a (ax + bx+ e)n+l

+ m- 1 e f m
x - 2 dx
2n - m + 1 a (ax 2 + bx + e)n+l

117. f dx
x(ax 2 + bx + e)
= ~ 10
2e
( x
g ax 2 + bx + e
2
) - ~
2e
f dx
(ax 2 + bx + e) 0

118
·
f dx
x 2 (ax 2 + bx + e) 2e 2 g x2
2
= _b_ 10 (ax + bx + e) _ ~
ex

b2
+ ( 2e 2 -
a) f (ax 2 +dxbx + e)
~ 0

119. f x m(ax 2 +
dx
bx + e)n+l
= _ 1
(m - l)ex m - 1 (ax 2 + bx + e)n

(n + m - 1) b
m- 1 e
f dx
x m- 1 (ax 2 + bx + e)n+l

(2n + m- 1) af dx
m- 1 e x m- 2(ax 2 + bx + e)n+l .
378 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

120. I dx
x(ax 2 + bx + c)n
= 1
2c(n - 1) (ax 2 + bx + c)n-l

bI dx
- 2c (ax 2 + bx + c)n + -;
II dx
x(ax 2 + bx + c)n-l .

121. I 2 dx = ~ ~ log(2ax + b + 2~Y ax 2 + bx + C), a>O.


ax + bx + c va
122 I dx - _1_ . -1 -2ax - b 0
• Yax 2 + bx + c - ~ sm Y b2 _ 4ac' a< .
2
123 I x dx = Yax + bx + c - ~ I dx
• Yax 2 + bx + c a 2a Yax 2 + bx + c·
xn dx x n- 1
124. I Y 2 = - - Yax 2 + bx +c
ax + bx + c an
_ b(2n - 1) I xn- 1 dx _ c(n - 1) I xn- 2 dx
2 an Yax 2 + bx + c an Yax 2 + bx + c·
2ax + b
125. Yax 2 + bx + c dx = Yax 2 + bx + c
I 4a
4ac - b2 I dx
+ Sa Yax 2 + bx + c·
(ax 2 + bx + c) 3/2 b I
126. xYax 2 + bx+ cdx= - - Yax 2 + bx+ cdx.
I 3a 2a

127. Ix 2Yax 2 + bx + c dx = (x _
2
(ax + bx + c)3/2 • !!!!..)
6a 4a
2
(5b - 4ac) I '
+ 2 Yax 2 + bx + c dx.
I6a

128.
dx -
-
I xYax 2 + bx + e v e
-
1 1
~ r og
ax 2 + bx + c + ~
x
(Y
+ 2~). c> O.
129 I dx - 1 . -I bx + 2 c 0
• xYax 2 + bx+ c - ~ sm xYb2 _ 4ac' c<.

130

I dx -
xYax2 + bx -
-~Y 2
bx ax +
b
x, c= O.

2
131. I ,dx = _ Yax + bx + c
x nYax 2 + bx + c c(n - l)xn- I
+ b(3 - 2n) I dx + a(2 - n) I dx
2c(n - 1) xn- 1Yax2 + bx + c c(n - 1) xn- 2Yax2 + bx + c·

132 I dx = - 2(2ax + b) b2 =1= 4ac.


• (ax 2 + bx + c)3/2 (b 2 - 4ac)Yax2 + bx + c'
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 379

133
·
I dx
(ax 2 + bx + e)3/2
I
b2 = 4ae.

Miscellaneous Algebraic Expression

134. IV2px- x 2 dx= ~[(x- P)V2px- x 2 + p2 sin -I(X; P)J.


135. Iv dx
2px - x
2= cos-I(~).
P

136 I
· V ax +
dx
b Vex + d
=

2 -IJ-e(aX + b) 2 h-IJ e(ax + b)


~ ,r-- tan or ~ r- tan
v - ae a( ex + d) v ae a( ex + d) .

137. IVax+ bVex+ ddx= (2aex+ be+ ad)~~


4ac
(ad - be)2 I dx
+ 8ae Vax + bVex+ d'
138. I)ex+ d dx= Vax + b~ + (ad- be) I dx .
ax + b a 2a Vax + b Vex + d
139. I) x + b dx = v;+d -v;+b + (b - d) log(v;+d + -v;+b).
x+ d

140. I)I + x dx = sin-Ix - VI - x 2.


I - x

141. I)p - x dx = vp=-;e ~ + (P + q) sin-I) x + q.


q+x p+q

142. I)P+ x dx=


q-x
-v;;+;:~+ (P+ q) sin-I)q- x.
p+q

143. IV x-p
d~
q-x
= 2 sin -1) q-pp.
x-

Expressions Containing sin ax

144. Isin u du = -cos u, where u is any function of x.

145. I sin ax dx = - ~ cos ax.


· 2 d x sin 2ax
146· SIn ax x = - - .
I 2 4a
380 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

147. ISin 3 ax dx = _l cos ax + -.!..- cos 3 ax.


a 3a
. 4 d 3x 3 sin 2ax sin 3 axcos ax
148. SIll ax x = - - - .
I 8 16a 4a

149. Isinnax dx =
sinn-laxcos ax
- ----- + - n --1 I'
Sill
n-2
ax dx (n pos. integer).
na n

150.
I - .dx
SIll
- - = -1 log( tan -ax) = -logeesc
ax a
1
2
ax - ctn ax).
a

151.
I . dx
Sill
2
ax
= Icsc ax dx
2 1 ctn ax.
= --
a

152.
Isinnax
dx
- - -1- - -cos
--
a(n - 1) sinn-lax
n --
ax- + - 2 I
n- 1
dx
sin n- 2 ax'
n integer> 1.

153.

154.

155.

157. II + sin x dx = ~2( sin ; - cos ;} use + sign when

(8k - 1); < x$ (8k + 3) ;, otherwise -, k an integer.

158. IVI - sin xdx= ~2(sin; + cos ;); use + sign when

(8k - 3) 7T < x $ (8k + 1) 7T, otherwise -, k an integer.


2 2

Expressions Involving cos ax

159. I cos u du = sin u, where u is any function of x.

160. I cos ax dx = : sin ax.

x sin 2ax
161.
I
cos 2 ax dx = - + .
2 4a
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 381

162. fcos 3 ax dx = .l sin ax - _1_ sin 3 ax.


a 3a
4 d 3x 3 sin 2ax cos 3 axsin ax
163. f cos ax x = - + + .
8 16a 4a
f
f
cosn-laxsin ax n- 1
164. cosnax dx = +-- cosn- 2 ax dx (n pos. integer).
na n

165. f _d_x_ = .llOg(tan(_a_x + 7T)) = .llog(tan ax + sec ax).


cos ax a 2 4 a

166. fcosd:
ax
= .l tan ax.
a
dx 1 sin ax n - 2 f dx
167. f n - --- --- +- - n integer> 1.
cos ax a(n - 1) cosn-1ax n - 1 cosn- 2 ax'
dx 1 ax
168. f 1 + cos ax = -;;, tan 2'
dx 1 ax
169. f 1 _ cos ax = --;;, ctn 2'

170. f VI + cos x dx = ±v2 f cos ; dx = ±2v2 sin ;; use + when


(4k - 1) 7T < x::5 (4k + 1) 7T, otherwise -, k an integer.

171. f VI - cos x dx = ±v2 f sin ; dx = =+=2v2 cos ;; use top signs


when 4k7T < x::5 (4k + 2) 7T, otherwise bottom signs.

172. f dx - 1 tan- 1 ( V b2 - 2
c sin ax )
b + c cos ax aY b2 - c2 c + b cos ax '

173. f
dx
- Y 2
1
tanh- 1
( Y c2 - 2
b sin ax )
,
b + c cos ax a c - b2 c+ b cos ax
sin (a - b) x sin (a + b) x
174. f cos ax cos bx dx = 2(a _ b) + 2(a + b) ,

Expressions Containing sin ax and cos ax


. 1 (cos(a - b)x
175. f sm ax cos bx dx = - - + cos(a + b)X)
2 a-b a +b '

176. fsin nax cos ax dx = 1 sin n+ 1 ax n=l=-1.


a(n + 1) ,

1
177. f cosnax sin ax dx = - - - - cos n+ 1 ax,
a(n+ 1)
382 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

sin ax 1
178.
Jcos ax
dx = --log(cos ax).
a
cos ax 1 .
179. . dx = -log(sm ax).
J sm ax a

180. J(b+ csinax)ncosaxdx= 1 (b+ csinax)n+l, ni=-1.


ac(n + 1)
181.J(b+ccosax)nsinaxdx= 1 (b+ccosax)n+1 ni=-1.
ac(n + 1) ,

182. J cos ax dx = ~ Inlb + c sin alx.


b + csin ax ac
sin ax 1
183.
Jb + ccos ax dx = --log(b + ccos ax).
ac

184. dx
J bsin ax + ccos ax
= 1
aYb 2 + c2
[log (tan !(ax + tan- I
2 b
'£)].
dx - 1 . -I U.
185.
J b + ccos ax + dsin ax = Mn
aYfi2 - (2 - d 2 '
c2 + d 2 + b(ccos ax + asin ax) 1
U= Y c2 + d 2(b + ccos ax + dsin ax) or aY c2 + d2 _ b2 10g(V),
c2 + d 2 + b( c cos ax + d sin ax) + Y c2 + d 2 - b2(c sin ax - d cos ax)
V=
Y c2 + d 2(b + ccos ax + dsin ax)
b2 i= c2 + d 2, - 7T < ax < 7T.

186. Jb + c cos axdx + d sin ax =

1 (b- (c+ d) cosax+ (c- d) sin ax) b 2 = c2 + d 2.


ab b+ (c- d) cos ax+ (c+ d) sin ax '

187 . sin2ax dx -- - 1 jH;+


J b+ ccos 2ax ac
C
---tan
b
-l({;f
--tan ax) - - .
b+ c c
X

sin ax cos ax dx 1
188. 2 2 = 10g(bcos 2ax+csin 2ax).
J bcos ax + csin ax 2a(c - b)
dx = _1_
10g ( bcos ax + csin ax).
189. J b2 cos2ax - c2 sin2ax 2abc b cos ax - c sin ax

190. J dx , = _1_ tan- I ( c tan ax).


b2 cos 2ax - c2 sin 2ax abc b
. x sin 4ax
191. sm 2ax cos 2ax dx = - - .
J 8 32a
dx 1
192.
Jsin ax cos ax = -log(tan
a
ax).

dx 1
193. . 2
Jsm 2
axcos ax
= -(tan ax -
a
ctn ax).
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 383

2
194. _si_n_a_x dx = .!.[-sin ax + IOg(tan(_a_x
J cos ax
+ 1T))].
a 2 4
ax
195.
J c~s2ax
sm ax
dx = '!'[cos ax + IOg(tan-_ )].
a 2
sin m-l ax cos n+1 ax
196. sinmaxcosnaxdx= - (
J am + n)

+ m-l Jsinm- 2axcosnaxdx, m, n>O.


m+n
sinm+laxcosn-lax
197.
Jsinmaxcosnaxdx= - - - -----
a(m + n)

+ n - 1 Jsinmaxcosn-2ax dx, m, n>O.


m+n
sin max sin m+ 1 ax
198. dx = I
J cosnax a(n - l)cos n- ax
m - n + 2 J sinmax
n - 1
2
cos n- ax
dx, m, n> 0, n *- 1.

cosnax _cosn+lax
199. dx= 1
J sinmax a(m - 1) sin m- ax
m - n - 2 J cosnax
+ 2 dx, m, n, >0, m *- 1.
(m - 1) sin m- ax
1 1
200. J dx =
sin max cosnax a(n- 1) sinm-l ax cos n- 1 ax
m+n-2J dx
+ (n - 1) sinmaxcosn- 2ax'
1 1
201. J dx =
sinmaxcosnax a(m - 1) sinm-l ax cos n- 1 ax

m+n-2J dx
+ (m - 1) sinm- 2axcosnax'
Sin
2n ax
J (l - cos 2ax)n
202. dx = dx. (Expand, divide, and use 205).
J cosax cos ax
cos 2nax J (l - sin 2ax)n
203. . dx = . dx. (Expand, divide, and use 190).
J sm ax sm ax

204.
sin2n+1ax
J cos ax
dx =
J(l -
cos 2ax)n
sin ax dx. (Expand, divide, and use 218).
cos ax
cos2n+lax f(1 -
sin2ax)n
205. f .
sm ax
dx = .
smax
cos ax dx. (Expand, divide, and use 217).
384 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

Expressions Containing tan ax or ctn ax


(tan ax = lldn ax)

206. J tan u du = -log(cos u) or log(sec u), where u is any function of x.

207. Jtan ax dx = - : log(cos ax).

208. J tan 2ax dx = : tan ax - x.

1 1
209. Jtan ax dx =
3
2a tan 2ax + -;;, log (cos ax).

210. Jtannax dx = 1 tann-1ax - Jtan n- 2ax dx, n integer> 1.


a(n - 1)

211. Jctnudu=log(sinu) or -log(cscu), where uis any function ofx.

212. Jctn 2 ax dx = J d: = _..!.. ctn ax - x.


tan ax a

213. Jctn 3 ax dx = __1_ ctn 2ax - ..!..log(sin ax).


2a a

214. Jctnnax dx = J dx
tannax

- 1 ctnn-l ax - Jctn n- 2ax dx, n integer> 1.


a(n - 1)
dx J ctn ax dx
215.
J b + c tan ax - b ctn ax + c

= b2 : c2 [bX + : log(bcos ax + csin ax) J


dx J tan ax dx
216.
J b + c ctn ax - b tan ax + c
1
= 2 2(bX-'£log(CCOsax+bsinaX)).
b +c a

217. -d==;;==x =
J Yb+ctan 2ax
----;===
1.
aYb-c
SIn - I(H-
--c.
Sill
b
ax)
'
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 385

Expressions Containing sec ax = 1/ cos ax or


esc ax = l/sin ax

218. Isec u du = log (sec u + tan u) = IOg[ tan ( ; + :) l


where u is any function of x.

219. Isec ax dx = ~ log[ tan ( ~x + 1


:)

220. I sec 2ax dx = ~ tan ax.


I
221. I sec 3 ax dx = 2a [tan ax sec ax + log ( tan ( ~+ :))1
222.
I 1 sin ax
secnax dx = - - - - - - - - : : -
a(n - 1) cosn-lax

+ n - 2 Isecn-2ax dx, n integer> 1.


n-I

223. I csc u du = log(csc u - ctn u) = log(tan ;}

where u is any function of x.

224. I csc ax dx = ~ log(tan ~x)-

225. I csc 2ax dx = - ~ ctn ax.

226. I csc 3 ax dx =
I
2 a [ - ctn ax csc ax + log (tan ~x) 1
1 cosax + -
n-- 2I n 2
227. cscnaxdx= csc - axdx n integer> 1.
I a(n - 1) sinn-lax n - 1 '

Expressions Containing tan ax and sec ax or


ctn ax and esc ax

228. I tan u sec u du = sec u, where u is any function of x.

229. I tan ax sec ax dx = ~ sec ax.

230. Itan naxsec 2 ax dx = 1 tann+lax,


a(n + 1)
386 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

231. Itan ax secnax dx = .l.... secnax,


an

232. Ictn u csc u du = -csc u, where u is any function of x.

233. I cm ax csc ax dx = - ~ csc ax.


1
234. I ctn nax csc 2ax dx = -------ctnn+la~ n=l=-l.
a(n + 1)
235. Ictn ax cscnax dx = _.l.... cscnax,
an
csc 2ax dx 1
236. = --}og(ctn ax).
I ctn ax a

Expressions Containing Algebraic and


Trigonometric Functions

I · 1 . ax - -x
237 • xsm ax d x = 2sm
a
1 cos ax.
a

238 · Ix sm ax
2
2' d 2x . 2 x
x = 2 sm ax + "3 cos ax - - cos ax.
a a a
3' d 2
3x . 6. x3 6x
239 · I x SIn ax x = --2- sm ax - 4 sm ax - - cos ax + "3 cos ax.
a a a a
. 2 d x 2 xsin 2ax cos 2ax
240. I x sm ax x = 4 - 4a - 8a 2 .

241.
I
x2 sin2ax dx = ~ - (~ -
6 4a
1_) sin 2ax _ x cos4a22ax
__
8a 3

242. I x 3 sin2 ax dx = x
8
4
- (~-
4a 8a 3 8a
2
3X) sin 2ax _ (3X 2 -
16a4
_3_)
cos 2ax.

. 3 d xcos 3ax sin 3ax 3xcos ax 3 sin ax


243. I x SIn ax x = - 2 - + .
12a 36a 4a 4a 2

244. I xn sin ax dx = - ~ xn cos ax + : I xn- l cos ax dx, n> O.

245. Isin ax dx = ax _ (ax)3 + (ax)5 _ ....


x 3·31 5·51

246. I sin ax dx = - 1 sin ~x + a I cos aX dx .


xm (m - 1) xm - (m - 1) xm - l

247. Ix cos ax dx = ~
a
cos ax + .l x sin ax.
a
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 387

2 d 2x 2. x2 .
248 • f X cos ax x = 2 cos ax - 3 sm ax + - sm ax.
a a a
(3a2x2 - 6) cos ax (a 2x 3 - 6x) sin a
249. f x 3 cos ax dx = 4 + 3 .
a a
2
250 f d x x sin 2ax cos 2ax
• x cos ax x = 4
2
+ 4a + 8a 2 .

x3
251. f x 2 cos 2axdx=-+ x 2- -1
(- -)sm2ax+
. x cos 2ax .
6 4a 8a 3 4a 2
4 2
252. f x3 cos2ax dx = x + (~- 3X) sin 2ax + (3X - _3_) cos 2ax.
8 4a 8a 3 8a 2 16a4
3 d - xsin 3ax cos 3ax 3xsin ax 3 cos ax
253. f xcos ax x- 12a + 36a2 + 4a + 4a 2 .

254. fx n cos ax dx = .la xn sin ax -


.!
!!:...
a
fx n - 1 sin ax dx, n pos.

255. fCOS ax dx = log(ax) _ (ax)2 + (ax)4 _ ....


x 2·21 4'4!

256. f cos ax dx = 1 cos ax a fsin ax dx


xm (m - 1) xm- 1 (m - 1) x m- 1 '

Expressions Containing Exponential and


Logarithmic Functions

257. feu du = eU , where u is any function of x.

bU
258.
f
bU du =
log(b)
, where u is any function of x.

bax
259. f eax dx = ~ eax, ax
f b dx = a log(b) .
xbax
260. f xe ax dx = ~; (ax - 1), f xbaxdx=---
a log(b)

263.
n pos. integ.
388 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

ax
264. fxne-axdx= - e- [(ax)n + n(ax)n-l + n(n-l)(ax)n-2
a +1
n
+ ... + n!J, n pos. integ.

xnbax n f
265. f xnbaxdx= - xn-1baxdx, npos.
a log(b) a log(b)
eax (ax)2 (ax)3
266. f - dx = log(x) + ax + - - + - - + ....
x 2· 2! 3· 3!
ax
eax
267. f -dx= -1- (-e - - + a f -eax- d x) n integ. > 1.
xn n- 1 x n- 1 x n- 1 '

268.
f dx
b + ee ax
1
= -[ax - log(b + ee ax )].
ab
eax dx 1
269. f ax = -log(b + ee ax ).
b + ee ae

270.
f be ax +dxce-ax = -1- tan- 1
a~
(ft)
eax - ,
e
band e pos.

271. f eax sin bx dx = a2e;x b2 (a sin bx - b cos bx).

ax . b ' d - eaX[(b- e) sin(b- e)x+ acos(b- e)x]


272. f e sm x sm ex x - 2 [a2 + (b _ e) 2]
eax[(b+ e) sin(b+ e) + acos(b+ e)x]
2[a 2 + (b + e)2]

273. f eax cos bx dx = a 2 e;x b2 (a cos bx + b sin bx).

274 fax b d - eaX[(b - e) sin(b - e)x + acos(b - e)x]


• e cos xcos ex x - 2[a2 + (b _ e)2]
eaX[(b + e) sin(b + e)x + acos(b + e)x]
+ -..::.....:....----'-----'------'------'-----'---=-
2[a 2 + (b + e)2]
275 fax . b d - eaX[a sin(b - e)x - (b - e) cos(b - e)x]
• e sm xcos ex x - 2[a2 + (b _ e)2]
eaX[a sin(b + e)x - (b + e) cos(b + e)x]
+ 2[a 2 + (b + e)2]
eax cos e
276. f eax sin bx sin (bx + e) dx = ---
2a
eax[acos(2bx + e) + 2bsin(2bx + e)]
2(a 2 + 4b 2 )
eax cos e
277. f eax cos bx cos (bx + e) dx = ---
2a
eax[acos(2bx+ e) + 2bsin(2bx+ e)]
+--"----'------'------'--------'-=--
2(a 2 + 4b 2 )
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 389

eax sin c
278. f eax sin bx cos(bx + c) dx =
2a
+ eax[a sin(2bx + c) - 2b cos(2bx + c)]
2(a 2 + 4b 2 )
eax sin c
279. f eax cos bx sin (bx + c) dx = - - -
2a
eax[a sin(2bx + c) - 2b cos(2bx + c)]
+---'-----'-----'-----::----'----'---'-
2(a 2 + 4b 2 )
xeax
280. f xe ax sin bx dx = 2 2 (a sin bx - b cos bx)
a + b
eax
2 2 2 [( a 2 - b2) sin bx - 2 ab cos bx].
(a +b)
xeax
281. f xe ax cos bx dx = 2 2 (a cos bx + b sin bx)
a +b
eax
2 2 2 [(a 2 - b2) cos bx + 2 absin bx].
(a +b)
eax (cos n - 1bx) (a cos bx + nb sin bx)
a 2 + n2b2
2f
+ n(n-1)b eax cosn- 2bx dx.
a 2 + n2b2
. b d eaX(sinn-1bx)(asinbx- nbcosbx)
283 • f eax SIn n X X = ---'-------'---:---------c::--:::------'-
a 2 + n2b2

284. flog(ax) dx = x log (ax) - x.

x2 x2
285. f x log( ax) dx = 2 log( ax) - 4·

f
x3 x3
286. x 2 1og(ax) dx = 31og(ax) - gO
287. f[log(ax)]2 dx= x[log(ax)]2 - 2xlog(ax) + 2xo

288. f [log( ax)] n dx = x[log( ax)] n - n f [log( ax)] n-l dx, n pos.

289. f xn log(ax) dx = xn+1 lOg(aX) -


( n+1 (n + 1)2
,
1) n -=1= -1.

xn+l m f
290. f xn[log(ax)]m dx = --[log(ax)]m - - - xn[log(ax)]m-l dx.
n+1 n+ 1
390 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

[log(ax)]n [log(ax)]n+l
291. f x dx = - n-=l= -1.
n+I

292. f dx = log [log ( ax)].


x log(ax)

293. f dx
x(log(ax»n
= _ 1
(n - 1) (log(ax»n-l
.

n
294. f x dx =
(log(ax) )m
-xn+l n + 1 f xndx
(m-I)(log(ax»m-l + m-I (log(ax»m-l' m-=l=1.
n
295 f x dx
• log(ax)
= _1_
n l
a +
f
Y
e dy
y'
y = (n + 1) Inlaxl.

296. f 1 xndx
( 1 I I
= --.;}[loglog(ax) + (n + 1) log(ax)
og ax) an
+ (n + I)2[log(ax)]2 + (n + I)3[log(ax)]3 + ... ].
2· 2! 3· 3!

297. f dx
log(ax)
=

![log[log(ax)] + log(ax) + (log(ax»2 + (log(ax»3 + '''].


a 2·21 3· 3!

298. fsin[log(ax)] dx = ; [sin[log(ax)] - cos[log(ax)].

299. fcos[log(ax)] dx= ;[sin[log(ax)] + cos[log(ax)].

ax
1 ax log(bx) - -Ife
300. f eax log(bx) dx = -e - dx.
a a x

Expressions Containing Inverse


Trigonometric Functions

301. fsin-Iaxdx= xsin-Iax+ :VI - a 2x 2.

302. f (sin- I ax)2 dx = x(sin- I ax)2 - 2x + ~VI - a 2x 2 sin-lax.

303. fxsin-Iax dx = ~ sin-lax -


_1_ sin-lax + ~VI - a 2x 2.
2 4a 2 4a
xn+l a f x n+ l dx
304. f x n sin-lax dx = - - sin-lax - - - , n -=1= -1.
n+1 n + 1 VI - a 2 x 2
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 391

sin-Iax dx 1 ()3 1 ·3 ( )5
305 · f = ax+ ax + ax
x 2·3·3 2·4·5·5
1·3·5
+ (ax)7+... a 2x 2 <1.
2·4·6·7·7 '

306 • f
sin-Iax dx 1. -1 I (1
= - - SIn ax - a og
+ VI - a 2x 2 ) .
x2 x ax

307. fcos-Iaxdx= xcos-Iax- ~Vl - a 2x 2.

308. f (cos-Iax)2 dx = x(cos-Iax)2 - 2x - ~Vl - a 2x 2 cos-lax.

x2 1 x
309. f xcos-Iax dx = - cos-lax - - 2 cos-lax - -VI - a 2x 2.
2 4a 4a
a f x n+l dx
xn+l
310. f x n cos-lax dx = - - cos-lax + - -
n+1 n + 1 VI - a 2 x 2
, n * -1.
311. f
cos-Iax dx I I
7T
= -In ax - ax -
1
(ax)3
x 2 2·3·3
1·3 1·3·5 7
2·4·5· 5 (ax)5 - 2.4.6.7.7 (ax) - .'.,

cos-Iax dx __ 1- -1 I (1 + VI - a 2x 2 )
312 • f 2 - cos ax + a og .
x x a

313. ftan-Iax dx = x tan-lax - -.L log(l + a2x 2).


2a

n * -1.

a f x n +l dx
xn+l
317. f xn ctn-Iax dx = - - ctn-Iax + - -
n+1 n + 1 1 + a2x2
, n * -1.
ctn-Iax dx __ 1- -1 !!:...Iog (1 +2a 22x 2 ) .
318 • f 2 - ctn ax +
X x 2 a x

319. fsec-Iaxdx= xsec-Iax- ~ log(ax+ Va 2x 2 -1).


xn+ 1 1 f x n dx
320. f xn sec-lax dx = --sec-lax ± - -
n +1 n + 1 Va 2x 2 - 1
, n* -1;
use + sign when 7T/2 < sec- l ax < 7T; - sign when 0 < sec-lax < 7T/2.
392 • Appendix: Table of Integrals

321. fese-laxdx= xese-lax+ ~ log(ax+ Ya 2 x 2 -1).


xn+l 1 f xndx
322. f xn esc-lax dx = - - esc-lax ± - - , n =1= -1;
n+1 n + 1 Ya 2 x 2 - 1
use + sign when 0 < ese- l ax< 1T/2; - sign when -1T/2 < esc-lax < O.
----1.1---
Index

Absolute extrema, 107-110 graphs of, 191-192 equating, 218-225


Accumulated distance, 148 notation for, 179 finding, 39-50
Accumulation functions relationships of, 179-181 rectangular approach to,
defined by f, 58, 149 Scalar Multiple Rule for, 187 39-50, 43-45
using partial Riemann simple, using Trapezoidal representing between two
sums to approximate Rule on functions curves by a definite in-
accumulation func- without, 274-276 tegral,167-169
tions, 163-167 specific, 190-192 of trapezoids, 56
Antiderivatives, 216 substitution for finding, Asymptotes, horizontal, 304
C in, 181 224-225 Average rate of change, 31, 67
calculating, 178-192 Sum Rule for, 187-188
closed forms for, 331 and the Trapezoidal Rule, Base a, 125-126
defining, 147 274-276 Binomial Theorem, 92
finding using CAS for comparing,
of basic functions, 195 C, in antiderivatives, 181
181-186 Antidifferentiation, 178 Calculus, Fundamental
of general exponential Arccos, 303 Theorem of. See
functions, 194-195 Arcsin, 302 Fundamental Theorem
of linear combinations, Arctan, 304 of Calculus
187-190 Area formulas, 150 CAS (computer algebra system)
of trigonometric func- Area function, cumulative, 58 calculating antiderivatives
tions, 193, 195, Areas with, 195
243-244 approximating, under a finding derivatives with,
general, 181 curve, 148 142-143
393
394 • Index

Chain Rule, 86-88, 89, 237, antiderivative of a function, inspecting the domain of,
248, 309, 318 149-150 (See also 17-22
Change of variables, 217 An tiderivatives) and integrals, 3-64
Circle, equation of, 267 applying a rectangular ap- of inverse functions, 305-309
Closed forms, for antideriva- proach to, 43-45 left-hand, 18
tives, 331 approximating, 271-292 of local extema, 107
Combinations and calculating Riemann of logarithmic functions,
differentiating, 68-69 sums, 50-54 135-139
linear, finding antideriva- connection between deriva- Mean Value Theorem for,
tives of, 181-186 tives and, 59-61 34-36
Composition of functions, 68 defining, 49, 148 of natural logs, 126,
Computer algebra sytem integrating functions 131-134
(CAS). See CAS whose graphs dip be- negative, 100
Concavity, of functions, 93-98 low the axis, 156-159 notations for, 69-70,
Constant functions, 72 interpreting, 54-58, 115-116
Constant Rule, 68-69, 88 160-163 nth,97
Continuous functions, 276 representing the area be- of powers of e, 126-130
Converging integrals, 346 tween two curves by, proportional, 340
Cosecant functions 167-178 relationship between func-
antiderivatives of, 245 Riemann sum approach, tions and, 22-25
derivatives of, 140-141 148-149, 150-156 representing by expres-
Cosine functions using partial Riemann sions, 12-17
antiderivatives of, 245-246 sums to approximate right-hand, 18
derivatives of, 135 accumulation func- second,98
inverse, 302 tions, 163-167 signs and sign charts, 24,
Cotangent functions Degree of ordinary differen- 26-27, 82, 100
antiderivatives of, 245-246 tial equations, 322 of sin (x) and cos(x),
derivatives of, 140-141 Delta x, 48 119-122
Critical number of f, 25 Derivatives, 66-68 slopes and, 5-8
Cumulative area function, 58 calculus approach to, third,98
Curves 68-145 zeros of, 82
families of, 326 connection between defi- Difference quotients, 12
fitting to a data set, 217, nite integrals and, Diff~rence Rule, 75-77,89
282-284 59-61 Differences of functions, 68
representing areas be- definition of, 9-12 Differentiable functions, 12,
tween, by definite inte- of derivatives, 98 309
grals, 167-169 domains of, 17-22 Differential equations, 296
and the Riemann sum ap- equations involving, investigating, 323-325
proach to approximate 317-337 ordinary (ODE), 322
the area under a of exponential functions, solving, using separation of
curve, 155 125-130, 139 variables, 326-331
sketching, 101-107 of functions containing Differentials, 225
Cylinders, right circular, 352 trigonometric expres- Differen tiation
Cylindrically shaped solids, sions, 122-125, 139 of combinations of func-
361-362 general, 12 tions, 68-89
of general exponential and implicit (See Implicit differ-
Data sets, using the logarithmic functions, entiation)
Trapezoidal Rule on, 135-139 integration and, 189
276-280 graphs of functions and, of inverse trigonometric
Decay constant, 289 26-27 functions, 305-309
Decreasing functions, 22, 99 higher~rder, 98-101 logarithmic, 316
Definite integrals, 38-61, increasing/decreasing, reversing the process of, 149
147-213 97-98 rules of, 88-89, 139
• Index 395

Diminishing returns, point Extended Power Rule, 78-80, instantaneous rate of


of,36 89, 236 change, 32, 67
Disc approach, to find the Extrema integrable, 54
volumes of solids of absolute, 107-110 inverse (See Inverse func-
revolution, 350-359 local, 107 tions)
Discontinuity, jump, 19 logarithmic (See
Discrete functions, 276 Families of curves, 326 Logarithmic func-
Distance Filling a Nectar Bottle, pro- tions)
finding, 151 ject, 362-365 power, 72
formula for, 150 Finding an Average products of, 68
velocity varying and, Temperature, project, proportional, 340
151-156 285-292 quotients of, 68
Distance-to-date, 152 Finding the Right Water rate of change of, 113
Diverging integrals, 346 Level, project, 266-269 relationship between deriv-
DNE (term), 23 Finite value, 344 atives and, 22-25
Domains, of derivatives, First Derivative Test, The, scalar multiples of, 72
17-22 25-26, 91 secant, 140, 141
Functional behavior, analyz- sign charts for, 82
e, 126-130 ing, 93-119 sine (See Sine functions)
End-points of subintervals, Functions sums of, 67
46-47 accumulation (See tangent (See Tangent func-
Equating areas, 218-225 Accumulation func- tions)
Equations tions) trigonometric (See
differential, 296, 323-331 average rate of change Trigonometric func-
involving derivatives, and, 31, 67 tions)
317-337 basic, finding antideriva- velocity, 151-156
Equivalent integrals, 217, 229 tives of, 181-186 whose graphs dip below
Estimating the National Debt, combinations of, 67-68 axis, integrating,
project, 280-281 composition of, 68 156-160
Euler's Formula, 336 concavity of, 93-98 without simple antideriva-
Euler's method, utilizing, constant, 72 tives, using
331-337 contintlOus, 276 Trapezoidal Rule on,
Explicit solutions, 325 cosecant (See Cosecant 271-274
Exponential decay function, functions) Fundamental Theorem of
289 cosine (See Cosine func- Calculus (FTC), 58,
Exponential form of loga- tions) 61, 150, 196-197, 209,
rithms, 125 cotangent (See Cotangent 216
Exponential functions, 67, functions) comparing accumulation
125 decreasing, 22, 99 functions and anti-
antiderivatives of, 194-195, derivatives of (See derivatives with calcu-
244-245 Derivatives) lators, 197-204
derivatives of, 125-130, 139 differences of, 67 Part 1, 197-201,209
Expressions differentiable, 12, 309 Part II, 203-209
integrating, containing discrete, 276
trigonometric func- exponential (See General antiderivative of f,
tions, 195, 245 Exponential functions) 181
representing derivatives by, finding antiderivatives of, General derivatives of func-
12-17 181-186 tions, 12
in Tables of Integrals, graphs of, derivatives and, General exponential func-
369-392 22-27 tions
trigonometric (See implicit, 297, 313 antiderivatives of, 194-195,
Trigonometric expres- increasing, 22, 99 244
sions) inflection points of, 96-97 derivatives of, 135-137
396 • Index

General logarithmic func- tables, 263-264 project for, 256-260


tions, 137-139 expressions containing strategy underlying,
Graphs algebraic and trigono- 250-253
of antiderivatives, 191 metric functions, using, 253-256
dipping below axis, inte- 386-387 by substitution, 217-243
grating functions of, expressions containing project for, 241-243
156-160 ax + b, 369-373 situations where substitu-
of functions, derivatives expressions containing tion applies, 231-237
and,26-27 ax2 + bx + c, 376-379 strategy underlying,
reflecting, 122, 299-304 expressions containing 225-231
ax2 + c, axn + c, x2 :t: using, 238-241
Higher-order derivatives, p2, and p2 - x2, summary of rules of,
98-101 373-376 260-261
Horizontal asymptotes, 304 expressions containing Inverse functions, 309-313
Horizontal Line Test, 299 exponentialandlog~ cosine, 302
Horizontal tangents, 22 rithmic functions, finding the derivatives of,
387-390 309-313
i, as index of summation, 37 expressions containing sine, 301
Implicit differentiation, inverse trigonometric tangent, 304
297-298 functions, 390-392 trigonometric, 300-309
and defining inverse expressions containing IVP. See Initial Value Problem
trigonometric func- sec ax =l/cos ax or
tions, 300-304 csc ax =l/sin ax, 385 Jump discontinuity, 19
and differentiating inverse expressions containing
trigonometric func- sin ax, 379-380 k, fixed constant, 187
tions, 305-309 expressions containing
and finding the derivative tan ax and sec ax or Left-hand derivatives, 18
of an inverse function, ctn ax and csc ax, Leibnitz, Gottfried, 210
309-313 385-386 Linear combinations, finding
using, 298-300 expressions containing antiderivatives of,
Implicit functions, 297, 313 tan ax or ctn ax (tan 187-190
Implicit solutions, 325 ax = II ctn ax), 384 Local extrema, 107
Improper integrals, 296, expressions involving cos Logarithmic differentiation,
344-350 ax, 380-381 316
Increasing functions, 22, 99 expressions involving sin Logarithmic functions
Indefinite integrals, 181 ax and cos ax, 381-383 base a, 125-126
Infinite extent, 344, 345 looking up integrals in, derivatives of, 131-134
Inflection points, 96-97 264-266 exponential form, 125
Initial value problem (IVP), miscellaneous algebraic general
330-331 expressions, 379 antiderivatives of,
Instantaneous rate of change, project for, 266-269 135-137
32, 67 Integrands, 237 derivatives of, 194-195,
Integrable functions, 54 Integration, 344 244
In tegrals, 216 approximating definite in- Logarithms
converging, 346 tegrals (See Definite in- natural, 126
definite (See Definite inte- tegrals) properties, 304
grals) differentiation and, 186,
diverging, 346 187 Mass formula, 171
equivalent, 217, 229 evaluating improper inte- Maxima. See Extrema
improper, 296, 344-350 grals, 345-350 Mean Value Theorem for
indefinite, 181 methods of, 215-293 Derivatives, 34-35
Mean Value Theorem for, numerical, 216 Mean Value Theorem for
212 by parts Integrals, 212
• Index 397

Midpoint approach, 61 Reflections, of exponential finding using the washer


Minima. See Extrema functions, 125 approach, 359-362
Modeling Template, 353 Related rates, 318 project for finding,
Related rates problems, 296, 362-365
Natural logs, 126 319-322 Solutions, implicit/explicit,
Negative derivatives, 100 Revolution, solids of. See 325
Newton, Sir Isaac, 210 Solids of revolution Sounding Off, project,
Newton's Method, 342-344 Riemann sum approach, 256-260
Normal distribution, 273 148-149, 150-156 Step size, 331
nth derivatives, 97 Riemann sums, 48 Subintervals, 43, 46-48, 216
Numerical integration, 216 calculating, 50-54 Substitution. See Integration,
partial (See Partial Riemann by substitution
sums) Sum Rule, 75-76, 89
Ordinary differential equa-
tion (ODE). See Right circular cylinders, 352 Sum Rule for Antiderivatives,
Right-hand derivatives, 18 187-188
Differential equations,
Sums
ordinary
of functions, 67
Scalar Multiple Rule, 73-74, Riemann (See Riemann
Parameter C, 326 89 sums)
Partial Riemann sums, 58, for Antiderivatives, 187
149, 163-167 with Power Rule, 73-74
Point of diminishing returns, Scalar multiples of functions, Tables, of integrals. See
36 67 Integrals, tables
Positive, derivatives, 100 Tangent functions, 303
Scatterplots, 276
Power functions, 72 Secant functions antiderivative, 246-247
Power Rule, 69-72, 77, 88 antiderivatives of, 246, derivatives, 140-141
Probability density function, 247 inverse, 304
144-145, 273 derivatives of, 140, 141 Tangent lines, 94
Product Rule, 80-83, 89, 248 Secant lines, 6, 66 to curves, 5
Products, of functions, 68 Second derivatives, 94, 98 slopes of, 66
Projects Second Derivative Test, Third derivatives, 98
Estimating the National 116-117 Time intervals
Debt, 280-281 Separable ordinary differen- dividing, 150-151
Filling a Nectar Bottle, tial equations, 326-331 Time step, 331
362-365 TL (term), 22
Sequences, 8
Finding an Average Sigma notation, 37 Tracking the Human Race,
Temperature, 285-292 Sign charts project, 241-243
Finding the Right Water for derivatives, 26-27 Trapezoidal Rule
Level, 266-269 for functions, 82 finding a formula for,
Sounding Off, 256-260 Signs of derivatives, 26-27, 82 271-274
Tracking the Human Race, Sine functions project with, 280-281
241-243 antiderivatives, 185, using
Proportional functions and 245-246 on data sets, 276-282
derivatives, 340 derivatives of, 119-122 on functions without
inverse, 302 simple antiderivatives,
Quotient Rule, 83-86, 89 Sketching curves, 101-107 274-276
Quotients Slopes Trapezoids, 177
difference, 12, 66 derivatives and, 5 areas of, 77
of functions, 68 of the tangent line, 66, 94 and the trapezoidal ap-
Solids of revolution, volumes proach, 62
Rate of change, 296 of,296-297 Trigonometric functions
Rectangular approach, to finding using the disc ap- antiderivatives of functions
finding areas, 43-45 proach, 350-359 containing, 246-247
398 • Index

Trigonomeuic functions (cont.) reversing rules for differen- Washer approach, to find the
defining inverse, 300-304 tiating, 244-245 volume of solids of
derivatives of functions con- revolution, 359-362
mining, 122-125, 139 Variables, change of, 217 Washers, 359
differentiating inverse, Velocity, 151-156 Work formulas, 151, 170-171
305-309 Volumes of solids of revolu-
integrating expressions tion. See Solids of revo-
conmining, 193, 247 lution Zeros of derivatives, 82

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen