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Appendix:
TABLE OF INTEGRALS
Expressions Containing ax + b
1. I(ax+ b)ndx= 1 (ax+ b)n+l, n=l=-1.
a(n + 1)
2. I dx
ax+ b
1
= -loge<ax + b).
a
3
•
I dx
(ax+b)2
=_ 1
a(ax+b)·
4
•
I (ax
dx
+ b)3
=_ 1
2a(ax + b)2·
xdx x b
6.
I ax+ b
= - - -2 log(ax + b).
a a
7 I xdx = b 1 I ( b)
• (ax + b)2 a 2(ax + b) + -;}i og ax + .
369
370 • Appendix: Table of Integrals
8 I xdx = b _ 1
• (ax + b)3 2a 2(ax + b)2 a 2(ax + b) .
1 (ax+ b)n+3 (ax+ b)n+2
9. x 2(ax + b)n dx = - - 2b--'------'--
I a 2
n+3 n+2
b2 (ax + b) n+ 1 )
+ , ni=-I,-2,-3.
n+l
2
10. I x dx = ~ (.!..(ax + b)2 - 2b(ax + b) + b2 10g(ax + b)).
ax+ b a 2
2 2
11. I x dx 2 =~(ax+ b) - 2blog(ax+ b) _ b ).
(ax + b) a ax + b
2 2
12 I x dx = _1
• (ax + b) 3 a3 g
(10
(ax + b) + 2b _
ax + b
b )
2 (ax + b) 2 .
14 I dx
• x( ax + b)
=.!..1 ( x )
b og ax + b .
18 I dx = l-[.!..( ax + 2b)2 + 10 ( x )]
• x(ax + b)3 b3 2 ax + b g ax + b .
19 I dx = _ b + 2 ax 2a 1 (ax + b)
• x 2(ax + b)2 b2x(ax + b) + b3 og x .
J dx
25. J ~ dx= 2~
Xax+ b+ b xYax+ b'
26. J dx = 2~.
Yax+ b a
1 (~-Vb)
31. JxYaxdx + b = Vb log Yax + b + Vb for b> O.
32 J dx - 2 -1 J ax + b b< 0
• xYax+b-\7=btan -b'
_ -2 h- 1Jax+ b
-\7btan -b ' b>O.
33 J dx = Yax + b - -.!!:.-J dx
· x 2Yax +b bx 2b xYax + b'
34 J dx = _ Yax + b + 3a~ + 3a 2 J dx
• x3Yax + b 2bx 2 4b 2x 8b 2 xYax + b'
35. J dx = 1 J (u - a)m+n-2 du ax+ b
u=
xn(ax+ b)m bm+n- 1 um ' x
42. J dx
(ax + b)(ex + d)
= 1 10 (eX + d)
be - ad g ax + b '
be - ad * O.
43
·
J(ax + b)2(ex
dx
+ d)
= 1
be - ad ax + b
[ 1 + e 10 (ex + d)]
be - ad g ax + b '
be - ad * o.
44. J(ax+ b)n(ex+ d)mdx= 1 [(ax+ b)n+l(ex+ d)m
(m+ n+ 1)a
47. J
(ax
x dx
+ b)( ex + d)
= 1
be - ad a
(!
In lax +~
- ~ log(ex+ d»). be - ad * o.
48 J xdx 1 ( b
· (ax+ b)2(ex+ d) = be- ad - a(ax+ b)
50.J~dx=2~
+
J
ex d e
- -2 J ad - be tan - I e( ax + b)
e> 0, ad> be.
e e ad - be '
51.J~dx=2~
ex + d e
+! Jbe- ad 10 (Ye(ax+ b) - Ybe- ad) e> 0, be> ad.
e e g Y e( ax + b) + Y be - ad '
52 J
• (ex
dx
+ d)Yax + b -
-
VcYad - be tan
2 -I J e(ax + b)
ad - be '
e> 0, ad> be.
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 373
53
•
f dx
(ex+d)Yax+b
=
V"cY be -
1
ad
10
g
(YY e(ax
e( ax
+ b) - Ybe -
+ b) + Y be -
ad)
ad '
e> 0, be> ad.
54. f + p2
dx 1 x
x 2 = p tan -1 p or - ~ etn- 1( ; }
55 f dx = _1 1 (~) or ~ tanh- 1( ; }
• p2 _ x2 2p og P- x '
58. f dx
(ax 2 + e)n
= 1 x
2(n - 1)e (ax 2 + e)n-1
2n - 3
+ 2(n - 1)e
f dx
(ax 2 + e)n-1'
n a positive integer.
1 (ax 2 + e)n+1
59.
f x( ax 2 + e) n dx = -2
a n + 1
, n =F -1.
60. f x2
1
x
dx = -log(ax 2
+ e).
+ a e 2a
61 f + 1.. og +
•
dx
x(ax 2 e)
=
2e
1 ( ax
ax 2
2
)
e .
62 f _1.. - !: f
dx = dx
• +x 2(ax 2 e) ex e ax 2 + e'
63 f = ~ - !- f
2
x dx dx
• + ax 2 e + a a ax 2 e'
64
f + = xn dx
--
f x n- 1 e x n- 2 dx
n =F 1.
• ax 2 e a( n - 1) a ax 2 + e '
65 f
2
x dx = 1 x
• + (ax 2 e)n 2(n - 1)a (ax 2 + e)n-1
+ 2(n - 1)a
1 f dx
(ax 2 + e)n-1 .
374 • Appendix: Table of Integrals
66. I dx = 1- I dx - !!:... I dx .
x 2(ax 2 + c)n C x 2(ax 2 + c)n-l c (ax 2 + c)n
xdx - IV 2
78. I Vax 2 + c - -;; ax + c.
x2 dx x 1I
79. = - y' ax 2 + c - - y' ax 2 + c dx.
I Vax 2 + c a a
2
80 • Vax + c d x = y' ax 2 + c + ~vrc I og ( VaX2 + c - ~) , c>O.
I x x
89. fYax 2 +
Xn
2
c dx = _ (ax + c) 3/2
c(n - 1)xn - 1
~~-
(n-4)afYax2+c
dx, n> 1.
(n - 1) c xn - 2
dx Yax 2 + c
90. f xnYax2 +c = - c(n - 1)xn- 1
(n - 2) a f n 2 dx 2 n> 1.
(n-1) c x - Yax + c'
a<O.
xn+l(ax2 + c)3/2 3c f .
96. f x n(ax 2 + c) 3/2 dx = + - - x nYax 2 + c dx.
n+4 n+4
376 • Appendix: Table of Integrals
xdx 1
97. f
(ax 2 + e)3/2 -
f (ax 2 + e)3/2
X2 dx x
98.
aYax 2 + e
1
+ ~ / log(x~+ Yax 2 + e), a>O.
ava
2 x
99 f x dx
• (ax 2 + e)3/2 aYax 2 + e
x3 dx x2 2
100 f = - + -Yax 2 + e
• (ax 2 + e)3/2 aYax 2 + e 2 a .
n
101. f dx = l..-IOg( x ).
x(axn + e) en axn + e
n
102. f dx dx -
= ! f !!:.. f x dx .
(ax n + e)m
e (ax n + e)m-l e n
(ax + e)m
103 f dx
• xYax n + e
= _1_ 1
n~ og Yaxn+
n
ax + (Y e-
e+ ~'
~) 0
e>.
104 ·
f / dx
~ -- ~ 2r-- sec -I
xv axn + e n v -e
J- e
n
ax , e < 0 .
109 f·
dx -
ax 2 + bx + e - V 4ae -
2 t
b 2 an
-1 2ax + b
V 4ae - b2 '
b2 < 4aeo
110. f dx = _ 2 , b 2 = 4aeo
ax 2 + bx + e 2 ax + b
111 f dx = 2ax + b
· (ax 2 + bx + e)n+l n(4ae - b 2)(ax 2 + bx + e)n
2(2n - l)a f dx
+ n(4ae - b 2) (ax 2 + bx + e)n°
112.
f + + xdx 1
= -log(ax 2 + bx + e) - -
b f dx
ax 2 ax 2 + bx +
0
bx e 2a 2a e
f + +
x2 dx x b 2 + bx + e)
113. --=----- = - - -log(ax
ax 2 bx e a 2a 2
+
b2 - 2 ae
2 a2
f ax 2
dx
+bx + eO
114. f xndx
ax 2 + bx + e =
x n- 1 e
(n - 1) a - -;
f x n- 2 dx b
ax 2 + bx + e - -;
f x n- 1 dx
ax + bx + eO
2
115
·
f xdx
(ax + bx + e)n+l
2
= -(2c + bx)
n(4 ae - b 2) (ax 2 + bx + e)n
b(2n - 1) f dx
n(4 ae - b 2) (ax + bx
2 + e)n°
x m-
f
xm dx 1
116 = ------------
· (ax + bx + e)n+l
2 a(2n - m + 1) (ax 2 + bx + e)n
n- m+ 1 b f 2
xm - 1 dx
2n- m+ 1 a (ax + bx+ e)n+l
+ m- 1 e f m
x - 2 dx
2n - m + 1 a (ax 2 + bx + e)n+l
117. f dx
x(ax 2 + bx + e)
= ~ 10
2e
( x
g ax 2 + bx + e
2
) - ~
2e
f dx
(ax 2 + bx + e) 0
118
·
f dx
x 2 (ax 2 + bx + e) 2e 2 g x2
2
= _b_ 10 (ax + bx + e) _ ~
ex
b2
+ ( 2e 2 -
a) f (ax 2 +dxbx + e)
~ 0
119. f x m(ax 2 +
dx
bx + e)n+l
= _ 1
(m - l)ex m - 1 (ax 2 + bx + e)n
(n + m - 1) b
m- 1 e
f dx
x m- 1 (ax 2 + bx + e)n+l
(2n + m- 1) af dx
m- 1 e x m- 2(ax 2 + bx + e)n+l .
378 • Appendix: Table of Integrals
120. I dx
x(ax 2 + bx + c)n
= 1
2c(n - 1) (ax 2 + bx + c)n-l
bI dx
- 2c (ax 2 + bx + c)n + -;
II dx
x(ax 2 + bx + c)n-l .
127. Ix 2Yax 2 + bx + c dx = (x _
2
(ax + bx + c)3/2 • !!!!..)
6a 4a
2
(5b - 4ac) I '
+ 2 Yax 2 + bx + c dx.
I6a
128.
dx -
-
I xYax 2 + bx + e v e
-
1 1
~ r og
ax 2 + bx + c + ~
x
(Y
+ 2~). c> O.
129 I dx - 1 . -I bx + 2 c 0
• xYax 2 + bx+ c - ~ sm xYb2 _ 4ac' c<.
130
•
I dx -
xYax2 + bx -
-~Y 2
bx ax +
b
x, c= O.
2
131. I ,dx = _ Yax + bx + c
x nYax 2 + bx + c c(n - l)xn- I
+ b(3 - 2n) I dx + a(2 - n) I dx
2c(n - 1) xn- 1Yax2 + bx + c c(n - 1) xn- 2Yax2 + bx + c·
133
·
I dx
(ax 2 + bx + e)3/2
I
b2 = 4ae.
136 I
· V ax +
dx
b Vex + d
=
143. IV x-p
d~
q-x
= 2 sin -1) q-pp.
x-
149. Isinnax dx =
sinn-laxcos ax
- ----- + - n --1 I'
Sill
n-2
ax dx (n pos. integer).
na n
150.
I - .dx
SIll
- - = -1 log( tan -ax) = -logeesc
ax a
1
2
ax - ctn ax).
a
151.
I . dx
Sill
2
ax
= Icsc ax dx
2 1 ctn ax.
= --
a
152.
Isinnax
dx
- - -1- - -cos
--
a(n - 1) sinn-lax
n --
ax- + - 2 I
n- 1
dx
sin n- 2 ax'
n integer> 1.
153.
154.
155.
158. IVI - sin xdx= ~2(sin; + cos ;); use + sign when
x sin 2ax
161.
I
cos 2 ax dx = - + .
2 4a
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 381
166. fcosd:
ax
= .l tan ax.
a
dx 1 sin ax n - 2 f dx
167. f n - --- --- +- - n integer> 1.
cos ax a(n - 1) cosn-1ax n - 1 cosn- 2 ax'
dx 1 ax
168. f 1 + cos ax = -;;, tan 2'
dx 1 ax
169. f 1 _ cos ax = --;;, ctn 2'
172. f dx - 1 tan- 1 ( V b2 - 2
c sin ax )
b + c cos ax aY b2 - c2 c + b cos ax '
173. f
dx
- Y 2
1
tanh- 1
( Y c2 - 2
b sin ax )
,
b + c cos ax a c - b2 c+ b cos ax
sin (a - b) x sin (a + b) x
174. f cos ax cos bx dx = 2(a _ b) + 2(a + b) ,
1
177. f cosnax sin ax dx = - - - - cos n+ 1 ax,
a(n+ 1)
382 • Appendix: Table of Integrals
sin ax 1
178.
Jcos ax
dx = --log(cos ax).
a
cos ax 1 .
179. . dx = -log(sm ax).
J sm ax a
184. dx
J bsin ax + ccos ax
= 1
aYb 2 + c2
[log (tan !(ax + tan- I
2 b
'£)].
dx - 1 . -I U.
185.
J b + ccos ax + dsin ax = Mn
aYfi2 - (2 - d 2 '
c2 + d 2 + b(ccos ax + asin ax) 1
U= Y c2 + d 2(b + ccos ax + dsin ax) or aY c2 + d2 _ b2 10g(V),
c2 + d 2 + b( c cos ax + d sin ax) + Y c2 + d 2 - b2(c sin ax - d cos ax)
V=
Y c2 + d 2(b + ccos ax + dsin ax)
b2 i= c2 + d 2, - 7T < ax < 7T.
sin ax cos ax dx 1
188. 2 2 = 10g(bcos 2ax+csin 2ax).
J bcos ax + csin ax 2a(c - b)
dx = _1_
10g ( bcos ax + csin ax).
189. J b2 cos2ax - c2 sin2ax 2abc b cos ax - c sin ax
dx 1
193. . 2
Jsm 2
axcos ax
= -(tan ax -
a
ctn ax).
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 383
2
194. _si_n_a_x dx = .!.[-sin ax + IOg(tan(_a_x
J cos ax
+ 1T))].
a 2 4
ax
195.
J c~s2ax
sm ax
dx = '!'[cos ax + IOg(tan-_ )].
a 2
sin m-l ax cos n+1 ax
196. sinmaxcosnaxdx= - (
J am + n)
cosnax _cosn+lax
199. dx= 1
J sinmax a(m - 1) sin m- ax
m - n - 2 J cosnax
+ 2 dx, m, n, >0, m *- 1.
(m - 1) sin m- ax
1 1
200. J dx =
sin max cosnax a(n- 1) sinm-l ax cos n- 1 ax
m+n-2J dx
+ (n - 1) sinmaxcosn- 2ax'
1 1
201. J dx =
sinmaxcosnax a(m - 1) sinm-l ax cos n- 1 ax
m+n-2J dx
+ (m - 1) sinm- 2axcosnax'
Sin
2n ax
J (l - cos 2ax)n
202. dx = dx. (Expand, divide, and use 205).
J cosax cos ax
cos 2nax J (l - sin 2ax)n
203. . dx = . dx. (Expand, divide, and use 190).
J sm ax sm ax
204.
sin2n+1ax
J cos ax
dx =
J(l -
cos 2ax)n
sin ax dx. (Expand, divide, and use 218).
cos ax
cos2n+lax f(1 -
sin2ax)n
205. f .
sm ax
dx = .
smax
cos ax dx. (Expand, divide, and use 217).
384 • Appendix: Table of Integrals
1 1
209. Jtan ax dx =
3
2a tan 2ax + -;;, log (cos ax).
214. Jctnnax dx = J dx
tannax
217. -d==;;==x =
J Yb+ctan 2ax
----;===
1.
aYb-c
SIn - I(H-
--c.
Sill
b
ax)
'
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 385
226. I csc 3 ax dx =
I
2 a [ - ctn ax csc ax + log (tan ~x) 1
1 cosax + -
n-- 2I n 2
227. cscnaxdx= csc - axdx n integer> 1.
I a(n - 1) sinn-lax n - 1 '
I · 1 . ax - -x
237 • xsm ax d x = 2sm
a
1 cos ax.
a
238 · Ix sm ax
2
2' d 2x . 2 x
x = 2 sm ax + "3 cos ax - - cos ax.
a a a
3' d 2
3x . 6. x3 6x
239 · I x SIn ax x = --2- sm ax - 4 sm ax - - cos ax + "3 cos ax.
a a a a
. 2 d x 2 xsin 2ax cos 2ax
240. I x sm ax x = 4 - 4a - 8a 2 .
241.
I
x2 sin2ax dx = ~ - (~ -
6 4a
1_) sin 2ax _ x cos4a22ax
__
8a 3
242. I x 3 sin2 ax dx = x
8
4
- (~-
4a 8a 3 8a
2
3X) sin 2ax _ (3X 2 -
16a4
_3_)
cos 2ax.
247. Ix cos ax dx = ~
a
cos ax + .l x sin ax.
a
• Appendix: Table of Integrals 387
2 d 2x 2. x2 .
248 • f X cos ax x = 2 cos ax - 3 sm ax + - sm ax.
a a a
(3a2x2 - 6) cos ax (a 2x 3 - 6x) sin a
249. f x 3 cos ax dx = 4 + 3 .
a a
2
250 f d x x sin 2ax cos 2ax
• x cos ax x = 4
2
+ 4a + 8a 2 .
x3
251. f x 2 cos 2axdx=-+ x 2- -1
(- -)sm2ax+
. x cos 2ax .
6 4a 8a 3 4a 2
4 2
252. f x3 cos2ax dx = x + (~- 3X) sin 2ax + (3X - _3_) cos 2ax.
8 4a 8a 3 8a 2 16a4
3 d - xsin 3ax cos 3ax 3xsin ax 3 cos ax
253. f xcos ax x- 12a + 36a2 + 4a + 4a 2 .
bU
258.
f
bU du =
log(b)
, where u is any function of x.
bax
259. f eax dx = ~ eax, ax
f b dx = a log(b) .
xbax
260. f xe ax dx = ~; (ax - 1), f xbaxdx=---
a log(b)
263.
n pos. integ.
388 • Appendix: Table of Integrals
ax
264. fxne-axdx= - e- [(ax)n + n(ax)n-l + n(n-l)(ax)n-2
a +1
n
+ ... + n!J, n pos. integ.
xnbax n f
265. f xnbaxdx= - xn-1baxdx, npos.
a log(b) a log(b)
eax (ax)2 (ax)3
266. f - dx = log(x) + ax + - - + - - + ....
x 2· 2! 3· 3!
ax
eax
267. f -dx= -1- (-e - - + a f -eax- d x) n integ. > 1.
xn n- 1 x n- 1 x n- 1 '
268.
f dx
b + ee ax
1
= -[ax - log(b + ee ax )].
ab
eax dx 1
269. f ax = -log(b + ee ax ).
b + ee ae
270.
f be ax +dxce-ax = -1- tan- 1
a~
(ft)
eax - ,
e
band e pos.
eax sin c
278. f eax sin bx cos(bx + c) dx =
2a
+ eax[a sin(2bx + c) - 2b cos(2bx + c)]
2(a 2 + 4b 2 )
eax sin c
279. f eax cos bx sin (bx + c) dx = - - -
2a
eax[a sin(2bx + c) - 2b cos(2bx + c)]
+---'-----'-----'-----::----'----'---'-
2(a 2 + 4b 2 )
xeax
280. f xe ax sin bx dx = 2 2 (a sin bx - b cos bx)
a + b
eax
2 2 2 [( a 2 - b2) sin bx - 2 ab cos bx].
(a +b)
xeax
281. f xe ax cos bx dx = 2 2 (a cos bx + b sin bx)
a +b
eax
2 2 2 [(a 2 - b2) cos bx + 2 absin bx].
(a +b)
eax (cos n - 1bx) (a cos bx + nb sin bx)
a 2 + n2b2
2f
+ n(n-1)b eax cosn- 2bx dx.
a 2 + n2b2
. b d eaX(sinn-1bx)(asinbx- nbcosbx)
283 • f eax SIn n X X = ---'-------'---:---------c::--:::------'-
a 2 + n2b2
x2 x2
285. f x log( ax) dx = 2 log( ax) - 4·
f
x3 x3
286. x 2 1og(ax) dx = 31og(ax) - gO
287. f[log(ax)]2 dx= x[log(ax)]2 - 2xlog(ax) + 2xo
288. f [log( ax)] n dx = x[log( ax)] n - n f [log( ax)] n-l dx, n pos.
xn+l m f
290. f xn[log(ax)]m dx = --[log(ax)]m - - - xn[log(ax)]m-l dx.
n+1 n+ 1
390 • Appendix: Table of Integrals
[log(ax)]n [log(ax)]n+l
291. f x dx = - n-=l= -1.
n+I
293. f dx
x(log(ax»n
= _ 1
(n - 1) (log(ax»n-l
.
n
294. f x dx =
(log(ax) )m
-xn+l n + 1 f xndx
(m-I)(log(ax»m-l + m-I (log(ax»m-l' m-=l=1.
n
295 f x dx
• log(ax)
= _1_
n l
a +
f
Y
e dy
y'
y = (n + 1) Inlaxl.
296. f 1 xndx
( 1 I I
= --.;}[loglog(ax) + (n + 1) log(ax)
og ax) an
+ (n + I)2[log(ax)]2 + (n + I)3[log(ax)]3 + ... ].
2· 2! 3· 3!
297. f dx
log(ax)
=
ax
1 ax log(bx) - -Ife
300. f eax log(bx) dx = -e - dx.
a a x
sin-Iax dx 1 ()3 1 ·3 ( )5
305 · f = ax+ ax + ax
x 2·3·3 2·4·5·5
1·3·5
+ (ax)7+... a 2x 2 <1.
2·4·6·7·7 '
306 • f
sin-Iax dx 1. -1 I (1
= - - SIn ax - a og
+ VI - a 2x 2 ) .
x2 x ax
x2 1 x
309. f xcos-Iax dx = - cos-lax - - 2 cos-lax - -VI - a 2x 2.
2 4a 4a
a f x n+l dx
xn+l
310. f x n cos-lax dx = - - cos-lax + - -
n+1 n + 1 VI - a 2 x 2
, n * -1.
311. f
cos-Iax dx I I
7T
= -In ax - ax -
1
(ax)3
x 2 2·3·3
1·3 1·3·5 7
2·4·5· 5 (ax)5 - 2.4.6.7.7 (ax) - .'.,
cos-Iax dx __ 1- -1 I (1 + VI - a 2x 2 )
312 • f 2 - cos ax + a og .
x x a
n * -1.
a f x n +l dx
xn+l
317. f xn ctn-Iax dx = - - ctn-Iax + - -
n+1 n + 1 1 + a2x2
, n * -1.
ctn-Iax dx __ 1- -1 !!:...Iog (1 +2a 22x 2 ) .
318 • f 2 - ctn ax +
X x 2 a x
Chain Rule, 86-88, 89, 237, antiderivative of a function, inspecting the domain of,
248, 309, 318 149-150 (See also 17-22
Change of variables, 217 An tiderivatives) and integrals, 3-64
Circle, equation of, 267 applying a rectangular ap- of inverse functions, 305-309
Closed forms, for antideriva- proach to, 43-45 left-hand, 18
tives, 331 approximating, 271-292 of local extema, 107
Combinations and calculating Riemann of logarithmic functions,
differentiating, 68-69 sums, 50-54 135-139
linear, finding antideriva- connection between deriva- Mean Value Theorem for,
tives of, 181-186 tives and, 59-61 34-36
Composition of functions, 68 defining, 49, 148 of natural logs, 126,
Computer algebra sytem integrating functions 131-134
(CAS). See CAS whose graphs dip be- negative, 100
Concavity, of functions, 93-98 low the axis, 156-159 notations for, 69-70,
Constant functions, 72 interpreting, 54-58, 115-116
Constant Rule, 68-69, 88 160-163 nth,97
Continuous functions, 276 representing the area be- of powers of e, 126-130
Converging integrals, 346 tween two curves by, proportional, 340
Cosecant functions 167-178 relationship between func-
antiderivatives of, 245 Riemann sum approach, tions and, 22-25
derivatives of, 140-141 148-149, 150-156 representing by expres-
Cosine functions using partial Riemann sions, 12-17
antiderivatives of, 245-246 sums to approximate right-hand, 18
derivatives of, 135 accumulation func- second,98
inverse, 302 tions, 163-167 signs and sign charts, 24,
Cotangent functions Degree of ordinary differen- 26-27, 82, 100
antiderivatives of, 245-246 tial equations, 322 of sin (x) and cos(x),
derivatives of, 140-141 Delta x, 48 119-122
Critical number of f, 25 Derivatives, 66-68 slopes and, 5-8
Cumulative area function, 58 calculus approach to, third,98
Curves 68-145 zeros of, 82
families of, 326 connection between defi- Difference quotients, 12
fitting to a data set, 217, nite integrals and, Diff~rence Rule, 75-77,89
282-284 59-61 Differences of functions, 68
representing areas be- definition of, 9-12 Differentiable functions, 12,
tween, by definite inte- of derivatives, 98 309
grals, 167-169 domains of, 17-22 Differential equations, 296
and the Riemann sum ap- equations involving, investigating, 323-325
proach to approximate 317-337 ordinary (ODE), 322
the area under a of exponential functions, solving, using separation of
curve, 155 125-130, 139 variables, 326-331
sketching, 101-107 of functions containing Differentials, 225
Cylinders, right circular, 352 trigonometric expres- Differen tiation
Cylindrically shaped solids, sions, 122-125, 139 of combinations of func-
361-362 general, 12 tions, 68-89
of general exponential and implicit (See Implicit differ-
Data sets, using the logarithmic functions, entiation)
Trapezoidal Rule on, 135-139 integration and, 189
276-280 graphs of functions and, of inverse trigonometric
Decay constant, 289 26-27 functions, 305-309
Decreasing functions, 22, 99 higher~rder, 98-101 logarithmic, 316
Definite integrals, 38-61, increasing/decreasing, reversing the process of, 149
147-213 97-98 rules of, 88-89, 139
• Index 395
Trigonomeuic functions (cont.) reversing rules for differen- Washer approach, to find the
defining inverse, 300-304 tiating, 244-245 volume of solids of
derivatives of functions con- revolution, 359-362
mining, 122-125, 139 Variables, change of, 217 Washers, 359
differentiating inverse, Velocity, 151-156 Work formulas, 151, 170-171
305-309 Volumes of solids of revolu-
integrating expressions tion. See Solids of revo-
conmining, 193, 247 lution Zeros of derivatives, 82