PART I

PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background
Many pathological conditions that affect body alignment and mobility. Congenital or
acquired abnormalities posture affects the efficiency of the muscular skeletal system, as
well as the alignment, balance and body appearance. Abnormalities can inhibit alignment
posture, mobility, or both limiting the range of motion in multiple joints.
To prevent adnormalitas postures can be done by setting the position of the patient, in
addition to preparations such as assessing muscle strength, joint mobility of patients, their
paralisi or paresis, exercise tolerance, level of consciousness, the level of comfort, and the
ability for instruction.
1.2 Formulation of the problem
1. What sense setting the position of the patient?
2. Any kinds of body position settings according to the needs of the patient?
3. What is the procedure implementation of any arrangement position of the patient?
1.3 Aim
1. To find out more about the patient's understanding of the setting position
2. To find out about the various settings as needed patient's body position
3. To know the procedures for implementing each setting position of the patient
1.4 benefit
1. For Educational Institutions
This paper for health education institution was to assess the ability of students as
learners in studying a phenomenon specific health on setting the position of the patient
according to their needs.
2. For Health Personnel (Nurse)
This paper for health workers, especially for nurses is to recognize the importance
of how to make changes pasein position.
3. for Students
Benefits of this paper for both students and the reader is preparing to broaden
the horizon of the setting position of the patient according to their needs.
 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
1.1 understanding
Organize and change the position of the patient is set in a good position and change
regularly and systematically. This is one important aspect of nursing. Any body position
whether or not it will interfere if done in a long time.
Interest in changing the position are:
1. Preventing muscle pain
2. reduce pressure
3. Prevents damage to nerves and blood vessels superficial
4. Prevent muscle contractures
5. Bertahankan muscle tone and reflexes
6. Facilitate an act of nursing
1.2 Various Positions Patients
1. Flower

a. understanding
Fowler position is half-sitting position or sitting, where the higher
kepalatempat or raised beds. This position is done to maintain comfort and
facilitate the patient's respiratory function.
b. Aim
1) Reduce complications of immobilization.
2) Increase sense of comfort
3) Increase impulse to the diaphragm so that the increasing expansion of the
chest and lung ventilation
4) Reduce the likelihood of stress on the body due to the settled position
c. Indication
1) In patients who suffer from respiratory
2) In patients with immobilization
d. contraindications
 1) Pelvic bone fracture
2) Post abdominal surgery
3) Fractures of the spine (lumbar vtebra)
e. Ways of working :
1) Explain the procedure to be performed.
2) Washing hands
3) Sit the patient
4) Give backrest or cushion on the patient's bed or a bed set.
5) For the semi-Fowler's position (30-45˚) and for Fowler (90˚).
6) Instruct the patient to lie still half sitting.
2. Semi-Fowler's position

a. understanding
Semi-Fowler is in a half-sitting posture 15-60 degrees
b. Aim
1) Mobilization
2) Provide relief to clients shortness of breath
3) Easy maintenance for example feed
c. Indication
1) Clients shortness of breath
2) Clients postoperative nasal goitre, thoracic
3) Clients with a throat disease that produces sputum flow of bubbles and
impurities in the respiratory tract
d. contraindications
1) Clients postoperative vertebra servicalis
2) Kontusion cerebral or brain injury
3) Comser (comosio cerebral or bruising of the brain)
e. How / procedures
1) Elevating the head of the bed to the right surface (45-90 degrees)
2) Use pillows to support arms and the head of the client if the upper body
paralyzed client
 3) Put a pillow under the head of the client according to the client's wishes,
raising the knees of a low bed to avoid any teknan under poplital distance
(below the knee)
3. position sim

a. Definition
Sim position is the position tilted to the right or to the left, this position
is done to provide comfort and give a drug rectally (suppositories).
b. Aim
1) Reduce the emphasis on the spine and trochanter major secrum lumbar
muscle
2) Improve drainage of the patient's mouth and prevent aspiration
3) Inserting a suppository drug
4) prevent decubitus
c. Indication
1) For patients who will be in huknah
2) For patients who will be given the drug through the anus
3) Patients who are unable to remove sputum from the mouth
4) On the client which has secret that many from getting into the lungs
5) For rectal examination
d. Kontarindikasi
1) Clients with abnormalities or fractures in the joints and pelvis
e. Ways of working
1) Explain the procedure to be performed
2) The patient is lying down, then tilt to the left with the body position of half
his stomach and left leg straight knee. Right leg bent directed to the chest.
3) The left hand above the head or behind his back and his right hand on the
bed.
4) If the patient is tilted to the right with the body position of half his stomach
and right leg straight, left leg bent knee and be driven to the chest.
5) Right hand above the head or behind his back and his left hand on the bed.
4. Trendelenburg position

a. Definition
In this position the patient lying in bed with the head lower than the
feet. This position is done to improve blood circulation to the brain.
b. Aim
1. to improve blood circulation to the brain
c. Indication
1) Patients with surgery on the stomach area
2) patients in shock
3) Hypotensive patients.
4) In pasein with traction on the skin mounting foot
5) Performed on the client with peripheral artery disease
d. contraindications
1) Clients that have the potential penigkatan cranial pressure
e. Ways of working
1) Explain the procedure to be performed
2) The patient is lying down, then tilt to the left with the body position of half
his stomach and left leg straight knee. Right leg bent directed to the chest.
3) The left hand above the head or behind his back and his right hand on the
bed.
4) If the patient is tilted to the right with the body position of half his stomach
and right leg straight, left leg bent knee and be driven to the chest.
5) Right hand above the head or behind his back and his left hand on the bed
5. Dorsal recumbent position

a. Definition
 In this position the patient lying supine with knees flexi (pulled or
stretched) above the bed. This position is done to maintain and check the
genitalia and in the delivery process.
b. Aim
Improves patient comfort, especially with a lower back strain.
c. Indication
1) Patients who will be performing maintenance and inspection of genitalia
for childbirth
2) Performed on pregnant women when making treatment of vulvar hygiene
d. contraindications
1). Performed on the client that arthritis because it is limited to menekuku
knee and hip.
e. Ways of working :
1) Explain the procedure to be performed
2) The patient is lying on your back, place a pillow between the head and
foot of the bed the patient and give a pillow under your knees folds
3) Give girders at the foot of the bed, or organize a special bed by elevating
the patient's leg.
6. lithotomy position

a. Definition
The position of lying on your back with both legs lifted and pulled over
the abdomen. This position is done to check the genitalia during delivery, and
put contraceptives.
b. Aim
1) Make it easy for local inspection genitalia and genitalia tract
2) Facilitate the entry of vaginal speculum
c. Indication
1) For pregnant women
2) for childbirth
 3) For women who want to put contraceptives
d. Konraindikasi
1). In severe arthritis client
e. Ways of working
1) The patient is lying on his back, then lift both thighs and pull it toward the
stomach
2) Lower legs form a 90 degree angle to the thigh
3) Place the knee / leg on a special bed for the position lithotomic
4) Replace the covers
7. Genu position pectrocal / Knee chest

a. Definition
In this position menungging patients with both legs bent and chest pads
attached to the bed. This position is done to examine the rectum and sigmoid
area.
b. Aim
Facilitate the examination area rectum, sigmoid, and vagina.
c. Indication
1) patients hemorrhoid
2) Examination and treatment area of the rectum, sigmoid and vagina.
d. Kontraidikasi
1). Clients with arthritis or joint deformity
e. Ways of working
1) Instruct the patient to menungging position with both legs bent and chest
mencmpel on the mattress of the bed.
2) Attach a blanket on the patient.
8. position orthopeneic
 a. Definition
Position the patient sits with resting his head on a cross section parallel
to the chest, such as on a table.
b. Aim
Facilitate lung expansion for patients with extreme breathing
difficulties and can not sleep on your back or head position can only be on a
moderate elevation.
c. Indication
Patients with severe claustrophobic and could not sleep on their backs.

9. supination

a. Definition
Supine position with the patient leaned back so that the same basic
body with a good standing alignment.
b. Aim
Improves patient comfort and facilitate healing, especially in surgery
patients or in certain anesthesia process.
c. Indication
1) Patients with post-anesthetic action or specific penbedahan
2) Patients with very weak or comatose condition.
d. contraindications
 1) Not recommended for people who have problems in the cervical region or
the lumbar spine
e. Ways of working
1) Explaining the procedures and implementation goals
2) Washing hands
3) Client's head and back were on the bed with a pillow under your head
4) Feet extended on the bed with a pillow under your head
5) Make the bed
6) Washing hands
10. prone position

a. Definition
Patients sleep in prone position Lying with his face to the pillow.
b. Aim
1) Providing maximum extension at the knee and hip joints
2) Prevent flexion contractures at the hips and knees.
c. Indication
1) Patients undergoing oral surgery and esophagus
2) Patients with checks on the buttocks or back area.
d. contraindications
1) On the clients who have heart or respiratory problems because it will lead to
weakness and limitation of chest expansion.
e. Ways of working
1) Explaining the procedures and implementation goals
2) Washing hands
3) Adjust the height of the bed
4) Body laid in bed next section is located on the surface of the bed Gated
 5) Put a pillow under your head to face towards the head of the bed or
sideways with his head above the ears
6) Put a pillow under the stomach place at the diaphragm
7) Put a pillow under the angle of the foot so that the toes are not touching the
bed
8) Turndown dank lien
9) Washing hands

11. lateral position

a. Definition
Tilted position in which the patient leans sideways with most of the
weight is located in the hip and shoulder.
b. Aim
1) Maintaining body aligement
2) Reduce complications of immobilization
3) Meningkankan sense of comfort
4) Reduce the likelihood of persistent pressure on the body due to sedentary
position.
c. Indication
1) Patients who want to rest
2) Patients who want to sleep
3) Patients who fowler or dorsal recumbent position in a long position
4) Patients who experience weakness and postoperatively.
d. contraindications
1) On the client experiencing breathing problems
e. Ways of working
1) Explaining the procedures and implementation goals
2) Washing hands
3) Faced body laterally by putting a pillow on the bottom of the head
4) The lower and upper arm flexion close to the bed and the position away
from the bed and put a pillow under the upper arm
5) Thighs and legs flexed with the upper part propped on a pillow (put a pillow
under the legs), shoulders and hips should be straightened
6) Make the bed
7) Washing hands
 CHAPTER III
COVER
A. Conclusion
Based on the results of the problem and the results of the above discussion, it
can be concluded that the posturing or organize and change the position of the patient
is set in a good position and change regularly and systematically. It is important to do
because to ease the burden on the patient and prevent complications liannya.
B. Suggestion
This paper covers only material needs sesuia patient positioning adjustments
and still require other references in preparing the paper and the task.
 REFERENCES

Hidayat, Alimul Aziz, 2010. The basic skills for the clinical practice of
obstetrics. Salemba Medika: Jakarta
Derliana, Devi, 2014. The need for nursing faculty activities and mobilization
of Syiah Kuala University. Banda Aceh, et al.