Highway Compaction

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION TO HIGHWAY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

LABOTATORY
COURSE CODE BNP 20303
EXPERIMENT CODE EXPERIMENT
EXPERIMENT TITLE COMPACTION
DATE 1 OCTOBER 2019
GROUP NO. 4
(1) PUAN NOOR KHAZANAH BINTI A RAHMAN

LECTURER/ INSTRUCTOR
(2) Ts. NUR FAEZAH BINTI YAHYA
DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION 22 OCTOBER 2019
RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP
COMMENTS:
TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC

ASSESSMENT)
STUDENT CODE OF ETHICS
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
I hereby declare that I have prepared this report with my own efforts. I also admit to not accept
or provide any assistance in preparing this report and anything that is in it is true .
1) Group Leader (Signature)

Name : FAZEERUL BIN M.SUOFIAN
Matrix No. : CN170045
2) Group Member 1 (Signature)

Name : NURUL FAZILAH BINTI AB ZAIL
Matrix No : AN170179

Name : KHAIRUL NIZAM BIN JATJO
Matrix No. : AN170081

Name : MUHAMAD NADJMI BIN MD NASIR

Name : SITI NURHALIZA BINTI ROSLI
FACULTY : ENGINEERING
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TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
EXPERIMENT: CALIFORNIA EFFECTIVE DATE: OCT. 2019
BEARING RATIO TEST AMENDMENT DATE: OCT. 2019
1.0 OBJECTIVES
This experiment was made to determine the CBR value of the given crushed aggregate soil sample
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES
 Measure dry unit weight of compacted aggregate under different moisture content
 Measure and plot the load vs settlement
 Determine the CBR value
3.0 INTRODUCTION
The test is an observational experiment that demonstrates how high a soil's shear is. The main advantage
of this experiment is that the output is comparatively easy and thanks to its wide use world-wide, a large
amount of data is available to help interpret the results. The CBR experiment is basically a laboratory test,
but in some situations the test is conducted on the surface
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) was developed by California division of highways as a method of
classifying and evaluating soil-sub-grade and base course materials for flexible pavements. The CBR test
is currently used in pavement design for both roads and airfield pavement. In some methods CBR is used
directly and in some others, it is converted to Resilient Modulus MR using the following relationships.
MR = 1500 x CBR (ibs/in2)
MR = 10340 x CBR (Kpa)
The CBR is usually base on the load ratio for the penetration of 2-5mm. If the CBR value at the penetration
of 5.0 mm is larger, the test should be repeated. If a second test yields a larger value of CBR at 5.0 mm
penetration then this larger value should be adopted. The CBR test are usually made on test specimens at
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optimum moisture content (OMC) for the crushed aggregate/soil as determined from modified
compaction test.
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4.0 EQUIPMENT
No. Name Description Picture

1. CBR equipment -152.4 mm diameter
-178 mm height
-An extension collar of a

diameter 51 mm
-spacer disk of 150.8mm
diameter
-61.4 mm height.
2. Mechanical -50.8 mm die

compaction
-2.49 kg
rammer
-capable of free fall of
305 mm.
3. Surcharge weight -simulate the effect of

overlaying pavement
weight.
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4. CBR machine -A compression machine
-can operate at a constant

rate of 1.3mm/min
-A metal piston of
1935mm2 is attached to
it.
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5.0 PROCEDURE
1. The representative crushed aggregate/soil sample was sieved through 20 mm sieve. About 5 kg of
crushed aggregate/soil is taken and mixed with optimum moisture content (OMC).
2. The mould was clamped to the base plate, the extension was attached to the collar and weighted. The
spacer disk was inserted into the mould and place a coarse filter paper on the top of the disk.
Figure 4.1
3. The aggregate /soil water mixture was compacted into the world in 3 equal layers to give a height of
127 mm each layer compacted in the 10 blows, 30 blows and 65 blows for each sample.
Figure 4.2
4. The water content of the crushed aggregate /soil mixture was determined.
5. The extension collar was removed, and using on straight edge, the compacted crushed aggregate/soil
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was trimmed even with the top of the mould surface. The spacer disk and weight the mould with sample
was removed.
Figure 4.3
6. The mould was placed with crushed aggregate/soil on the CBR machine and the surcharge weight seat
the penetration piston was placed, the dial gauges for load and penetration was set.
Figure 4.4
7. The loads applied to the penetration piston at the rate of 1.27mm/min and the load at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0,
2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0mm penetration was recorded respectively.
Figure 4.5
8. Then the soil sample was took a little and was put in a container for each sample of 10, 30 and 60 blow.
The container was put into the oven for 24 hours. The moisture content was recorded.
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Figure 4.6
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6.0 RESULTS CALCULATION
TYPE OF SAMPLE: Unsoaked sample

OMC: 6.2%
yd max: 2.450 g/cm3
Sample 1 2 3
No. of Blows 10 30 65
Empty wt. of mould, W1 (g) 4710.10 4542.10 4653.70
Weight of mould + wet sample, W2 (g) 9551.10 9559.70 9791.40
Volume of sample, V (cm3) 2286.37 2286.37 2286.37
𝑽 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉
H=12.6cm
D=15.2cm
Wet density, γ (g/cm3) 2.11 2.19 2.24

𝑾𝟐−𝑾𝟏
𝜸= 𝑽
Can no. 1 2 3
Weight of empty can, A (g) 46.80 40.60 48.80
Weight of can + wet sample, B (g) 118.10 144.70 124.60
Weight of can + dry sample, C (g) 113.20 137.60 119.40
Water content, (%) 7.38 7.32 7.37
W = [ (B - C) ÷ (C - A)] × 100
Dry density, γd (g/cm3) 1.96 2.04 2.09

𝜸
𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏+𝒘
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Calculation: Sample 1
Volume of sample
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝐻
𝑉 = 𝜋(7.62 )(12.6)
𝑉 = 2286.37cm3
Wet density, γ
(W2−W1)
γ= V
(9551.10−4710.10)
γ= 2286.37
γ = 2.11 g/cm3
Water content,w
Weight of empty can, A (g) = 46.80
Weight of can + wet sample, B (g) = 118.10
Weight of can + dry sample, C (g) = 113.20
(𝐵−𝐶)
𝑊 = ((𝐶−𝐴)) × 100
(118.10−113.20)
𝑊 = ( (113.20−46.80) ) × 100
𝑊 = 7.38%
Dry density, γd
γ
γd = 1+w
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2.11
γd = 1+0.0738
γd = 1.96g/𝑐𝑚3
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Table 6(a): CBR Test – Penetration of piston at the rate 1.27mm/min
Penetration Load
(mm) Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Div. (KN) Corrected Div. (KN) Corrected Div. (KN) Corrected
0.0 0.328 - 0.014 - 0.044 -
1.0 1.032 - 0.028 - 0.286 -
1.5 1.288 - 0.034 - 0.494 -
2.0 2.130 - 0.056 - 0.708 -
2.5 2.684 - 0.086 - 0.968 -
3.0 2.854 - 0.128 - 1.262 -
3.5 3.326 - 0.182 - 1.686 -
4.0 3.484 - 0.250 - 2.174 -
4.5 4.080 - 0.350 - 2.662 -
5.0 4.508 - 0.472 - 3.450 -
5.5 5.032 - 0.646 - 4.350 -
6.0 5.514 - 0.830 - 5.302 -
6.5 5.936 - 1.086 - 6.386 -
7.0 6.236 - 1.376 - 7.754 -
8.0 6.926 - 2.206 - 10.694 -
9.0 7.524 - 2.904 - 14.354 -
10.0 8.368 - 4.484 - 18.162 -
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LOAD VS PENETRATION GRAPH

Sample 1 Div. (KN) Sample 2 Div. (KN) Sample 3Div. (KN)
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18
16
14
12
LOAD (KN)
10
0
0 2.5mm
2 4 5mm 6 8 10 12
PENETRATION (MM)
Figure 6(b): Plot of load versus penetration graph.
Based on the plotted graph as shown above, sample number 3 with 65 blows of compaction for each three layer
has a significant increasing value of load at every penetration followed by the sample number 1 with 10 blows.
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The sample number 2 with the compaction blows of 30 times has a minor increasing value of load at every
penetration because the experiment was subjected to some error while conducting. Every sample at penetration
of 2.5mm and 5.0mm are taking their standard load value respectively to calculate their CBR values as shown
in table 6(c).
Calculation: CBR Value
𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠

𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 100
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠
Standard load at 2.5mm is taken 13.2kN and at 5.0mm it is on 20kN
Table 6(c): Calculation for CBR value at penetration of 2.5mm and 5.0mm
Sample Standard load at 2.5mm Standard load at 5.0mm

No.
1 2.684𝑘𝑁 4.508𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 100 𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 100
13.2𝑘𝑁 20𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 20.33% 𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 22.54%
2 0.086𝑘𝑁 0.472𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 100 𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 100
13.2𝑘𝑁 20𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 0.65% 𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 2.36%
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3 0.968𝑘𝑁 3.450𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 100 𝐶𝐵𝑅 = × 100
13.2𝑘𝑁 20𝑘𝑁
𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 7.33% 𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 17.25%
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CBR= 15.3%
95%
ydmax
Figure 6 (a): Plot of CBR versus dry density at the penetration of 5mm
The value of maximum dry density, yd max obtained from the compaction test was 2.450g/cm3 with an optimum
moisture content, OMC of 6.2%. An analysis for CBR value was conducted through the plotted graph of CBR
versus dry density and the CBR value for the experiment is determine at 95 of maximum dry density which is
2.328g/cm3. Based on the plotted graph, the value for CBR in this experiment is 15.3%
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7.0 DISCUSSION
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) was developed by California division of highways
as a method of classifying and evaluating soil-sub-grade and base course materials for
flexible pavements. The CBR test is currently used in pavement design for both roads and
airfield pavement. During the test, the CBR value corresponding to the number of impact
blow which sample 1 for 10 blows, sample 2 for 30 blows and sample 3 for 65 blows. Other
that, cumulative energy and the effect of falling height were obtained, recorded and
analyzed. It is intended to be able for the presence of a set of results from this study to
observe the effect of various variables in the soil CBR values in the mold compaction. The
calculation of the CBR value for the correction of the water content, the size of the mold
and the stress of the load surcharge for the rapid impact compaction test has not yet been
carried out. To determine the CBR value of the given crushed aggregates sample, must
measure dry unit weight of compacted aggregate under different moisture content.
According to the result of the graph, the plotted graph not smoothly plotted. So the
adjustment of the graph should be done to get a accurate result. In addition, our experimental
CBR value is 15.3% which is difference with standard CBR value. In the gravelly soils,
more than 50% of the coarse fraction has a particle size larger than 4.75 mm. The standard
CBR values of gravelly soils from 30
or more when compacted to 95% of the maximum dry density determined in the B.S 1377
Compaction Test. Based on the plotted graph of load vs penetration above, for each three
layers sample number 3 with 65 compaction blows has a significant increase in load quality
at each penetration followed by sample number 1 with 10 blows. The number 2 test with the
30 times compaction bumps has a lower rise in load at each penetration since the experiment
may be conducted due to some error.
Next, we need to avoid from errors due to make sure the test that we performed reach
the purpose. The precaution that we take, must check the electric connection of the sieve
shaker before conducting the test. Next, while weighing, put the sieve with soil sample
EDITION: 02
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LABORATORY: CIVIL
REVISION NO: 01
EXPERIMENT: COMPACTION EFFECTIVE DATE: OCT. 2019
AMENDMENT DATE: OCT. 2019
on the balance in a concentric position and after sieving, clean the sieves with the help of
a brush. Next, Air void appears in the soil in realistic, honestly, the volume of the air void
cannot be neglected. No matter how the compaction is perfect, the air void still exists.
Moreover, the size of the aggregates is different, the gap between the aggregate becomes
void. Therefore, the effect of the air void in the experiment cannot be determined correctly
and hence affects the result.
Chemical composition of aggregate to the soil since there is mineral contains in the soil,
for such quartz, plagioclase, microcline these minerals are relatively stiffer than others. Then,
the stiffness and the strength of the soil will change. It is chemical composition of the
aggregate to the soil that cannot be determined. Thus, the result is affected.
Visual error of getting results here may be mistakes to have an incorrect data. As the
gauge reading is changing every second, the reaction time of human may lead the mistaken of
the experiment result.
Lastly, not smooth surface of the soil the CBR value is measured the penetration of
plunger and the load that is recorded. Also, the compaction of the soil should be exactly
perpendicular to the soil surface to ensure the compaction is satisfied. As the surface of
the soil is not smooth or irregular in shape, the penetration of the soil cannot be recorded
correctly and hence affects the result.
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8.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusion, the CBR value of the given crushed aggregate sample is 15.3%. The CBR
test is one of the most widely used methods for determining the strength of a sub-grade surface,
sub-base, and level course material for road and airfield pavement thickness construction. The
California bearing ratio test is a penetration test designed to assess roads and pavements '
subgrade strength. The results obtained from these tests can used to determine the thickness of
the pavement and its component layers using the empirical curves. This is the most commonly
used approach of dynamic pavement development.
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1.0 OBJECTIVES
 To determine the optimal moisture content (OMC) at which the soil sample can reach
its maximum dry density (MDD) in accordance.
 Determine the relationship between dry density and moisture content.
 Determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density.
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Soil compaction is the process that particles are mechanically compacted to increase density.
For each soil type, amount and type of compaction is given, there is an optimum moisture will
produce soil particle that are once and the maximum dry density.
In the construction of high load structures such as dams, paved roadways and construction
projects that rely on the stability of embankments; soil compaction is used to increase soil
strength. Loose soil can be compacted by using mechanical equipment to remove air-voids,
thereby densifying the soil and increasing its dry unit weight.
There are variety of different benefits to soil compaction, including prevention of soil
settlement and frost damage, increased ground stability, reduced hydraulic conductivity and
mitigating undesirable settlement of structures, such as paved roads, foundations and piping.
Figure 1, all material behaves slightly different and each material will have different MDD and
OMC values, depending on their particle size distribution, particle density and plasticity
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The three points shown in Figure 1 on the compaction curve are the individual points
compacted in the laboratory. A minimum of three points are required to produce a viable curve
and these points must straddle the peak of the curve.
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3.0 EQUIPMENT
Apparatus and Instrument Figure
Rammer
Mold body, extension collar and base plate
C-Spanner
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Straight edge
Base plate
Measuring cylinder
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Can
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4.0 PROCEDURE
1. The mould was weight with base plate.
Figure 4.1
2. The representative crushed aggregate/soil sample was sieve by used 20mm sieve. About
12 kg of soil were weighted and poured on the metal tray.
3. The sample was mix with 6% and 7% of moisture content, then dived the sample into
3 part.
Figure 4.2
4. The mould was prepared with extension collar, placed the sample into the mould and
compact it with 65 blows for each layer (3 layer).
Figure 4.3
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5. The extension was removed and by used straight edge carefully trim the compacted
crushed aggregate and weight the mould and wet soil.
Figure 4.4
6. After that, sample was removed from the mould and take the representative sample (not
less than 100g), weight the sample with can and put into the oven (24 hour) it is for
determine the moisture content.
Figure 4.5
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5.0 CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS
A. TEST CRITERIA
No. of layer :3 Rammer mass: 5.0 kg Soil Description:
Blows per layer: 65 Sample preparation: Sample No.:

Air dried and riffled
B. DENSITY, γ CALCULATION
Can No. Z 1 2 3 4
Weight of 4312.2 4649.8 4681.6 4589.9 4742.0

empty mould,
W1 (g)
Weight of 7630.8 9977.5 10115.3 9953.8 10065.6
mould + wet
sample, W2 (g)
Volume of 2292.2 2109.0 2109.0 2334.9 2322.7
mould, V
𝑽 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐 𝒉
(cm3)
Wet density, γ 1.448 2.526 2.576 2.297 2.292
(g/cm3)
𝑾𝟐−𝑾𝟏
𝜸= 𝑽
Dry density, γd 1.383 2.385 2.419 2.133 2.107
(g/cm3)
𝜸
𝜸𝒅 = 𝟏+𝒘
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C. MOISTURE CONTENT, w
Can No. Z 1 2 3 4
Weight of 39.8 44.7 46.7 44.9 46.4

empty can, A
(g)
Weight of can 136.1 162.1 179.5 139.0 200.3
+ wet sample, B
(g)
Weight of can 131.8 155.6 171.4 132.3 187.9
+ dry sample,
C (g)
Moisture 4.7 5.9 6.5 7.7 8.8
content, w (%)
D. CALCULATION: SAMPLE Z
Wet Density, γ
Weight of empty mould, W1 = 4312.2g
Weight of mould + wet sample, W2 = 7630.8g
Volume of mould, V = 2292.2cm3
(W2−W1)
γ= V
(7630.8−4312.2)
γ= 2292.2
γ = 1.448 g/cm3
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Water Content, w
Weight of empty can, A = 39.8g
Weight of can + wet sample, B = 136.1g
Weight of can + dry sample, C = 131.8g
(𝐵−𝐶)
𝑊 = ((𝐶−𝐴)) × 100
(136.1−131.8)
𝑊 = ( (131.8−39.8) ) × 100
𝑊 = 4.7%
Dry Density, γd
γ
γd = 1+w
1.448
γd = 1+0.047
γd = 1.383g/𝑐𝑚3
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Dry density, γd
(g/cm3) vs. water content (%) graph
2.5 yd max=2.450g/cm3 2.385 2.419
2.133 2.107
2
Dry density, γd (g/cm3)
1.5 1.383
0.5
OMC= 6.2%
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Water content (%)
Figure 6.0: Plot of dry density versus water content graph.
Based on the plotted graph above, the maximum peak point of the obtained soil compaction
curve which is called as the maximum value of dry density is 2.450g/cm3. The correspond to
this point is the optimum moisture content value which is 6.2%.
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6.0 DISCUSSION
Compaction is the process of mechanically densifying a soil. Densification is

accomplished by pressing the soil particles together into a close state of contact with air being
expelled from the soil mass in the process. Mechanical compaction is one of the most common
and cost-effective means of stabilizing soils. Mechanical compaction implies dynamic
compaction or densification by the application of moving loads to the soil mass.
Soil compaction is one of the most critical components in the construction of roads,
airfields, embankments, and foundations. The durability and stability of a structure are related
to the achievement of proper soil compaction.
Principal soil properties affected by compaction include
 Strength
 Resistance to shrinkage
 Settlement.
 Shearing resistance.
 Movement of water.
 Volume change.
Normal soils consist with a large portion of air pockets. That’s the reason why it’s
capable to compact soil. While compaction air is taken out hence the density of soil is increased.
But due to the various shapes of soil particles it is impossible to take out all the air inside.
Therefore, we introduce moisture to the system. Moisture can go through the air pockets and
fill the voids. And in the meanwhile, it allows soil particles to move more flexibly. So a good
compaction level can be achieved.
If we add moisture little by little and check the dry density, we can see a decreasing
increment. On one occasion all the voids fill with moisture. If we keep adding moisture after
that also what happen is moisture try to displace soil particles. But soil particles are far denser
than water particles. Therefore, with adding excessive water amount we can see a gradual
decrement of dry density. So, at particular moisture content we can obtain the maximum dry
density.
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The optimum water content is the water content that results in the greatest density for a
specified compactive effort. Based on the plotted graph above, the maximum peak point of
the obtained soil compaction curve which is called as the maximum value of dry density is
2.450g/cm3. The correspond to this point is the optimum moisture content value which is 6.2%
Compacting at water contents higher than the optimum water content results in a
relatively dispersed soil structure that is weaker, more ductile, less porous, softer, more
susceptible to shrinking, and less susceptible to swelling than soil compacted dry of optimum
to the same density. The soil compacted lower than the optimum water content typically results
in a flocculated soil structure (random particle orientations) that has the opposite characteristics
of the soil compacted wet of the optimum water content to the same density. It is said that the
compaction level achieved by the proctor test is somewhat similar to the compaction levels of
construction sites under medium sized rollers.
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7.0 CONCLUSION
Conclusion, the optimum moisture content (OMC) and the maximum dry density of the
given crushed aggregate sample using modified proctor compaction test are 6.2 % and 2.450
g/cm³ respectively. The compaction of the soil is an important process as it helps to achieve
certain physical properties required for its proper behaviour under loading, such as the proper
compaction of an earthen dam or a highway embankment, reduces the chances of settling,
increases the shear strength of the soil due to its increased density and reduces the permeability
of the soil.
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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO HIGHWAY ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE BNP 20303

EXPERIMENT CODE EXPERIMENT

EXPERIMENT TITLE COMPACTION

DATE 1 OCTOBER 2019

(1) PUAN NOOR KHAZANAH BINTI A RAHMAN

DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION 22 OCTOBER 2019

RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP

TOTAL MARK (FROM RUBRIC

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

1) Group Leader (Signature)

2) Group Member 1 (Signature)

3) Group Member 2 (Signature)

4) Group Member 3 (Signature)

5) Group Member 4 (Signature)

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

MR = 1500 x CBR (ibs/in2)

MR = 10340 x CBR (Kpa)

No. Name Description Picture

-An extension collar of a

2. Mechanical -50.8 mm die

3. Surcharge weight -simulate the effect of

4. CBR machine -A compression machine

-can operate at a constant

6.0 RESULTS CALCULATION

TYPE OF SAMPLE: Unsoaked sample

Empty wt. of mould, W1 (g) 4710.10 4542.10 4653.70

Weight of mould + wet sample, W2 (g) 9551.10 9559.70 9791.40

Volume of sample, V (cm3) 2286.37 2286.37 2286.37

Wet density, γ (g/cm3) 2.11 2.19 2.24

Weight of empty can, A (g) 46.80 40.60 48.80

Weight of can + wet sample, B (g) 118.10 144.70 124.60

Weight of can + dry sample, C (g) 113.20 137.60 119.40

Water content, (%) 7.38 7.32 7.37

Dry density, γd (g/cm3) 1.96 2.04 2.09

Weight of empty can, A (g) = 46.80

Weight of can + wet sample, B (g) = 118.10

Weight of can + dry sample, C (g) = 113.20

Table 6(a): CBR Test – Penetration of piston at the rate 1.27mm/min

1.0 1.032 - 0.028 - 0.286 -

1.5 1.288 - 0.034 - 0.494 -

2.0 2.130 - 0.056 - 0.708 -

2.5 2.684 - 0.086 - 0.968 -

3.0 2.854 - 0.128 - 1.262 -

3.5 3.326 - 0.182 - 1.686 -

4.0 3.484 - 0.250 - 2.174 -

4.5 4.080 - 0.350 - 2.662 -

5.0 4.508 - 0.472 - 3.450 -

5.5 5.032 - 0.646 - 4.350 -

6.0 5.514 - 0.830 - 5.302 -

6.5 5.936 - 1.086 - 6.386 -

7.0 6.236 - 1.376 - 7.754 -

8.0 6.926 - 2.206 - 10.694 -

9.0 7.524 - 2.904 - 14.354 -

10.0 8.368 - 4.484 - 18.162 -

LOAD VS PENETRATION GRAPH

Figure 6(b): Plot of load versus penetration graph.

Calculation: CBR Value

𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠

Standard load at 2.5mm is taken 13.2kN and at 5.0mm it is on 20kN

Sample Standard load at 2.5mm Standard load at 5.0mm

Apparatus and Instrument Figure