Performance Analysis on Transmission Line

for Improvement of Load Flow

YaMinSuHlaing
Department of Electrical Power Engineering
Mandalay Technological University, Mandalay, Myanmar
Yaminsuhlaing.yso@gmail.com
Aung Zaya
Department of Electrical Power Engineering
Technological University (Moneywa), Moneywa, Myanmar
@gmail.com

Abstract- In this paper, load flow analysis
program has been developed using
Newton-Raphson algorithm for the
solution of power flow problems. The
transmission line under unloaded and
loaded conditions is compensated using
capacitor banks in order to increase line
loadability and to get the optimum voltage
level at weak voltage buses. The system
performance is tested under steady-state
condition. The line parameters and
performance have been calculated by
using several MATLAB functions. This
paper investigates and improves the
steady–state operation of Myanma Power
System Network.
Keywords- Line Compensation, Load flow,
Myanma Power System Network, Newton-
Raphson method, steady-state operating
condition,
I. INTRODUCTION
Load flow analysis is the most
important and essential approach to
investigating problems in power system
operating and planning. Based on a specified
generating state and transmission network
structure, load flow analysis solves the
steady operation state with node voltages and
branch power flow in the power system.
Load flow analysis can provide a balanced
steady operation state of the power system,
without considering system transient
processes. Load flow studies are performed
using digital computer simulation. These
address operation, planning, running, and
development of control strategies.
In this paper, it has investigated the
power flow over power transmission lines,
which is somewhat distinct and a problem by
itself. The characteristics and performance of
transmission lines can vary over wide limits,
mainly dependent on their system.
Maintaining an acceptable voltage profile at
various buses with varying power flow is a
major problem. This paper deal with
representation and performance of
transmission lines under normal operating
conditions. Transmission lines are
represented by an equivalent model with
appropriate circuit parameters on a
“perphase” basis. The terminal voltage is
expressed from one line to neutral, the
current for one phase and, thus, the
threephase system is reduced to an
equivalent single-phase system. The model
used to calculate voltages, currents, and
power flows depends on the length of the
line. The circuit parameters and voltage and
current relations can be developed for
“short”, “medium” and “long” lines. In this
paper, the medium line between two weak
voltage buses is compensated. Problems
relating to the regulation and losses of lines
and their operation under conditions of fixed
terminal voltages are considered.

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Ya Min Su Hlaing and Aung Zaya

II. POWER FLOW SOLUTION OF the shunt capacitance must be considered.

NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD Lines above 80km (50miles) and below
250km (150 miles) in length are termed as
The Newton-Raphson method is
medium length lines. For medium length
powerful method of solving non-linear
lines, half of the shunt capacitance may be
algebraic equations. The fundamental
considered to be lumped at each end of the
Newton-Raphson expression allows for
line. This is referred to as the nominal model
convergence to be assessed by comparing
and is shown in Fig.1. Z is the total series
power mismatches (Δs) against a
impedance of the line and Y is the total shunt
prespecified tolerance rather than voltage
admittance of the line given by
comparisons.

Under normal conditions, the shunt

conductance per unit length, which
represents the leakage current over the
insulators and due to corona, is negligible
and g is assumed to be zero. C is the line to
neutral capacitance per km, and l is the line
length. The sending end voltage and current
for the nominal model are obtained as
follows:

Fig. 1 Nominal model for medium length

Equation (3) is in a suitable form for From Kirchhoff”s law, the current in
partial differentiation to derive the elements the series impedance designated by IL is
of the Jacobian

The power mismatch equation is

It is more efficient in programming

terms

A simplified flowchart for Newton-

Raphson method is shown in Fig.2.

III. MEDIUM LINE MODEL In general, ABCD constants are

As the length of line increases, the complex and since the model is a
line charging current comes appreciable and symmetrical twoport network, A=D.

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 Performance Analysis on Transmission Line for Improvement of Load Flow

Furthermore,since it is dealing with a linear A. Myanma Power System Network

passive, bilateral twoport network, the The Newton-Raphson method is
determinant of the transmission matrix is applied to the solution of practical system
unity, using the developed software modules. The
network of Myanma electric power system is
used as the reference case. The reference
The receiving end quantities can be
system is assumed to be operation under
expressed in terms of the sending end
balance condition and is represented by a
quantities by
singlephase network. The system network
contains 90 buses and 108 branches with
impedances specified in per unit on
100MVA system base specified generators,
transformers and transmission lines and line
to line voltage of 230 kV as bases.
B. Simulation Results of Line Performance
Program
Based on the above procedure, the
bus of Lawpita Hydro Power Station (Bus 1)
which its voltage is specified as 1.05 pu,
is taking as slack bus and the input data for
power flow program represents the load and
generation of January 8 to 11, 2011. Line
data, load data, voltage magnitude and
reactive power limits for the regulated buses
of the power system network are considered
on 100MVA, 230kV base. Figs (3, 4, 5 and
6) are test results of simulation for the
medium transmission line from Kyunchaung
station (bus 18) to Nyaungbin substation
(bus 17). According to the results of load
flow simulation, the voltage levels in
Monywa (bus 16) and Nyaungbingyi (bus
17) substations are lower than specified
lower voltage level range 0.95 pu. So the
voltage levels in both substations are
required to improve for proper system
operation. Nyaungbingyi substation (bus 17)
is supplied by Kyunchaung Gas Turbine (bus
18). In this paper, the transmission line from
Fig. 2 Flow chart for Newton-Raphson method bus 18(sending end) to bus 17(receiving end)
is compensated to improve voltage level for
proper system operation and is the medium
IV. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON transmission line (148.2km and also 132kV
TRANSMISSION LINE FOR line).
IMPORVENEMT OF LOAD FLOW
STUDY Table I shows simulation results of
line performance program. In this table,
A configuration of Myanma Power required shunt and series capacitor ranges
System network is shown in Appendix are obtained by simulink.
[MEPE].

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Ya Min Su Hlaing and Aung Zaya

Fig.3 is bar chart of voltage level for

the uncompensated and uncompensated
under full load condition.
The voltage profile for the
uncompensated and compensated under
unloaded condition is described in Fig.4.
Fig.5 shows the receiving end power
circle diagram. The locus of all points
obtained by plotting QR versus PR for fixed
line voltages and varying load angle is a
circle known as the receiving end power Fig. 4 Compensated and Uncompensated voltage
circle diagram. A family of such circles with profile of open-ended line
fixed receiving end voltage and varying
sending end voltage is extremely useful in
assessing the performance characteristics of
the transmission line.
Fig.6 describes the voltage profile for
various load conditions for the following
case: open - ended line, line terminated in
SIL, short-circuit line, and full-load line.
Fig. 7 expresses the line loadability
and thermal limit curve for medium
Fig. 5 Receiving end power circle diagram
transmission line. For medium line, the
thermal limit dictates the maximum power
transfer.
TABLE I
LINE PERFORMANCE RESULTS

Fig. 6 Voltage profile for various load conditions

Fig. 3 Voltage profile for full load condition

Fig. 7 Line loadability curve

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 Performance Analysis on Transmission Line for Improvement of Load Flow
V. CONCLUSIONS
By analysing load flow, it can be
found that the system has the weak voltage
points in some buses. . Bus 16, 17, 85 and 86
have the most weak bus voltages. From this
analysis, it can determine voltage levels to
get acceptable level, how to implement the
voltage control using appropriate methods, to
obtain optimum value of the required
reactive compensation from simulation. In
this paper, the medium transmission line
between bus 18 and bus 17 was compensated
by using MATLAB program software. The
transmission line was compensated with
series and shunt capacitors to improve
transient and steady-state stability, more
economical loading, and minimum voltage
dip on load buses and to supply the requisite
reactive power to maintain the receiving end
voltage at a satisfactory level. The test
results with the voltage profile and loading
conditions can be seen in Figs (3, 4, 5, 6 and
7). Line performance results of capacitor
banks were described in Table I. By
compensating the transmission line, it
provides the improvement of transmission
line efficiency and gives minimum losses
and acceptable voltage level. The input data
is taken from Load Dispatch Centre Myanma
Electric Power Enterprise (MEPE) so that
the results can be used effectively in
planning and operation of power system in
Myanmar.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Firstly, the author would like to thank
her parents for their best wish to join the
Ph.D course at Mandalay Technological
University. The author is deeply grateful to
Excellency General Aye Myint, Minister,
Ministry of Science and Technology for
allowing her to attend the Ph.D Engineering
Course at Mandalay Technological
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University. The author wishes to express her
thanks to Dr. Mya Mya Oo, Rector,
Mandalay Technological University for her
guidance and advice. The author would like
to express her gratitude to Dr.Aung Zaya,
Head of Department of Electrical Power
Engineering and to all her teachers from
MTU. The author greatly expresses her
thanks to all persons whom will concern to
support in preparing this paper.
REFERENCES
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[4] P.S.R Murthy, “Power System Analysis”,
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& Dean, Faculty of Engineering,O.U.Hydersbad,
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[5] James L. Kirtley, “Electric Power System”,
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[6] G.W.Stagg, El-Abiad and H.Ahmed, “Computer
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[7] Hadi Saadat. 1999. Power System Analysis.
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[8] J. Arrillage, C. P. Arnold and B.J. Harker.1983.
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[9] D.Lukman., Blackburn and T.R, Modified
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[10] J. Penny and Lindfield, G. 1995. Numerical
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Ya Min Su Hlaing and Aung Zaya

APPENDIX

Fig. A The Configuration of Myanma Power System Network

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