BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.

“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

Chapter 3.2 Programmatic Concept

Considera Goals Facts Concepts Needs Problems

-tions
Function

People To provide Most Integrate Ergonomi-

employees employees versatile cally
with office are neither workspace designed
spaces satisfied or / work furniture
that would dissatisfied environme to
help with in their nt that enhance There is
workflow working meets the user inconvenie
efficiency. environme- needs of comfort. ncy in
nt. employees terms of
/ staff. work and
meeting
Activities To Most For the appropri- coordinati
centralize divisions of convenie- ate areas on with
the MGB- MGB-CAR nce of staff of work, DENR-CAR
CAR and are and clients taking and MGB-
DENR-CAR separated / visitors, into CAR.
offices. to different adjacent account
buildings. offices that the
To improve carry out nature of
the the same work and
employees tasks are to activities.
working each
environme other.
nt.

Accessibili To provide The current Easy Provide

ty easy lot is pedestrian access to
access to accessible and the lot
the office only going vehicular with a
building for through access road and
employees and going in pedestria
/ staff, behind the and out of n access.
pedestrians DENR-CAR the lot.
and building.
vehicles.

Form

Site To locate The site is The

potential adjacent building's The

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

points on to orientation location of

the site for governme which the DENR-
entry and nt owned occupies CAR and
exit. buildings / the site MGB-CAR
facilities must be are distant
and well used from each
residential for other.
buildings. sustainabilit
y Workspace
The lot is s are
situated in lacking for
an the
elevated employees
parcel of the current
land. office
workspace
To take Integrate a Storage environme
Environm advantage one-stop- area like nt of MGB-
ent of good shop shelves CAR
vistas from approach and file
the site as well as cabinets.
and passive
existing and
vegetation sustainable
if possible. design in
the office
building.

To Design The design Workspace Desk

Quality an office of the /workstatio office
that meets MGB-CAR n that furniture
staff / is of old provides that is
workers materials. comfort equipped
and and needs with
clients/ of the storages.
visitor’s employees
needs. /staffs.
Economy
Design of Maximize Designing Some work
exterior the use of an spaces are
and interior daylighting environ- prone to
space that and ment in inade-
meets users natural which the quate
' needs ventilation. employee workspace
/staffs because of
Integrate and the lay-out

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

materials visitors of the

that fits the can be as office.
needs of safe as
the users. possible.
Time
The office The MGB- Make use Office slow
building CAR and of a one- spaces communic
design the DENR- stop-shop that ation
must satisfy CAR for the adapts to between
the users facilities divisions of future offices
and their are MGB-CAR changes. because of
needs. currently distance of
distant the
to reduce from each facilities.
waiting other in
times and location
improve
services of
the DENR-
CAR
facilities.
3.2 Considerations
3.2.1 Form
3.2.1.1 Site
The site is located at Pacdal, Baguio City and it is within a
suitable location for the construction of the MGB-CAR office building
because it is within the location of DENR-CAR. According to the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan of Baguio City, the site is under an
institutional zone. The lot is near residential buildings and surrounded
by local government owned buildings.
3.2.1.2 Climate
Climate conditions decide the appropriate orientation of the
proposed project for it will influence the design of the building as well
as the building materials to be used. Baguio City's climate is
characterized by two seasons: dry and wet season. The weather will
influence the building's orientation and design, including the
positioning of the building's windows and doors. Areas requiring
proper ventilation and sunlight are properly positioned according to
the building's orientation.
3.2.1.3 Quality
3.2.1.3.a Site Topography

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

Topography is the arrangement of an area's natural and

artificial physical characteristics. It is the surface characteristics
of an area that includes relief, streams, lakes and features such
as man-made structures. The building site has a section in
which there is a relatively flat area and a sloping area. When
designing the proposed project, the lot's terrain should be
properly considered.
3.2.1.3.b Size of lot
A factor to consider is the lot size because it can affect
the project's design decisions. It may enforce a building
program's limitations. The project's location has a lot of size that
can be used to design the government office building.
3.2.1.3.c Soil Characteristics
It is important to consider the characteristics of the soil
when designing the proposed project. The type of soil should
be appropriate for the construction of a structure.
3.2.1.3.d Site drainage
The drainage is the removal of water, both of an area's
ground and sub-surface. A site's drainage is required to prevent
flooding and other damage. When planning the project, site
drainage should be considered because it can affect the
project site's function.
3.2.1.3.d Utilities
It is important to consider the location, accessibility and
adequacy of site amenities in the layout of the proposed
government office building in basic decision-making. To
prevent inadequacy of certain facilities and to reduce service
runs, the quality of utilities should be properly located.
3.2.1.3.e Circulation
Vehicular circulation is present in the eastern and
southern part of the site but there is no vehicle access directly
into the site. Sidewalks aren’t provided so people make use of
the sides of the 4-meter road as walkways. The eastern part of
the site is the only convenient access to a road and shall be
used as access into the site.
3.2.2 Economy
3.2.2.1 Economic considerations
In determining the affordability level of the project
depending from the available budget of the DENR-CAR the
affordability level will be determined.

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

3.2.3 Function
3.2.3.1 People
The users are the employees of MGB-CAR with a population of
50 employees and 30 job orders making it a total of 80 employees in
all. Taken from the sample demographics, most employees of both
DENR-CAR and MGB-CAR are age 35 and above and they only have
few young employees and most of the employees have an
experience of 16 years and above.
3.2.2.2 Activities
The basic functions are essential to the office. These include
collecting, processing, recording, storing and furnishing information.
The administrative functions are organization of office activities,
control of stationery, purchase of equipment, safeguarding of assets,
management of personnel, etc.
3.2.2.3 Relationships
The DENR Secretary shall have supervision and control of the
Bureau. For this purpose, the Director shall report directly to the DENR
Secretary through the Undersecretary for Field Operations. The
Bureau Regional Director and the DENR Regional Director shall be co-
equal in terms of the implementation of their respective functions and
duties in the region.
3.3 Processes
3.3.1 Goals
3.3.1.1 Form
3.3.1.1.1 Site Elements
Environmental elements that exist within the site which can be
seen such as trees, rocks, and landscapes. This could affect the
location of potential points on the site for entry and exit. Existing man-
made structures such as gardens, sheds, and a generator building
are located within the site as well. The site's vegetation can be used
as an asset or uprooted if it harms on the building's overall design.
3.3.1.1.2 Psychological Environment
Employees performing routine tasks which keep them at their
desks almost the entire work day require psychological advantages
of window spaces. Therefore, taking advantage of good vistas from
the site and existing trees and vegetation if possible is to be
considered. Although The site has good views/vistas, some views in
the area are obstructed because of its neighboring structures.

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

The site is located near residential buildings and noise pollution

can be heard from the adjacent buildings especially the generator
engine noise during a power outage. To reduce noise pollution, the
existing trees can act as a buffer for this.
3.3.1.1.3 Quality of Site and Space available
The site has a lot area of 216.04 sq.m. and can be spacious
enough to construct the proposed government office building. The
existing trees and vegetation, as well as an existing generator
building can affect the buildable area as well as the design of the
building.
3.3.1.1.4 Neighborhood
The neighborhood is to be considered when planning the
proposed design. The function of the proposed design fits the
location where it can accommodate the employees of MGB-CAR
and be transferred. The lot is adjacent to the DENR-CAR building and
is neighboring to residential buildings which can be susceptible to
factors that could affect these areas.
3.3.1.1.5 Projected Image
Considering the image of the building that fits the community's
image is important. It takes into account the roof's height, color,
setbacks, materials, textures, and shapes. Similarly, the design of
windows and doors and other technical data must be based on
specifications and requirements of local codes.
3.3.1.2 Function
3.3.1.2.1 Mission
Centralize the existing MGB-CAR division offices to a one-stop-
shop office and to group related divisions in terms of their workflow
relationship as well as to centralize the MGB-CAR with the DENR-CAR
regional office.
3.3.1.2.2 Maximum Occupancy
3.3.1.2.2.a Measurement of Site occupancy
Lot type: End lot
• Total Lot Area (TLA) = 216.04 sq.m.
• Allowable Maximum Building Foot Print
= *Setback-TLA
=148.57 sq.m.
*setback: NBC. Table VII.3.
Institutional = 5.00m(front), 3.00m(side), 3.00m(rear)

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

• Maximum Allowable Percentage of Site

Occupancy (PSO)
PSO = AMBF / TLA
= 148.57 sq.m. / 216.04 sq.m.
= 0.69 x 100%
= 69% of ± TLA* (max)
• Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Area
(ISA)
ISA= Y2+Y3+Y4
= 118.81 sq.m. + 111.31 sq.m. + 226.27 sq.m.
= 456.39 sq.m.
= 21% of ± TLA
• Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA)
MACA = PSO+ISA
= 69%+21%
= 90% of TLA
• Minimum Unpaved Surface Area (USA)
USA= Y1= 218261.619 sq.m. = 10% of ± TLA
Check:
TLA = MACA+USA
= 90%+10% = 100%
• Open Space within Lot (TOSL) = Y1 + (Y2+Y3+y4)
= 218.26 sq.m. + (118.81 sq.m. + 111.31
sq.m. + 226.27 sq.m.)
= 674.65 sq.m.
= 31% of ± TLA (min)
3.3.1.2.4 Priority Activities
Convenience to the public is to be considered and divisions
having the greatest number of visitors or clients should be located
so that the clients have a short, direct, and convenient route from
the main entrance to the division sought.
3.3.1.2.5 Priority Relationships

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Divisions having the closest working connections should be

placed closest together. The workflows with a minimum waste of time
between operations. The ORD and the FAD normally work together;
so do the MMD and the MSESSD. This is to reduce walking time.
3.3.1.2.6 Interaction and/ or Privacy
The private offices and the type of partitioning to be used are
to be considered. Private offices will be assigned primarily for
functional reasons like the nature of work, visitor traffic, or for security
reasons. Private offices shall have a minimum of 9.3m sq.m.
according to time savers standards.
Office layouts can affect the privacy and interaction between
employees. Thus, office design strategies such as an open-plan
office, the type of cubicle to be used, and the space requirements
for each employee are to be considered to design of the building.
3.3.2 Facts
3.3.2.1 Form
3.3.2.1.1 Site Analysis
The selected site offers the quiet environment that is one of the
most desirable types of environment as stated by worker preferences
as a common culture, the main access to the site is the southern part
of the lot behind the regional office of DENR-CAR. Good vegetation
also provides good views of the site; as part of the landscape
features, it can be beneficial and can be incorporated into the
proposed building. As far as its solar orientation is concerned, the sun
rises the vegetated part of the site, while the sun sets on the portion
where the existing structure is located. It is mostly free of any kind of
pollution except from the existing building of the generator within the
site. During the day, the southern part of the site receives most of the
sunlight, but existing vegetation and structures block it. The site's
northeast gets cool winds.
3.3.2.1.1.a Spatial Analysis
In determining the interrelationship of areas that will be placed
at the level of the eastern part of the site which is the narrow road
that is adjacent to the site and the southern part which is the DENR-
CAR office, functional areas for the proposed office building are
analyzed to determine which functional area will serve these spaces
base from the probable circulation of users going in and out of the
site.
3.3.2.1.3 Code Survey

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

local laws are used in setting the design parameters of the

structure and for the physical planning of the area, facilities needed,
circulation systems, lot requirements, and utility systems
Development of an MGB-CAR office building shall be in
accordance but not limited to the minimum design standards of the
local zoning ordinance of the city and the National Building Code of
the Philippines.
3.3.2.1.3.a Height regulations
There shall be an imposed maximum building height per
zone. Exempted from the imposition of height regulations in
residential zones are the following: towers, church steeples,
water tanks, and other utilities and such other structures not
covered by the height regulations of the National Building
Code and/or the Air Transportation Office.

(Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance for the City of Baguio, 2012)

3.3.2.2 Function
3.3.2.2.1 Area Parameters
The tables below show the list of areas/office spaces and the
number of people working in the offices of the MGB-CAR. The DENR-
CAR regional office and the MGB-CAR office are currently separated
in location. Each has departments and each department have their
own office space. The office space of each division has a different
size because of the number of people working in each department.
To determine whether the offices lacked the space for their
employees the researchers went to the city hall and measured each
office space. The acquired data is then compared to space

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

standards taken from Time-Savers and the National Building Code of

the Philippines (NBCP).

Division Current No. of No. of Office Space

Office Employees Private Space Circulation
space Offices Needed (sq.m.)
(sq.m.) According
to
Standards
(sq.m.)
OFFICE OF THE 46.25 7 1 42.83 27.34
REGIONAL
DIRECTOR (ORD)
FINANCE AND 36.46 12 2 47.38 27.34
ADMINISTRATIVE
DIVISION
(FADD)
MINE 105.19 15 2 111.02 22.7
MANAGEMENT
DIVISION (MMD)
MINE SAFETY, 37.09 14 1 103.59 14.86
ENVIRONMENT
AND SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
DIVISON
(MSESDD)
GEOSCIENCES 59.39 18 1 98.25 13.25
DIVISON (GSD)
TOTAL 284.38 66 7 403.07 105.49

3.3.2.2.2 Space Adequacy

According to the table above only one out of the five divisions
have enough space within MGB-CAR office namely, the office of the
regional director having 3.42 sq.m. of surplus space. The worst of the
five is the Mine Safety, Environmental and Social Development
Divison (MSESDD) which has a deficit of 66 sq.m. Followed by
Geosciences Division (GSD) with 38.86 sq.m. deficit. Then the Finance
and Administrative Division (FAD) with 10.92 sq.m. deficit in space.
Lastly, the Mine Management Division (MMD) with a 5.83 sq.m. deficit.
Take note that the figures above are only for workstation and private
office spaces and circulation. Spaces for reception and paper
processing areas and other supplementary areas were not taken in
account.
3.3.3 Concepts

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

3.3.3.1 Form
3.3.3.1.1 Orientation
The orientation and layout of the building will decide the
location of the windows and doors of the building. Areas that need
proper ventilation and sunlight are to be properly placed according
to the orientation of the building.
3.3.3.2 Function
3.3.3.2.1 Central vs. Decentral
The current setting of the DENR-CAR and MGB-CAR is
decentralized and causing problems for both offices such as;
inconveniences to both clients and employees due to traveling
distance from each other. Abiding by the Anti-Red Tape Act,
government agencies must now come together to develop
common protocols and a centralized, most secure database or
network of databases through which all documents for transactions
with government offices shall be submitted, processed and stored.
Divisions and sections that serve the entire office should be centrally
located and easily accessible to all who use them.
3.3.3.2.3 People Grouping
Divisions of the MGB-CAR are to be grouped in consideration
of the different workflows of each division. The Office of the Regional
Director shall be adjacent to the Administrative division. The Mines
Management Division shall be next to the Mines Safety Division and
lastly, the Geosciences shall have direct access to the laboratories.
3.3.3.2.5 Flow
The relationship of individuals, as determined by operation
procedures is the governing factor in the layout. The office layout can
be important because it can affect workflow, economy of floor
space and equipment, employee comfort and satisfaction, and
impressions given to visitors. Layout planning can be carried out most
effective if incorporated in the planning of a new building.
Paper goes from one desk to another with the least amount of
handling, traveling, and delay. Work should progress in a series of
straight lines with a general forward movement, avoiding criss-cross
motion and backward flow in the layout.
3.3.3.2.6 Affinities
Types of office accommodation features can impact
employee safety and comfort. Positioning offices away from any
hazards, such as industrial work areas or stored chemicals, can
prevent injuries and accidents. Even in office-only spaces, it's a good

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

idea to position workstations with plenty of space around them, so

employees can get around without running into things. Cords and
other potential tripping hazards can also get in the way.
3.3.3.2.7 Security
In Implementing a secure area, the areas should be divided
into two areas which are a secure area and non-secure area. A
secure-area where only authorized people are allowed entry, this
includes signed-in visitors and employees and is generally any area
that is not the reception, and this should be protected by access
controls. A non-secure area where there are likely to be members of
the public or clients that have not been signed-in or are unescorted.
The reason for segregating these two areas is so that implementing
security policies, procedures and controls are much easier.
3.3.4 Needs
3.3.4.1 Form
3.3.4.1.1 Environment and Site Influence
There are heavy trees and vegetation at the northern part of
the site and existing gardens at the southern part of the site and can
be used in the design proposal like views and circulation.
In determining the interrelationship of areas that will be placed
at the level of the eastern part of the site which is the narrow road
that is adjacent to the site and the southern part which is the DENR-,
functional areas for the proposed office building are analyzed to
determine which functional area will serve these spaces base from
the probable circulation of users going in and out of the site.
3.3.4.1.1 Site Influence on cost
Site location, size, form, contours, drainage, trends, zoning and
setbacks, infrastructure, significant on-site amenities, local traffic,
community dynamics, site and weather views are common site issues
discussed in contextual analysis, these conditions can affect the cost
for the proposed project.
3.3.4.2 Function
3.3.4.2.1 Area Requirements

Areas Design Consideration

Lobby Consideration is given to balancing
esthetics, security and operations /
functions.

Using sunlight to reduce the need for

artificial lighting.

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

Reception Area This area should be specified with a

desk / station receptionist and chairs
for clients to use while they wait.
Offices The versatility of a room depends on
how prepared it is to adjust its internal
arrangements.

Offices should be designed and

configured to provide visitors and
employees accessibility and control of
furniture and other equipment such as
staff / employee lighting fixtures and
the appropriate filing cabinet.

Offices may be acoustically and/or

visually private or semi-private.
Departments / Divisions Areas with similar functions can be
grouped into a functional cluster.

Department / division design must

allow flexibility and adaptability when
changes occur in the number of
department staff and changes in
furniture layout.
Conference Hall
Conference Room/ This space should be located for
Meeting Room privacy and minimizing disturbances in
low-traffic areas.

This area should be adjoining the office

of the top official who holds a large
number of conferences and nearby
conference rooms for officials with
more limited requirements.
Waiting Area To make it easy for visitors to locate
where they sit and wait, this space
should be visible to the public.

This area should be accessible from

Paper Processing Area
and Sorting Area
each office, department and lobby
entrance.
At the end of a workstation row,
photocopiers and printers may be
located. Nonetheless, to avoid noise,

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
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they can need to be in a screened

area.
Records / File / Storage Records / file / storage areas, using
shelving and lockable filing cabinets,
should be located in the open office
area.
The supplies and equipment should be
housed in each building and in each
floor of larger buildings.
Lounge Area / Dining For relaxation and breaks, this area
Room must be spacious.
Security Room This should be in a secure area of the
building.
Hallway This space in the office building should
be spacious for easy circulation.
Toilet Visibility of the entrance to the toilet
must be clearly visible to the public /
visitors by putting clear signs.

For the employees / staff, toilets may

also be used as a changing room for
meetings and to provide a private
space to use away from clients and
colleagues. Adding space allowance
in these toilets adds convenience for
preparation.
Mechanical Room and This room should be removed from
Electrical Room public spaces.
Parking Area Parking space should be ample for
cars and motorbikes to satisfy staff and
visitors ' needs.

3.3.4.2.2 Space Study of Proposed MGB-CAR Office Building

AREA NUMBER NUMBER OFFICE SPACE TOTAL

OF OF SPACE FOR
EMPLOYE EMPLOYE NEEDED CIRCULAT
ES WITH ES WITH ACCORDING ION
A A TO
(SQ.M)
PRIVATE WORKST STANDARDS
OFFICE ATION
(SQ.M.)

OFFICE OF 1 6 67.82 10.5 78.32

THE
REGIONAL

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BANAWA, EZEQUIEL S.
“Centralization of DENR-CAR Offices and the Potential Effects on its Clients and Employees”

DIRECTOR
(ORD)

FINANCE 2 10 67.82 18 85.82

AND
ADMINISTR
ATIVE
DIVISION
(FADD)

MINE 2 13 83.15 22.5 105.65

MANAGEM
ENT
DIVISION
(MMD)

MINE 1 14 80.83 22.5 103.33

SAFETY,
ENVIRONM
ENT AND
SOCIAL
DEVELOPM
ENT
DIVISON
(MSESDD)

GEOSCIEN 1 17 96.15 27 123.15

CES
DIVISON
(GSD)

TOTAL OF OFFICE SPACE AND CIRCULATION ACCORDING TO 496.27

STANDARDS
The proposed MGB-CAR Building should have a minimum space area
of 496.27 m2 for office employees. The standard space per employee
workstation ,5.11 sq.m., 9.29 sq.m. for supervisory private office, and 37.16
sq.m. for top executive private office (Chiara and Callender, 1983) were
used for the table above. The space for circulation, 1.5 sq.m. per employee
(DPWH, 1977), was also factored in the computation.
3.3.4.2.2 Parking Requirements
This is the standard requirements for parking based on the
Building Code of the Philippines.
• Size of average parking is 2.4mx5m for perpendicular or
diagonal parking.
• 2mx6m for parallel parking
• Truck or bus parking shall have minimum of 3.6mx12m

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Type of Occupancy: Office Building

Parking requirements: 1 slot / 125 sq.m. of gross floor area
GFA= 875 sq.m. x no. of floors (2)
= 1750 sq.m / 125 sq.m.
Parking space = 14 slots
3.3.4.2.2.3 User Requirements
3.3.3.4.2.2.3.a Workstation
Ergonomically designed, comfortable office workstations that
fit the needs of the worker can help promote productivity and
efficiency in the workplace. For additional comfort and easy storage
of papers, files, electronic gadgets, fixtures and other user needs that
would aid them in their mission, proper furnishings, equipment and
fixtures must also be incorporated into the user's workstations.
3.3.3.4.2.2.3.b Workstation Layout
Open plan layout and open plan layout with a cubicle
workstation are used in almost all offices as a general layout to allow
employees to have a private workstation and allow flexibility to
change their space at any time in the office. Cubicles often take up
much less space than a private office, thereby saving space in an
office for broader circulation. Many workers consider cubicles
isolating, but they are a realistic and safe choice for tasks requiring
privacy.
3.3.3.4.2.2.3.c Ergonomics
Furniture is a factor that affects efficiency in the workstation for
employees. Sitting or standing for hours makes an employee
uncomfortable and may reduce the performance of their work.
Comfortable office furniture to use as an ergonomically designed
chair will help the worker relax when working. In order to make the
workstation comfortable, the concepts of ergonomics apply to office
furniture design.
3.3.3.4.2.2.3.d Anthropometrics
When designing spaces for each office's office layout,
anthropometrics is considered to improve the user's comfort when
their working areas and to provide sufficient circulation in their work
area.
3.3.5 Problem
3.3.5.1 Form
3.3.5.1.1 Major Form Giving Influences

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The layout of the offices will influence the overall building

design in terms of the circulation, orientation, and materials. The Site
environment can have difficulties because of the existing elements
as well the access and the orientation of the building is to be
considered.
3.3.5.2 Function
3.3.5.2.1 Unique Performance Requirements
The current office workspace environment of MGB-CAR with
the number of employees and the workflow of DENR-CAR is
fragmented and causing problems for both offices such as;
inconveniences to both clients and employees due to traveling
distance from each other, and incoordination of task due to different
schedules.
Workspaces are lacking for the employees the current office
workspace environment of MGB-CAR with the number of employees
thus the design of workstations must be considered with the design
and layout of the building spaces. Some work spaces are prone to
inadequate space because of the lay-out of the office or the
material of the workstations.

PAGE 17