Ultrasonic water level indicator and controller using AVR microcontroller

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
It is a great pleasure for me to acknowledge all those who have advised and supported me
to lead my seminar to success. First of all, I would like to thank GOD almighty for blessing
me with his grace and taking my endeavor to a successful culmination. I submit this seminar
report at the lotus feet of Late Er. P. K. Das, Founder Chairman, Nehru Group of Institutions
and seek his blessings. I am extremely thankful to the most respected Dr. P. Krishnakumar,
CEO, Nehru Group of Institutions for all helps extended to me .I am very much grateful to
Prof. Dr. Ambikadevi Amma T. Principal of the institute for her suggestions and supports for
the completion of this seminar. I express my sincere thanks to Mr. Sundaramoorthi .P, HoD,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his sustained help, valuable
guidance and immense advice throughout my study. I am very much grateful to my guide,
Mr.Rajesh.P, Assistant Professor and seminar coordinator, Mr.Sundaramoorthi.P, Assistant
Professor for the guidance given to me and steering me towards the successful completion
of this seminar. I thank all the Faculty and Staff Members of Department of EEE for the
helps they have extended. I finally thank my Parents and Friends for their moral support.

SIDHARTH S MENON

Nehru college of engineering and research centre (NCERC)

I
 Ultrasonic water level indicator and controller using AVR microcontroller

ABSTRACT
The consequence of level measurement cannot be overstated. Inaccurate or inappropriate
measurement can cause level in vessels to be excessively higher or lower than their
measured values. Ultrasonic level measurement is one of the best technique used for
continuous level measurement. In this project we are using “HC-SR04” uses a technique
called “ECHO” which is something you get when sound reflect back after striking with a
surface. The output signal of the sensor is proportional to the distance based on the echo.
This output signal is the processed according to high level programming language which is
embedded in to the microcontroller ATmega16. Then the processed output is displayed in
the LCD display. The motor is connected to the output port of microcontroller through 5v
relay switch. The controller will close the pump or valve automatically so that water is not
overflowing and wasted. Here it has some benefits to use microcontroller for control action
than using the normal PLCs. Even though PLC itself has a microprocessor since PLCs are
expensive, bulky and are not easily adapted to high speed I/O. Also compared to other non
contact type of level measurement ultrasonic sensor produce no radiation and no harmful
effect to the environment. The main objective of our project is to attain accurate
measurement of level and to make a safety control over it.

Nehru college of engineering and research centre (NCERC)

II
 Ultrasonic water level indicator and controller using AVR microcontroller

LIST OF CONTENTS

CH.NO DESCRIPTION PG.NO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I

ABSTRACT II

LIST OF CONTENT III-IV

LIST OF FIGURES V

ABBREVIATION VI

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 2-5

3 HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR 6

3.1 WORKING OF HC-SR04 7

3.2 SPECIALITY OF ULTRASONIC TECHNOLOGY 8

3.3 FEATURES 8

3.4 PIN DIAGRAM 9

3.5 DIFFERENT TYPE OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR 10-11

4 ATMEGA 16 MICRONTROLLER 12

4.1 PIN DIAGRAM 13

4.2 FEATURES 13

5 RELAY SWITCH 14

6 BLOCK DIAGRAM 15

6.1 WORKING 16

7 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 17

7.1 TIMING DIAGRAM 18

Nehru college of engineering and research centre (NCERC)

III
 Ultrasonic water level indicator and controller using AVR microcontroller

8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 19

8.1 ADVANTAGES 19

8.2 DISADVANTAGES 19

9 APPLICATION 20

10 CONCLUSION 21

REFERENCE 22

Nehru college of engineering and research centre (NCERC)

IV
 Ultrasonic water level indicator and controller using AVR microcontroller

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE.NO FIGURE TITLE PG.NO

3.1 Ultrasonic sensor 6

3.2 Working of ultrasonic sensor 7

3.3 Ultrasonic proximity sensor 10

3.4 Ultrasonic 2 proximity sensor 11

3.5 Ultrasonic retro reflective sensor 11

4.1 ATMEGA 16 Microcontroller 12

5.1 Relay switch 14

6.1 Block diagram of ultrasonic water 15

Level indicator
7.1 Circuit diagram for ultrasonic water 17
level indicator and controller using
AVR microcontroller
7.2 Timing diagram 18

Nehru college of engineering and research centre (NCERC)

V
 Ultrasonic water level indicator and controller using AVR microcontroller

ABBREVATIONS

US Ultrasonic sensor

AVR Advanced virtual RISC

DDR Data direction register

ALU Arithmetic logic unit

SD Sensing distance

Nehru college of engineering and research centre (NCERC)

VI