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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS
FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER 2, 2018 / 2019

PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Electrical Power Engineering (Honours)


Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
(Honours)

SUBJECT CODE : EEPB353

SUBJECT : Electrical Power System 1

DATE : February 2019

DURATION : 3 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions.

2. Answer ALL questions.

3. Write all answers in the answer booklet provided.

4. Write answer to each question on a new page.

5. List of formulae is given at the end of this paper.

________________________________________________________________________
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF EIGHT (8) PRINTED PAGES
INCLUDING THIS COVER PAGE
EEPB353, Semester 2, 2018/2019

QUESTION 1 [20 MARKS]


Table 1 shows data of a simple power system containing a 3-Ø , 50Hz, Y-connected
generator source and three loads in parallel. (Assume phase a is the reference phase, draw
a circuit diagram of network before attempting).
Table 1
Generator 3-Ø , 50 Hz Υ-connected source
Load Voltage(VLine) 3810.5V
Loads (3-Ø) SA is 100kW at pf = 0.555 Inductive load
SB is 120.86kVAR at pf = 0.9 Inductive load
SC is 218kVA at pf = 0.816 Inductive load
Line impedance Z Line = 0.4+j2.7 Ω

a) Determine the magnitude of the line voltage at the source end of the line. [4 marks]
b) Determine real and reactive power loss in line. [3 marks]
c) Determine real, reactive, and apparent power delivered from source. [4 marks]
d) Determine the value of C in uF to be connected in parallel for overall source power
factor to be improved to 0.9 lagging.(Assume Y-connected capacitor bank).[5 marks]
e) Determine the line current before pf correction(IR) and line current after pf
correction(IS). Briefly explain the reasons for the difference. [4 marks]

QUESTION 2 [20 MARKS]


A 30kV, 3-phase, Y-connected synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance (XS)
of 7Ω per phase and a negligible armature resistance, Ra. Solve the following conditions
for this generator:

(a) This synchronous generator is delivering power to a load of 30MW at 0.8 power factor
at rated terminal voltage to an infinite bus while the drawn load current lags the terminal
voltage. On condition that the terminal voltage is to be maintained constant, determine
the generated voltage (E) and its corresponding power angle (δ) in this condition.
[6 marks]

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EEPB353, Semester 2, 2018/2019

(b) With reference to condition in (a), the generator is synchronised to an infinite bus. If
this synchronised condition is to be maintained, the maximum power generated and
armature current drawn should not exceed certain limits. Determine the limits of
maximum power and armature current this generator will be able to deliver? [4 marks]

(c) A malfunction in the boiler causes a reduction in steam pressure which reduces turbine
torque until the generator output is reduced to 15MW. The electrical auxiliary systems
function normally to provide excitation to field winding at a constant level as in (a)
above. Determine the power angle, load current and power factor at this condition.
[6 marks]
(d) Load conditions change in time. Full load at rated voltage and 0.8 power factor with
load current leading the terminal voltage is now demanded from this synchronous
generator connected to the same infinite bus. Determine the percentage voltage
regulation of this generator at this condition. [4 marks]

QUESTION 3 [20 MARKS]

50MVA
220/11kV
2 3 X=10% 4
X = 48.4W
Trans Line
50MVA
22/220kV T1 T2
X=8% 1
Load C
Load A

Load B

80 MVA
G 22kV
X=5%

Figure 1

Table 2
G 80 MVA, 3-Ø, 22kV, XG = 5% SLOAD A = 700kW+j300kVAR, 220kV
T1 50 MVA , 22/220kV, XT1 = 8% SLOAD B = 20MW+j10MVAR, 11kV
T2 50 MVA , 220/11kV, XT2 = 10% SLOAD C = 8MW+j10MVAR, 11kV
XLINE +j48.4 Ω , 220kV

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EEPB353, Semester 2, 2018/2019

A power system network is as shown in Figure 1 with its rated values given in Table 2
above. Use SB as 100MVA and VB generator as 22kV.
a) Draw a per-unit impedance diagram, indicating all parameters. Show all calculations.
[8 marks]
b) Determine the actual voltage at bus 2 and actual total current into load B and load C if
bus 4 voltage is held constant at 10kV. [5 marks]
c) Determine the actual voltage at bus 1 and actual current at HV side of transformer T1
if voltage at bus 2 is as calculated in part b) above. [5 marks]
d) What will happen to the network if transmission line is disconnected due to a fault?
[2 marks]

QUESTION 4 [20 MARKS]

A 3-phase, 275 kV, 50 Hz transposed line is composed of two conductor bundle as shown
in Figure 2 below. The specification of the conductor and spacing is given in Table 3. The
line is 260 km long, and it is assume as a lossless line.

40 cm
R
R
7m 15 m

Y B Y 13.6m B

40 cm 40 cm

Figure 2 : Conductors Distance and Spacing.

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EEPB353, Semester 2, 2018/2019

Table 3 : Conductor Data


Conductor Name Zebra
Conductor GMR 0.01431 m
Conductor Diameter 2.862 cm
Conductor DC Resistance 0.0674 Ω/km
Number of Sub-Conductors in a Bundle 2
Bundle Spacing 40 cm

a) Calculate inductance (mH/km) and capacitance (μF/km) per-phase. [4 marks]


b) Determine the transmission line surge impedance (ZC), phase constant β, velocity of
propagation ν, and wave-length λ. [4 marks]
c) Calculate the ABCD constants for the line. [4 marks]
d) The line delivers 600 MVA at 0.85 lagging power factor at 275 kV. Determine the
sending end voltage (line-to-line), sending end current and the sending end complex
power. [6 marks]
e) What is the voltage regulation for the case in (d)? [2 marks]

QUESTION 5 [20 MARKS]

a) A single-line impedance diagram of a 4-bus power system network is shown in


Figure 3. The impedance in per unit for this diagram is as shown in Table 4.
Determine the bus admittance matrix. [10 marks]

X13

X12 X23 X34

Bus 1 Bus 2 Bus 3 Bus 4


XG1
XG2 XG4

G1 G2 G4

Figure 3: 4 Bus Network

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EEPB353, Semester 2, 2018/2019

Table 4: Impedance Values


Generator Impedance (pu) Transmission Line Impedance (pu)
XG1 j0.001 X12 j0.012
XG2 j0.002 X23 j0.023
XG4 j0.004 X34 j0.034
X13 J0.013

b) Based upon Figure 3, the utility have decided to perform the following:
a. Shutdown bus 4 for substation transformer servicing
b. Generator G2 is switched off to enable the mechanical servicing to the
generator units.
Referring to Table 5 with the initial voltage estimate of 1.01 pu at 0 degrees for all busses,
perform 1 iteration of the solution and determine:
 Slack Bus Power
 Power flow for Line 1-2, Line 2-3, Line 1-3

All answers are in per unit.

Table 5 : Bus Type with P & Q Data


Bus No Bus Type P & Q (pu)
1 Slack Bus (not known)
2 PQ Bus 0.32+j0.54
3 PQ Bus 0.54+j0.32
[10 marks]

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EEPB353, Semester 2, 2018/2019

Standard List of Formulae for EEPB353

1. BASIC POWER PRINCIPLES.


𝑉𝑅(𝑁𝐿) −𝑉𝑅(𝐹𝐿)
𝑃3∅ = 3𝑉𝐼𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃, 𝑄3∅ = 3𝑉𝐼𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃, 𝑆3∅ = √3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿∗ , 𝑉𝑅 = , 1 HP = 746W
𝑉𝑅(𝐹𝐿)

𝑃𝑖𝑛 (𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟) 𝑉2
𝑉𝐿 = √3𝑉𝑃 ∠30° , 𝐼𝐿 = √3𝐼𝑃 ∠−30° , 𝑆𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = , 𝑆3∅ = 3𝑉𝑃 𝐼𝑃∗ , 𝑆1−∅ = ,
cos 𝜃 𝑍∗

2. GENERATOR
𝐸𝑉 𝑉
𝐸 = 𝑉 + ⌈𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑆 ⌉𝐼𝑎 , 𝑃3∅ = 3 𝑋 sin 𝛿 , 𝑄3∅ = 3 𝑋 (E cos δ − V) ,
𝑆 𝑆

𝐸𝑉
𝑃max(3∅) = 3 𝑋
𝑆

3. TRANSFORMER
𝑉1 = 𝑉2′ + (𝑅𝑒1 + 𝑗𝑋𝑒1 )𝐼2′ , 𝑉1′ = 𝑉2 + (𝑅𝑒2 + 𝑗𝑋𝑒2 )𝐼2 , 2
𝑋𝑒1 = √𝑍𝑒1 2
− 𝑅𝑒1
𝑉12 𝑉 𝑉 𝑉𝑠𝑐 𝑃𝑠𝑐
𝑅𝐶 = , 𝐼𝐶 = 𝑅1 , 𝐼𝑚 = √𝐼02 − 𝐼𝐶2 , 𝑋𝑚 = 𝐼 1 , 𝑍𝑒1 = , 𝑅𝑒1 = 2
𝑃0 𝐶 𝑚 𝐼𝑠𝑐 𝐼𝑠𝑐
𝑛×𝑆×𝑝𝑓 𝑉2𝑛𝑙 −𝑉2
𝜂 = (𝑛×𝑆×𝑝𝑓)+(𝑛2 ×𝑃 , % 𝑉𝑅 = × 100 , 𝑃𝑐𝑢 = 3𝑅𝑒2 𝐼22
𝑐𝑢 )+𝑃𝑐 𝑉2

4. PER UNIT SYSTEM


2
SB (𝑉𝐵 )2 ∗ 𝑉𝑝𝑢 𝑉2
IB = , 𝑍𝐵 = , 𝑆𝑝𝑢 = 𝑉𝑝𝑢 × 𝐼𝑝𝑢 , 𝑍𝑝𝑢 = 𝑆∗ , 𝑍𝑃 = 𝑆 ∗ 𝐿𝐿 ,
√3VB 𝑆𝐵 𝐿𝑝𝑢 𝐿(3∅)

𝑉𝑝 3𝑉𝑝2 𝑉2 𝑍𝑝 𝑉 2 𝑆𝐵
𝐼𝑝 = 𝑍 , 𝑍𝑝 = 𝑆∗ = 𝑆 ∗ 𝐿𝐿 , 𝑍𝑝𝑢 = 𝑍 = ( 𝑉𝐿𝐿 ) ∗
𝑝 𝐿−3∅ 𝐿−3∅ 𝐵 𝐵 𝑆𝐿−3∅

𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑛𝑒𝑤 2
𝑛𝑒𝑤 Ω 𝑍 𝑆𝐵 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑆𝐵 𝑉 𝑜𝑙𝑑
𝑍𝑝𝑢 = 𝑍 𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑍Ω 2 , 𝑍𝑝𝑢 = 𝑍𝑝𝑢 𝑜𝑙𝑑 (𝑉𝐵𝑛𝑒𝑤 )
𝐵 (𝑉𝐵𝑛𝑒𝑤 ) 𝑆𝐵 𝐵

5. TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS


𝐷2 𝐻 𝐺𝑀𝐷
𝐿𝑒𝑥𝑡 = 2 × 10−7 𝑙𝑛 , 𝐿 = 0.2𝑙𝑛 mH/km , 𝐷𝑆𝑏 = √𝐷𝑆 𝑑 ,
𝐷1 𝑚 𝐺𝑀𝑅

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜀0 = 8.85 × 10−12 𝐹/𝑚 ,


4 𝑚𝑛
𝐷𝑆𝑏 = 1.09( √𝐷𝑆 × 𝑑3 , 𝐺𝑀𝐷 = √(𝐷𝑎𝑎′ 𝐷𝑎𝑏′ ⋯ 𝐷𝑎𝑚 ) ⋯ (𝐷𝑛𝑎′ 𝐷𝑛𝑏′ ⋯ 𝐷𝑛𝑚 ) ,

𝐺𝑀𝐷 = 3√𝐷12 𝐷23 𝐷13


2
𝐺𝑀𝑅𝑥 = 𝑛 √(𝐷𝑎𝑎 𝐷𝑎𝑏 … 𝐷𝑎𝑛 ) ⋯ (𝐷𝑛𝑎 𝐷𝑛𝑏 ⋯ 𝐷𝑛𝑛 ) , 𝑟 𝑏 = √𝑟 × 𝑑 ,

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EEPB353, Semester 2, 2018/2019

3 4
𝑟 𝑏 = √𝑟 × 𝑑 2 , 𝑟 𝑏 = 1.09√𝑟 × 𝑑 3
0.0556
𝐺𝑀𝑅𝐿 = 3√𝐷𝑆𝐴 𝐷𝑆𝐵 𝐷𝑆𝐶 , 𝐺𝑀𝑅𝐶 = 3√𝑟𝐴 𝑟𝐵 𝑟𝐶 , 𝐶= 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝑢𝐹/𝑘𝑚 ,
𝑙𝑛
𝐺𝑀𝑅𝐶

2𝜋𝜀0 3
𝐶12 = 𝐺𝑀𝐷 𝐹/𝑚 , 𝐷𝑆𝑏 = √(𝐷𝑆 𝑑 2 )
𝑙𝑛
𝐺𝑀𝑅𝐶

6. TRANSMISSION LINE MODELS

𝑉 𝐴 𝐵 𝑉𝑅
𝑧 = (𝑟 + 𝑗𝜔𝐿)ℓ , 𝑌 = (𝑔 + 𝑗𝜔𝐶)ℓ , [ 𝑆] = [ ][ ] ,
𝐼𝑆 𝐶 𝐷 𝐼𝑅

𝑉𝑅 𝐷 −𝐵 𝑉𝑆 𝑉 1 𝑍 𝑉𝑅
[ ]=[ ][ ] , [ 𝑆] = [ ][ ]
𝐼𝑅 −𝐶 𝐴 𝐼𝑆 𝐼𝑆 0 1 𝐼𝑅
𝑍𝑌
𝑉 1+ 2 𝑍 𝑉𝑅 𝑉 cosh 𝛾𝑥 𝑍𝐶 sinh 𝛾𝑥 𝑉
[ 𝑆] = [ ][ ], [ 𝑆] = [ 1 ] [ 𝑅 ],
𝐼𝑆 𝑍𝑌
𝑌 (1 + ) (1 +
𝑍𝑌
) 𝐼𝑅 𝐼𝑆 sinh 𝛾𝑥 cosh 𝛾𝑥 𝐼𝑅
𝑍 𝐶
4 2

𝑉 cos 𝛽𝑥 𝑗𝑍𝐶 sin 𝛽𝑥 𝑉 𝑃𝑅(3∅)


[ 𝑆] = [ 1 ] [ 𝑅] , 𝜂= , 𝛾 = 𝛼 + 𝑗𝛽 = √𝑧𝑦 ,
𝐼𝑆 𝑗 𝑍 sin 𝛽𝑥 cos 𝛽𝑥 𝐼𝑅 𝑃𝑆(3∅)
𝐶

𝑧 𝐿 𝑉𝑅 3|𝑉𝑅 |2 (𝑘𝑉𝐿𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 )2
𝑍𝑐 = √𝑦 𝑜𝑟 √𝐶 , 𝛽 = 𝜔√𝐿𝐶 , 𝐼𝑅 = , 𝑆𝐼𝐿 = 3𝑉𝑅 𝐼𝑅∗ = , 𝑆𝐼𝐿 =
𝑍𝑐 𝑍𝑐 𝑍𝑐

2
|𝑉𝑆(𝐿−𝐿) ||𝑉𝑅(𝐿−𝐿) | |𝑉𝑆(𝐿−𝐿) ||𝑉𝑅(𝐿−𝐿) | |𝑉𝑆(𝐿−𝐿) |
𝑃3∅ = sin 𝛿 , 𝑄3∅ = cos 𝛿 − cos 𝛽𝑙
𝑋′ 𝑋′ 𝑋′

7. POWER FLOW
𝑃𝑠𝑐ℎ 𝑠𝑐ℎ
𝑖 −𝑗𝑄𝑖 +∑𝑛 𝑦 𝑉 (𝑘)
∗(𝑘) 𝑗=1 𝑖𝑗 𝑗
(𝑘+1) 𝑉 𝑃𝑖 −𝑗𝑄𝑖
𝑉𝑖 = 𝑖
∑𝑛
, 𝑗≠1 , = 𝑉𝑖 ∑𝑛𝑗=0 𝑦𝑖𝑗 − ∑𝑛𝑗=1 𝑦𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑗 , 𝑗≠1
𝑗=0 𝑦𝑖𝑗 𝑉𝑖∗

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑆𝑖𝑗 = 𝑉𝑖 𝐼𝑖𝑗∗ , 𝑆𝑗𝑖 = 𝑉𝑗 𝐼𝑗𝑖∗ , 𝑆𝐿 𝑖𝑗 = 𝑆𝑖𝑗 + 𝑆𝑗𝑖 , Efficiency, 𝜂 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛

-END OF QUESTION PAPER-

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