UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM & ENERGY STUDIES, DEHRADUN

Department of Mathematics
Course: B. Tech First Semester Branch: ALL Non-CIT Branches
Subject: Mathematics I Subject Code: MATH 101
Topic: Matrices Session: 2016-2017

ASSIGNMENT-1

1. A matrix is given as
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝐴 = [𝑏 𝑐 𝑎],
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
where 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 are the roots of the equation 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑘 = 0 ( 𝑘 is a constant). Prove that
𝐴 is orthogonal matrix.

2. If 𝜆 be a primitive fifth root of unity i.e. 𝜆5 = 1 . Define

𝜆−2 0 0 0 0
0 𝜆−1 0 0 0
𝐴= 0 0 1 0 0 .
0 0 0 𝜆 0
[ 0 0 0 0 𝜆2 ]
For a vector 𝑣 = (𝑣1 , 𝑣2, 𝑣3 , 𝑣4 , 𝑣5 ), define |𝑣|𝐴 = √|𝑣𝐴𝑣 𝑇 |, where 𝑣 𝑇 is transpose of
vector 𝑣. If 𝑤 = (1, −1, 1, 1, −1), then find |𝑤|𝐴 .
Ans: 𝟎
1 −1 2 −3
4 1 0 2 𝐼 0
3. Reduce the matrix 𝐴 = [ ] to the normal form [ 𝑟 ] and, hence, find its
0 3 0 4 0 0
0 1 0 2
rank. Ans: 4

4. Determine the values of 𝜆 for which the following set of equations may posses non-trivial
solution
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝜆𝑧 = 0;
4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 0;
2𝜆𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝜆𝑧 = 0.

For each permissible values of 𝜆, determine the general solution.

Ans: 𝝀 = 𝟏, −𝟗, For 𝝀 = 𝟏, solution is 𝒙 = 𝒌, 𝒚 = −𝒌, 𝒛 = 𝟐𝒌. For 𝝀 = −𝟗, solution is 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒌;
𝒚 = 𝟗𝒌; 𝒛 = 𝟗𝒌, where 𝒌 is arbitrary.
5. Discuss for all values of 𝑘 for the system of equations
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 6;
𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 6;
𝑘𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6
as regards existence and nature of solutions.

6. Find the characteristic roots and characteristic vectors of the matrix

cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃
𝐴=[ ]
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
and verify that the characteristic roots are of unit modulus.
𝒊 −𝒊
Ans: 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 ± 𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽, [ ] , [ ]
𝟏 𝟏

0 −2 −3
7. Let 𝑃 = [−1 1 −1] for some 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ. Suppose that 1 and 2 are eigenvalues of 𝑃
𝑎 2 𝑏
1 3 1
and 𝑃 [ 0 ] = [ 0 ]. Find 𝑃4 [−1].
−1 −3 0
𝟏𝟔
Ans: [−𝟏𝟔]
𝟎

8. (i) If the vectors (0, 1, 𝑎); (1, 𝑎, 1) and (𝑎, 1, 0) are linearly dependent, then find the
value of 𝑎. Ans: 𝒂 = 𝟎, ±√𝟐
(ii) Show that the vectors 𝑋1 = [𝑎1 , 𝑏1 ] and 𝑋2 = [𝑎2 , 𝑏2 ] are linearly dependent, if and
only 𝑎1 𝑏2 − 𝑎2 𝑏1 = 0.

9. Find the Eigen values of 𝐴 and using Cayley-Hamilton theorem, find 𝐴𝑛 (𝑛 is a positive
1 2
integer); given that 𝐴 = [ ].
4 3
𝟓𝒏−(−𝟏)𝒏 𝟏 𝟐 𝟓𝒏 +𝟓(−𝟏)𝒏 𝟏 𝟎
Ans: −𝟏, 𝟓; 𝑨𝒏 = { }[ ]+{ }[ ]
𝟔 𝟒 𝟑 𝟔 𝟎 𝟏

0 1 1 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑏−𝑎

1
10. If 𝑀 = [1 0 1] and 𝑃 = 2 [𝑐 − 𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏], show that the transform of 𝑃 by
1 1 0 𝑏−𝑐 𝑎−𝑐 𝑎+𝑏
−1
𝑀 i.e., 𝑀𝑃𝑀 is diagonal matrix and hence find the Eigen values of 𝑃. Ans: 𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄