CHILDHOOD

NUTRITION
NUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVES
•0 Provide adequate nutrient intake to
meet continuing growth and
development needs.
•1 Provide basis of support of
psychosocial development in relation to
food patterns, eating behavior and
attitudes.
•2 Provide sufficient calories for
increasing physical activities and energy
needs.

PRE-SCHOOLERS
•3 Greater need for protein, vitamins and
minerals.
•4 ↑ activities ↑ calories
•5 Modified food for young children
FOOD NEEDS:
•6 PRE-SCHOOL PERIOD (2-6 y/o)
•7 Growth is slow and irregular ; erratic
food desires; decreased weight;
-the “ won’t eat era”
NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES
CALORIES
•8 Energy need is determined by age,
activity and basal metabolism
•9 If the child’s diet lacks calories, his body
will utilize the proteins for energy,
resulting in protein-calorie malnutrition.
PROTEIN
•10 About 1.5 to 2 grams/kg of BW is
required.
•11 ↑ protein requirements= rapid
growth
•12 ↓ protein requirements= slow
growth

VITAMINS AND MINERALS

•13 Essential for growth and
development

FLUIDS
•14 4- 6 glasses of water or 1000-1500
ml of water

1. CHILD IS EATING TOO

LITTLE
CAUSES:
•15 The child likes few foods (food
jogging)
•16 Lost appetite due to parental urging
•17 Tired of same food every day

REMEDIES:
•18 Go slow in adding new foods; start
the meal with foods he/she likes best
•19 Serve less than what she/he eats
•20 Prepare simple dishes
2.CHILD IS EATING TOO
MUCH
CAUSES:
•21 Heredity
•22 Temperament
•23 Appetite
•24 Clean plate

REMEDIES:
•25 Refrain from serving rich foods like
cakes, pastries, pies and ice cream.
3. Child is dawdling
during mealtime
CAUSES:
•26 Trying to get attention
•27 May not be feeling well
•28 Given too large portions
REMEDIES:
•29 Check-up with pediatrician
•30 Avoid fussing over him/her
•31 Let the child enjoy eating
4. Child is gagging when
fed coarse foods
CAUSES:
•32 Lacks proper training in eating
chopped foods
REMEDIES:
•33 Encourage self feeding
•34 Well ventilated eating place; colorful
plate
•35 Eye catching cup and manageable
utensils
5. Child has aversion
towards some foods
•36 Give fruits as substitute for
vegetables
•37 Mix vegetables with familiar foods
•38 Give milk through halo halo,leche
flan etc.
6. Child has allergies
CAUSES:
•39 Chemicals in the air
•40 Food preservatives
•41 Food coloring
REMEDIES:
•42 Monitor nutrient intake
•43 Make food substitutions

INDICATIONS OF GOOD
NUTRITION
•44 WEIGHT
1ST DEGREE MALNUTRITION: 10% less
than standard weight
2ND DEGREE MALNUTRITION: 25% less
than standard weight
3RD DEGREE MALNUTRITION: 40% less
than standard weight

SCHOOL AGE
CHILDREN (7-
12 Y/O)
•45 Characterized by slow
steady growth, increased
body proportions enhanced
mental capacities and
more mind and body
coordination.
•46 The gain in weight
averages 1.8-3.1 kg
annually.

NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES
CALORIES
•47 Allowances decline to:
7-9 y/o:80-90 kcal/kg
10-12 y/o: 70-80 kcal/kg

PROTEIN
•48 7-9 y/o: 37 grams approx.
•49 10-12 y/o: 43-48 gms

VITAMINS AND MINERALS

•50 MENSTRUATION: 1.4 mg/day of
menstrual loss
•51 PHILIPPINE RDA:
Vitamin C:
7-9 y/o = 55mg
10-12 y/o=65-70mg
•52 Calcium- growing children may
need 2-4x as much calcium as does an
adult.
•53 Iodine
USA RDA: 120mcg of iodine for 7-10 y/o

MEAL PLANNING
(7-9 y/o)
•54 Make green leafy and
yellow vegetables and fruit a
“must” in daily family meals.
•55 Pack nutritious lunch.
•56 Avoid serving too spicy and
many seasoned foods.
•57 Make snacks count.
WEIGHT AND HEIGHT
STANDARDS
•58 FOR FILIPINO BOYS & GIRLS:
=10-12 y/o (pre-adolescent growth spurt
begins)

FEEDING PROBLEMS
•59 Inadequate meals
•60 Poor appetite
•61 Sweet tooth

ADOLESCENCE
-Transition period of human development
that occurs between childhood and
adulthood.
- Girls go through this period earlier than
boys do.

NUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVES
•62 Provide optimum
nutritional support for
demands of rapid growth
and high energy
expenditure.
 •63 Support development
of good eating habits by
providing a variety of
foods through a regular
pattern.

NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES
CALORIES
•64 The reference 44kg boy between 13-
15 years needs 310 kcalories more than
what the girl of the same weight and age
does.

PROTEIN
•65 ↑ needs
•66 13-15 years old: 59 grams
•67 16-19 years old: 65 grams

VITAMINS
•68 VITAMIN C: constantly higher in
boys
MINERALS
•69 CALCIUM RDA:
13-15 Y/O (700mg)
16-19 y/o (600mg)
MEAL PLANNING FOR TEENS
•70 Use the family menu, but add more
foods rich in:
•71 Protein
•72 Calories
•73 Iron
 •74 Vitamin C
POSSIBLE NUTRITION
PROBLEMS
•75 Low intake of calcium, vitamin A & C
•76 Low intake of iron in girls
•77 Anemia
•78 Obesity or underweight
•79 Skin problems
•80 Nutritional deficiencies related to:
•81 Psychological factors c. poor
food choices
•82 Fear of gaining weight d.
irregular eating pattern
ADULTHOOD
(21-50y/o)
Period of life when an individual has
attained full growth and maturity

NUTRITIONAL
MANAGEMENT
•83 Maintenance of
DBW
•84 Daily caloric
allowances be
reduced with
increasing age
FEEDING THE ADULT
•85 Eat a variety of foods
•86 Maintain ideal weight
•87 Avoid too much fat, saturated fat
and cholesterol
•88 Eat foods with adequate starch and
fiber
•89 Avoid too much sugar
•90 Avoid too much sodium
•91 Drink moderately
OSTEOPOROSIS
•92 A silent enemy
•93 A bone disease that leads
to increased risk of fracture
•94 The spine may compress
then later collapse causing
“dowager’s hump”
•95 Less common in men;

Women at risk:
•96 Thin, small boned women
•97 With family history
•98 Removed ovaries at an
early age
•99 Sedentary women
•100 Smokers/Drinkers
*To prevent bone loss, experts
recommend 30 minutes of
exercise 3-6xweek and Calcium
supplements.

Cancer
According to the American Cancer Society,
diet and cancer are related. Recommended
foods to fend off cancer are the ff:
•101 Carotene
•102 Cabbage, broccoli, brussel sprouts,
cauliflower-↓ risk of GI and respiratory
tract cancer
 •103 Fruits,vegetables, whole grain
cereals ↓ risk of colorectal cancer
•104 Foods high in fat, salt or nitrite-
cured foods should be eaten in
moderation.
•105 Milk, especially 2-3 cups of Vitamin
D fortified skim milk/day may help ward
off colon cancer
•106 Cabbage prevents cancer
•107 Drink moderately

ELDERLY
Period being past middle age

•108 CALORIES: ↓ in calories is

recommended due to ↓ basal
metabolism and physical activity
 •109PROTEIN: allowance of 1.1grams/kg
BW\
•110 VITAMINS and MINERALS
↑ Calcium, Iron, Vitamin A and Vitamin C
4. WATER AND FIBER: Drink at least 6-8
glasses of water

COMMON PROBLEMS AMONG

THE ELDERLY
•111 Difficulty in chewing due to loss of
teeth and not getting used to dentures.
•112 Lack of appetite
•113 Unwanted weight due to lack of
physical activity/overeating
•114 Anxiety, confusion, insecurity or
loneliness
•115Poor digestion leading to
constipation, gas pain or diarrhea
•116Poor absorption leading to anemia
and vitamin deficiencies
•117 Difficulty in sleeping