TENSES

First: PRESENT TENSE (P.T)

No:1) PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE – P.I.T (Formula: Subject + V-1)

Eg: John Studies

Rule 1: If subject is singular add S/ES to verb

Rule 2: If Subject is plural keep verb as it is

Application 1: To express habitual action (I read paper daily, I drink tea, I work daily)

Application 2: To talk about natural truth (The sunrise from east. The earth revolves around the sun)

Application 3: To talk or enquire about anything in a time table (London flights arrives in Dubai at 8:30
night. When does bus no:12 come to this bus stop?)

No:2) PRESENT COUNTINUOUS TENSE – P.C.T (Formula: Subject + is/am/are + V-1 + ING)

Eg: John is studying

I AM HE
WE SHE
YOU IT
IS
THEY ARE NAME
+ +
PLURAL SINGULAR
Conventional

Application 1: For the actions happening at the time of speaking (I am driving. We are watching movie
now)
Application 2: For action which are planned to happen in a near future (We are planning to start a new
project next year)

Combinations (P.I.T + P.C.T)

1. I drink tea daily, but now I am drinking a coffee.

2. Paul is writing a book and Mary helps him
3. The company makes profit and I am trying to develop more
4. I use internet every day but now I am trying to cut down internet
5. I visit bank for all my transactions but now I am trying to do it online
6. My job is sales but now I am handling purchase also
No:3) PRESENT PERFECT TENSE – P.P.T (Formula: Subject + has/have + V-3)

Eg: John has studied

I HE
WE SHE
YOU IT
HAVE HAS
THEY NAME
+ +
PLURAL SINGULAR

Application: An action starts in the past and perfectly getting completed at present
The government has completed the project
I have done the job.
We have taught students.
You have built the farm.
They have left the class.
Jose has sent the documents.

Combinations (P.I.T + P.C.T + P.P.T)

1. I go to market; my friend has already reached, and we are going to sell vegetables
2. Paul is searching a job, but john has already applied, the company selects talents everyday.
3. The government has implemented a special tax but people are not agreeing it and happens
every year.

No:4) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE – P.P.C.T (Formula: Subject + has/have + been + V-1 +
ING + TIME)

Eg: John have been studying from morning

LINKERS
FOR SHORT TIME
SINCE DATE/DAY/YEAR/MONTH/ETC
FROM GENERAL
FOR THE LAST LONG TIME

Application: For action starts in the past and perfectly keep on continuing.
I have been working since 2010 April 15th
I have been studying in Dubai since 2013
We have been playing for one hour
You have been studying for the last 5 years
They have been practicing from Monday.
Jose has been driving since 2008
Combinations (P.I.T + P.C.T + P.P.T + P.P.C.T)

1. We plan for the developments, company is supporting the managers has approve the fund, the
chairman has been promoting the company for the last ten years
2. Children are preparing for the special exams, parents have taken leave, teachers set the
question papers and the school has been conducting such exams since 2010
3. The military has been searching for terrorists for two days, they have caught some suspects, but
they are not proving, so the government implement special task.

Second: PAST TENSE (Pt)

No:1) PAST INDEFINITE TENSE – Pt. I. T (Formula: Subject + V-2)

Eg: John studied

Application: For a short action happened in the past

I went to jungle; A mango fell down

I went to Paris
We flew to Dubai
You lost the book
They bought food
Jose sang a song

No:2) PAST COUNTINUOUS TENSE – Pt. C. T (Formula: Subject + was/were + V-1 +ING)

Eg: John was studying

I WAS HE
WE SHE
YOU IT
WAS
THEY WERE NAME
+ +
PLURAL SINGULAR

Application: For the long actions continued in past

I was waiting. We were working whole night

I was reading
We were driving
You were teaching in Dubai
They were welcoming refuges
Jose was studying
Combinations (Pt. I. T + Pt. C. T)
1. I met the president when he was taking rest
2. The train was moving when I reached station
3. The light went off when I was reading
4. I was playing football when I was studying in collage
5. I was travelling every month when I worked in Oman
6. I was going to church every day when I stayed in my village

No:3) PAST PERFECT TENSE – Pt. P. T (Formula: Subject + had + V-3)

Eg: John had studied

I HE
WE SHE
YOU IT
HAD HAD
THEY NAME
+ +
PLURAL SINGULAR

Application: For the completed action in long past

I had visited London in childhood.

I had taught student
We had heard music
You had beaten there
They had lit ground
Jose had gone to Dubai

No:4) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE – Pt. P. C. T (Formula: Subject + had been + V-1 + ING + Pt
Time)

Eg: John had been studying in 2001

LINKERS
IN General
DURING To mention entire period
FROM -TO General (TO is used to stop the action
SINCE Particular (TILL is used to stop the action
LAST Day/Week/Month/Year

Application: An action starts in the past, continue perfectly for some time and end in the past itself.
We had been studying in London since 2010 till 2017
I had been writing in 2001
We had been working in Oman since 2008 to 2013
You had been schooling in 2000
They had been building house in 2010

Combinations (Pt. I. T + Pt. C. T + Pt. P. T +Pt.P. C. T)

1. I met Merlyn when I was staying in New York, that time she had not seen New York city
completely, therefore we had been roaming around New York city in 2016.
2. Paul had been working in IBM since 20112 till 2017, later he resigned and had joined Apple
there he was working properly.
3. Germany had fought in the world war but lost badly, So other countries were trying to fight each
other finally world leaders had been trying to make peace in 1919.

Third: FUTURE TENSE (FT)

No:1) FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE – F. I. T (Formula: Subject + will/shall + V-1)

Eg: John will study

NORMAL SURE
YOU YOU
THEY THEY
WILL SHALL
NAME NAME
IT IT
I I
SHALL WILL
WE WE

Application: For short actions which will happen in future.

I will go to Canada.
They shall meet john.
I shall go to church
We shall drink today
You will come to office tomorrow.
They will play next Friday.
Jose will send documents today
It will reach Sunday
No:2) FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE – F. C. T (Formula: Subject + will/shall + be + V-1 + ING)

Eg: John will be studying.

NORMAL SURE
YOU YOU
THEY THEY
WILL BE SHALL BE
NAME NAME
IT IT
I I
SHALL BE WILL BE
WE WE

Application: For the long actions which will keep on continuous in future
I will be helping poor.

Combinations (F. I. T + F. C. T)

1. You shall start a business; the bank will be helping you

2. The company will be developing the market and sales team will sell the products.
3. You shall come to London and Paul will assisting you.
4. You shall plan your trip; the travel agencies will be helping you to visit dream destination.
5. I will apply for the sales manager vacancy; my colleagues shall be helping me to prepare for
interview.
6. Jose shall prepare for good score in IELST, it shall be helping him for migration.

No:3) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE – F. C. T (Formula: Subject + will/shall + have + V-3)

Application: For the action which will be surely completed in future.

1. We will have reached Paris tomorrow at this time.
2. I will have finished job by tomorrow.
3. We will have awoken by 5:00 am
4. You shall have built the farm by Monday
5. They shall eaten by tomorrow
6. Jose shall have fed the dog.

Combination (F. I. T + F. C. T + F. P. T)

1. You shall go to Canada, the lawyer will be guiding you and you shall have gotten PR
2. The company will be searching talents, you shall apply, and you shall have selected.
3. The country will have announced the election, all will be rushing for nomination, finally good
people get elected.
4. Earthquake shall occur normally in hilly area, It will be causing high risk to people. People have
avoid living in those area.
No:4) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE – F. C. T (Formula: Subject + will/shall + have been + V-1 +
ING + Ft TIME)

Eg: John will have been studying in 2030

Mortgage
LINKERS
IN General
DURING + NEXT To mention entire period
FROM General
SINCE Particular
NEXT/COMING Day/Week/Month/Year

Application: An action starts in future and continuous perfectly.

1. We will have been staying in London nest year.
2. I will have been enjoying vacation in April.
3. You shall have been achieving your target since May
4. They shall been leaving Dubai from 2020
5. Jose shall have been working in 2020

Combination (F. I. T + F. C. T + F. P. T + F. P. C. T)

1. I will invest money, you will be running the business, our best friend will have joined later, and
we all will have been earning good profit from nest year onwards.
2. Scientists will have been researching in 2030, The Government will be funding it, they will have
got the results within 5 years and the country will get the benefits.
3. James will have arrived, John will meet him. We will be observing them and finally we all have
been working from the same Project in the next year.
First: PRESENT TENSE (P.T)

No:1) PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE – P.I.T (Formula: Subject + V-1)

No:2) PRESENT COUNTINUOUS TENSE – P.C.T (Formula: Subject + is/am/are + V-1 + ING)

No:3) PRESENT PERFECT TENSE – P.P.T (Formula: Subject + has/have + V-3)

No:4) PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE – P.P.C.T (Formula: Subject + has/have + been + V-1 +
ING + TIME)

Second: PAST TENSE (Pt)

No:1) PAST INDEFINITE TENSE – Pt. I. T (Formula: Subject + V-2)

No:2) PAST COUNTINUOUS TENSE – Pt. C. T (Formula: Subject + was/were + V-1 +ING)
No:3) PAST PERFECT TENSE – Pt. P. T (Formula: Subject + had + V-3)
No:4) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE – Pt. P. C. T (Formula: Subject + had been + V-1 + ING + Pt
Time)

Third: FUTURE TENSE (FT)

No:1) FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE – F. I. T (Formula: Subject + will/shall + V-1)

No:2) FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE – F. C. T (Formula: Subject + will/shall + be + V-1 + ING)
No:3) FUTURE PERFECT TENSE – F. C. T (Formula: Subject + will/shall + have + V-3)
No:4) FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE – F. C. T (Formula: Subject + will/shall + have been + V-1 +
ING + Ft TIME)