Human

Machine
Interface
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 Modern Interface
Earlier Time Monitoring
HMI functionality
Human Machine Interface (HMI):
Graphical object state presentation,
lists, reports

Operator Command handling change

binary commands, set points

Alarm & Events

record specified changes and
operator actions

History data base

keep a record of the process
values and filter it

Logging
keep logs on the operation of
the automation system

Reporting
generate incident reports
Operator workplace: three main functions

current state alarms and events trends and history

What is an alarm, an event ?
Alarm and Event (A&E) consider changes occurring in the plant (process) or in the
control system that are worth recording (operator actions, configuration changes,…)

Recorded changes can be of three kinds:

- informative: no action required
(e.g. "production terminated at 11:09")
- warning: plant could stop or be damaged if no corrective action is taken
"soon" (e.g. "toner low")
- blocking: the controller took action to protect the plant and further operation is
prevented until the reason is cleared (e.g. "paper jam")
What triggers an alarm ?
- binary changes of process variables (individual bits),
some variables being dedicated to alarms

- reception of an analog variable that exceeds some threshold (upper limit,

lower limit), the limits being defined in the operator workstation

- reception of an alarm message (from a PLC that can generate such

messages)

- computations in the operator workstation

(e.g. possible quality losses if current trend continues)

- calendar actions
(e.g. unit 233 did not get preventive maintenance for the last
three months )
Trends

Trends allow to follow the behaviour of the plant and to monitor

possible excursions.
Monitored process data (sampled or event-driven) are stored in
the historical database.
Historian
The historian keeps process relevant data at a lower granularity than the trend
recorder,
but with a larger quantity.

Data from different sources is aggregated in one data base, normally using
data compression to keep storage costs low.

Data are analysed according to "calculation engines" to retrieve "metrics":

- performance indicators
- quality monitoring
- analysis of situations (why did batch A worked better than batch B)
Internal Memory
Internal Memory
Internal Register (Read / Write) : $
Non-volatile Internal Register (R/W): $M
Elements of the operator workstation
mimic

alarms alarms
processing logging
process simulation
data base
trend state
processing logging
instructor desk

actualisation

process data

plant
HMI Connections
Communication Channel
Rs 232/485/422

1 2

1 2 PLC

HMI 1-1IC1 1-1OC1

IN0 OUT0
IN1 OUT1
IN2 OUT2
IN3 OUT3
IN4 OUT4
IN5 OUT5
IN6 OUT6
1 2

IN7 OUT7
COM COM

Power Supply
Communication Channels
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