Cluster Profile

Ludhiana forging industries

PUNJAB
Ludhiana
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Partnership: Scaling up Energy Efficient Technologies in Sm all Enterprises
(EESE)”

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Suggested format for citation

TERI. 2016
Cluster Profile Report – Lud hiana forging ind ustries
N ew Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute 10 pp.
[Project Report N o. 2014IE15]

Disclaimer
This d ocum ent is an output of a research exercise und ertaken by TERI
supported by the Sw iss Agency for Developm ent and Cooperation (SDC) for
the benefit of MSME sector. While every effort has been m ad e to avoid any
m istakes or omissions, TERI and SDC w ould not be in any w ay liable to any
persons/ organisations by reason of any mistake/ om ission in the publication.

Published by
T E R I Press
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IH C Com plex, Lodhi Road
N ew Delhi-110 003
Ind ia

For more information

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TERI Tel. 2468 2100 or 2468 2111
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Contents
A CKN OWLEDGEMENTS
Overview of clu ster ...............................................................................................................................1
Prod u ct typ es and p rod u ction cap acities ...........................................................................................2
Raw m aterial u sage in clu ster ..............................................................................................................2
Energy scenario in the clu ster ..............................................................................................................3
Prod u ction p rocess ................................................................................................................................3
Technologies em p loyed ........................................................................................................................5
Energy consu m p tion .............................................................................................................................6
Energy-saving op p ortu nities and p otential .......................................................................................7
Major stakehold ers ................................................................................................................................9
Clu ster d evelop m ent activities ............................................................................................................9
Acknowledgements

TERI places on record its sincere thanks to the Sw iss Agency for Developm ent and
Cooperation (SDC) for supporting the long -term partnership project focusing on energy
intensive MSME clusters in Ind ia.

TERI team is ind ebted to Mr Vijay Kum ar (Director, MSME-DI, Lud hiana) Mr R K Parm ar,
(Assistant Director, MSME-DI, Ludhiana) for organising field visits interactions w ith
entrepreneurs of forging units in the cluster d uring the stud y. The support provid ed by Mr S
S Bed i, (Senior Manager, Cham ber of Ind ustrial & Com m ercial Undertakings, Lud hiana)
and Punjab Forging Industries Association (PFIA) w ere extrem ely useful in understanding
forging cluster in Lud hiana. We are extrem ely thankful to Mr Am it Sharm a, Mr Sand eep
Sharm a and Mr Sahil Dhingra of Vast Linkers Pvt Ltd for coord inating ind ustry visit and
accom panying us to industrial site d uring interaction w ith entrepreneur and shop floor visit.

Last but not least, our sincere thanks to MSME entrepreneurs and other key stakeholders in
the cluster for provid ing valuable data and inputs that helped in cluster analysis.
Ludhiana forging industries
Overview of cluster
Lud hiana city w as found ed in 1480 und er the Lod hi d ynasty. The tow n w as originally
know n as Lodhi-ana, w hich m eans the tow n of Lod hi's. The name later changed to the
present nam e Lud hiana. It lies betw een north Latitud e 30°34' and 31°01' and east longitud e
75°18' and 76°20'. It is bound ed on the north by River Sutlej w hich separates it from
Jaland har d istrict. In 1805, d uring the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh , Lud hiana becam e an
im portant British cantonm ent.

Lud hiana city is know n as the ind ustrial capital of Punjab and quite-often referred as
Manchester of Ind ia. Post-ind epend ence, num ber of ind ustries started boom ing in the city to
support the agriculturally rich area. Initial d evelopm ent w as of agricultural im plem ents,
tractor ind ustries; slow ly grow th w as seen in allied ind ustries such as forging, found ry,
sheet m etal and auto-parts as w ell. The city is hom e to som e of top national cycle brand s
such as H ero and Avon. In early 1990s Lud hiana started supplying prod ucts not only to
entire Ind ia but also to Mid d le East and Europe. Presently, Lud hiana d istrict has about
39,000 ind ustries in over 20 d ifferent ind ustry estates. A variety of prod ucts such as cycle &
cycle parts, sew ing machine parts, auto parts, forging, machine tools, hosiery, knitw ear and
w oollen garm ents, electronics good s, plastic & rubber good s are being prod uced in the city
in big w ay by sm all and m ed ium ind ustries. Since 2010, though Punjab is seeing a d ecline in
ind ustrial output but the num ber of registered units in Ludhiana has seen a grow th of abov e
15%. A few prom inent ind ustries in Lud hiana cluster are Vard hm an Spinning and Polytex,
Osw al Cotton Spinning Mills (Textile) and H ero, Avon, Rockm an (Cycle).

The city w itnessed lots of battles

and clashes betw een the various
em pires for pow er and grow th.
Forging ind ustry d ates back to
15th century, w hich supported
by provid ing forged tools for Industrial area
city build ers and forged
Focal point
w eapons for the battles.
H ow ever, the recent forging Daba road
ind ustry expansion took place
in 1960s to provid e forged
prod ucts to tractor, hand tools Forging units in Ludhiana
and agricultural im plem ents Source: Google map
m anufacturers.

Presently, there are about 500 forging ind ustries in Lud hiana prod ucing around 1,640 tonnes
of forged prod ucts per day (492,000 tonnes of forged prod ucts per year), of w hich about 25%
is prod uced by about 10 large forging ind ustries. Forging ind usty provid e em ploym ent to
about 13,000 people. Units are m ainly located in Daba road , Saniw al Delo road , Focal point
(Phase I-VIII) and Ind ustrial area A,B and C. Major prod ucts of the cluster are crank shaft,
connecting rod s, brake d rum , spanners, special tools, etc. Total annual turnover of forging
cluster is Rs 3,200 crores. A few m ajor forging ind ustries in the cluster are Mahad ev Forge,
Sud hir forge, Kay Jay Forgings and Sarita Forgings. Major custom ers to forging units are

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 Cluster profile – Ludhiana forging industries

USH A, H itachi, Electricity Board , KJ Group, and autom ibile com panies such as TVS, Bajaj &
Sons, Sonalika, Sw araj, Mahind ra etc.

Product types and production capacities

The cluster has about 500 forging ind ustries. The forging units in Lud hiana cluster are
principally know n for m aking com ponents catering to ind ustries includ ing cycle,
autom obile, m achinery and engineering and others. There are about 10 large forging
ind ustries in the cluster. Based on their average prod uction levels, the MSME forging units
can be categorised as follow s (see figure):

Micro: 20 tonnes per m onth

Sm all: 60 tonnes per m onth
Med ium : 200 tonnes per m onth

Categorization of forging industries

Production Employment Turnover
Type
(tonne/month) (N o’s.) (Rs cr/year)

Micro 20 10 1.0
Sm all 60 25 5.0
Med iu m 200 50 15.0
Large 1000 150 75.0
D istribution of forging units in cluster
Majority units (~300) fall und er small category, in m icro and m ed ium there are 150 and 50
units respectively. The total prod uction of closed or open d ie forging prod ucts in the cluster
is about 1240 tonnes per d ay (about 372 thousand tonnes per annum ). Only m ed ium scale
forging ind ustries run round -the-clock (three shifts), rem aining units are und er-utilizing the
facility and run at average capacity u tilization less than 60%. Major prod ucts in cluster
includ e crank shaft, connecting rod s, brake d rum , auto-parts, spanners, special tools, etc.
Photo view s of som e prod ucts are show n in figure.

Crank shaft Connectors Spanners

Connecting rods M ajor products of the cluster

Raw material usage in cluster

The Lud hiana forging cluster prod uces a variety of m aterials. The m ajor raw m aterials used
in the forging units includ e m ild steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, stainless steel, alum inium ,
super alloy and special steel. Different stainless steel grad es used by the units are
ASTM/ ASME SA 182 F, 304, 304L, 304H , 309H , 310H , 316, 316H , 316L, 316 LN , 317, 317L,

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 Cluster profile – Ludhiana forging industries

321, 321H , 347, 347H . Most of these raw materials are prod uced locally or obtained from
other d om estic m arkets. Long bars and billets are used as raw m aterials in for ging
ind ustries. The m ain sources of raw m aterials of forging prod ucts are steel rolling m ills
located in Mand i Gobindgarh .

Raw material used in forging industries

Energy scenario in the cluster

Furnace oil is the m ajor source of energy for the heating of raw m aterial in forging ind ustry.
Electricity is used to d rive other equipm ent such as ham m er, shearing m achine, blow er, air
com pressor, shot blast, m otor and lighting system . Diesel is consum ed in DG set for backup,
but the share is negligible. Furnace oil is procured from local m arket. Micro and sm all units
get electricity at 400 V voltage and fall und er category “ind ustry consum ers – m ed ium
supply”, w hereas the med ium scale units get electricity at 11 kV voltage and fall und er
category “ind ustry consum ers – large supply”. Diesel is procured from local m arket. All
forging units have d iesel generator sets, w hich they run to m eet em ergency d em and in the
unit d uring unsched uled outages, though the consum ption of d iesel is m arginal in total
energy consum ption. The d etails of m ajor energy sources and tariffs are show n in table.

Prices of major energy sources

Raw material Remarks Price
Energy charge : Rs 5.51 p er kWh
LT Connection
Dem and charge: Rs 188 p er kVA p er m onth
Electricity
Energy charge : Rs 6.03 p er kWh
H T Connection
Dem and charge: Rs 188 p er kVA p er m onth
Furnace oil Local m arket Rs 28,000 - 31,000 p er tonne
Diesel Local m arket Rs 60 p er litre

Production process
Forging can be performed by open die, closed d ie or ring forging process. The units in
Lud hiana pred om inantly prod uce forged com ponents using im pression d ie forging process.
The closed d ie forging or im pression die forging is the d eform ation of m etal at forging
tem perature w ithin one or m ore d ie im pressions or cavities . It is perform ed either in presses
or ham m ers. For sim ple shapes im pression d ie forging can be perform ed in a single press
stroke, but m ore often how ever several strokes of d ifferent forces are used w ith m ultiple
d ies of d ifferent im pressions for preform ing sequential shaping and finish forging operation .

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 Cluster profile – Ludhiana forging industries

The m ajor steps of process are “make ready operation” for d ie and raw material follow ed by
heating, forging, trim ming, finishing and inspection & d espatch . Som e prod ucts require heat
treatm ent and or electroplating. A sim plified process flow diagram of a typical forging
ind ustry is given in the figure.

Raw material inspection Die making

Shearing Die settling

Heating

Forging

Trimming

Finishing

Heat treatment

Electroplating

Inspection & Despatch

Typical process flow chart - Forging

The steps are explained below .

1. D ie making and setting. Based on the final prod uct im pressions are created in a steel
tool d ie. Majority of units have tool room to d o perform m inor repair of dies, though not
all m ake their ow n dies. Once d ie is read y it is set in a ham m er or press to perform
forging operation.
2. Raw material preparation. The received raw m aterial (rod s, bars, or billets) are
inspected for physical d eform ation and tested for chem istry and hard ness. Once tested
„OK‟, the raw m aterial is passes on to shearing. In shearing m achine the raw m aterial is
sized as per prod uct requirem ent.
3. Heating. The sized raw m aterials are heated to forging tem perature (i.e. 1150-1250 °C).
The heating is d one in m ajority of units using a furnace oil fired furnace. A few
progressive units have installed ind uction billet heaters for this purpose.
4. Forging. It is perform ed either in presses or ham m ers. For sim ple shapes im pression die
forging can be performed in a single press stroke, but m ore often how ever several
strokes of d ifferent forces are used w ith m ultiple d ies of different im pressions for
sequential preforming and finish forging operation. In sequential forging using ham m ers

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 Cluster profile – Ludhiana forging industries

first stroke is edging this increases the w ork-piece‟s cross section, second stroke is blocking
to refine the shape for finish forging and final stroke to finish-forging to com plete the
shape. In finish-forging bulk of m etal is forced into the im pression w hile a thin layer
called flash flow s out betw een the dies at the parting plane.
5. Trimming. The thin flash cools rapid ly. Once finish -forging is com pleted , the flash
(excess m etal) is rem oved either m anually or w ith trim ming d ies. Majority of units in
Lud hiana use trim m ing d ie for this purpose.
6. Finishing. It includ es sizing and straightening of the forged prod uct. It involves fettling,
shot blasting, cleaning and m achining (CN C or VMC) of the forged prod uct. A few select
prod ucts are heat treatm ent to rem ove stresses and strengthen. Som e special prod ucts
require electroplating. H eat treatm ent and electroplating is m ostly outsourced .
7. Inspection and despatch. The final prod ucts are inspected for d efects, on passing
inspection they are packed for d espatch .

Technologies employed
The technology em ployed in the cluster is out-d ated and is one of the m ajor barriers for
prod uctivity enhancem ent and energy efficiency. Som e of the m ajor forging
processes/ equipm ent are d escribed below .

(i) Heating furnace

The forging furnaces are used for heating of raw
m aterial (billets/ bars/ rod s of various grad es of steel) to
1150 – 1250°C. The capacities of these furnaces are in the
range of 50 – 400 kg per hour. Furnace oil is
pred om inantly used as fuel in the furnace. Different
d esigns of furnaces are box, „L‟, and pusher types.
Billets are heated either in batches or continuously. The
furnace oil consum ption in the forging furnaces typically
ranges betw een 100 – 200 litres per tonne. Blow ers w ith
electrical m otors of 3 – 7½ hp are used in furnaces for Oil fired forging furnace
provid ing the combustion air.

(ii) Hammers: Belt drop type

The ham m er strikes and d eform s the w ork-piece. Belt d rop type
ham m ers are used for forging of hot billets into various shapes.
The capacity of the forging ham m ers typically are in range
betw een 0.5 – 3 tonnes. The board d rop ham m er is a d rop forging
m achine tool that relies on gravity. A hard w ood board is attached
to the ram , rollers grip the board and can raise the board and ram
d ue to friction forces betw een the board and rollers. Once the ram
is raised to the height need ed , the rollers can be pulled apart and
the ap paratus w ill be released , send ing the forging ham m er on its
w ay. Electric m otors in the range of 30 to 100 hp are used for
d riving the ham mers. Forging capacity, d epending on the num ber
of ham m ers and their capacities, varies from 300 tpa to 3,500 tpa.
The ham mer‟s base is equipped w ith a rubber pad d ing to act as Belt drop hammer
noise and vibration absorber.

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 Cluster profile – Ludhiana forging industries

(iii) Screw press

The capacity of screw presses is in the range of 100 to 1,500 tonnes.
Electric m otors used for d riving these presses range betw een 30 –
150 hp. Screw presses w ith electrical m otors of 5 – 30 hp are used
for trim m ing and coining operations. These presses are operated
w ith pneum atic clutch and brake and screw is used for ad justing
the height of stroke length. It is used m ostly w ith shaft end heating
jobs.

Screw press
(iv) Auxiliary system
A ir compressor: Forging units utilizes com pressed air in number of
process applications w hich includ es finishing, pneum atic fettling,
m achining (CN C/ VMC) and general cleaning. Typically forging
units have com pressor of FAD rating 35 – 100 cfm w ith pow er
rating of 7.5–22 kW. Majority of m icro and sm all units use
reciprocating type air com pressors w hereas the m ed ium sized units
use screw type air com pressor. All the com pressors are fixed speed
type and leakage level in com pressed air system is v ery high.
Air compressor

Energy consumption
Forging uses tw o m ain form s of energy: electricity and
furnace oil. H eating accounts for a m ajor share of
about 70 – 80% of total energy consum ed in a forging
unit. The other im portant energy consum ing areas
includ e forging ham m er, air com pressor and finishing.
The share of energy usage in a typical forging unit is
given in the figure.

(i) Unit level consumption

The specific energy consum ption (SEC) varies
consid erably in a forging d epend ing on the type of
prod uct and d egree of m echanisation. The specific
Typical energy use in a forging unit
energy consum ption of furnace oil fired forging
furnace for heating varies in range of 100 – 170 litre
per tonne. Typical SEC for forging furnace in m icro scale units is high, in ord er of 150 – 170
litre per tonne w hereas for m ed ium sized units this figure is about 100 – 130 litre per tonne.
A few progressive units have installed ind uction billet heater and its SEC is 400 – 500 kWh
per tonne. Diesel is used in DG set for backup pow er, but the share is negligible. Typical
energy consum ption of a forging unit is given in table.

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 Cluster profile – Ludhiana forging industries

Typical energy consumption

Category Electricity Furnace oil D iesel Total energy Annual energy bill
(kWh) (tonne) (kL) (toe) (million IN R)
Micro 168,000 30 0.5 45.1 2.2
Sm all 420,000 85 1.0 122.5 5.6
Med iu m 780,000 240 3.0 311.2 12.9

(ii) Cluster level consumption

The total energy consumption of forging unit in the cluster is estim ated to be 59,080 tonnes
of oil equivalent. The energy bill of the cluster is around rupees 27.2 crore; w hich
correspond s to about 10% of the total cost.

Energy consumption of the Ludhiana forging cluster (2016)

Energy type Annual Equivalent GHG emissions Annual energy bill
consumption energy (toe) (tonne CO 2) (million IN R)
Electricity 190 m illion kWh 16,360 182,600 1,430
Therm al 40,200 tonne (FO) 42,720 131,590 1,290
525 kL (Diesel)
Total 59,080 314,190 2,720

Energy-saving opportunities and potential

Som e of the m ajor energy-saving opportunities in the forging units in the cluster are
d iscussed below .

(i) Induction billet heater

Ind uction billet heater in forging is a revolutionary new age
technology having potential of about 35% energy savings as
com pared to oil fired heating for forging. Ind uction
technology not only im proves energy efficiency but also
im proves prod uction efficiency by red uction in scale losses.
Due to very low level of surface heat losses, it provid es better
w orking cond itions as com pared to fuel fired furnaces. The
specific energy consum ption (SEC) for FO fired furnace can be
brought d ow n from 0.15 toe/ tonne (150 litre/ tonne) to 0.04
toe/ tonne (450 kWh/ tonne) using ind uction billet heater. The
investm ent for ind uction billet heater d epend ing on size
ranges from Rs 15 – 50 lakh w ith a sim ple payback period of I nduction billet heater
about 1 – 3 years.

(ii) Reheating furnaces

Box type furnaces are m ainly used in case of closed d ie forging. Cut billets are heated in
reheating furnaces and m anually transferred to ham m er for forging operation. These
furnaces are prone to high flue gas losses and surface heat losses. N orm ally furna ce oil is
fuel used in box type forging furnaces and heat treatm ent furnaces.

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 Cluster profile – Ludhiana forging industries

Recuperator for w aste heat recovery from hot flue gasses of furnace
Many of the forging units use oil fired oil fired forging and heat treatm ent furnaces. The exit
flue gas tem peratures of FO fired furnaces are in the range of 450 – 700°C. The w aste heat
available w ith high tem perature flue gases can be recovered using a m etallic recuperator
w hich can preheat the com bustion air. The envisaged energy saving w ith WH R system is
10–15%. Investment for recuperator varies from Rs 1.0-4.0 lakh w ith a sim ple payback
period of 8 m onths to 2 years, d epend ing on type of process and tem perature.

Insulation for furnace

Forging and heat treatm ent furnaces used are m ostly built w ith a refra ctory brick lining
w hich are prone heat losses after a continuous usage over the period and results in fuel loss.
There is a huge potential in using ceram ic insulations in the box type furnaces, w hich
enables less fuel consum ption in cold start in the furn ace along w ith less heat up tim e.
Energy savings of 4 – 6% can be achieved by im proving insulation of the furnace. Relining or
repairing of furnaces can be carried out w ith an investm ent of Rs 0.5 – 2 lakh d epending on
size of the furnace w ith sim ple payback period of 5 – 15 m onths.

(iii) Variable frequency drive (VFD ) in press motors

Motor d riven system s often are oversized and inefficiently controlled . Variable Frequency
Drives (VFD) can provid e a m ore cost effective m ethod for red ucing flow or pressure by
varying the speed of the connected load to m atch the process requirem ents. Mech anical and
hyd raulic presses are generally used in forging ind ustries. Presses go und er variable load
d epend ing on job size and operation to be perform ed and the jerk load operations are
frequent. Energy savings in VFD applications usually range from 8 – 20%. The investm ent
for VFD is around Rs 1 – 3 lakh w ith sim ple payback period of 6 – 15 m onths.

(iv) Compressed air system

Energy savings of about 40% can be realized through im proving the supply and red ucing
d em and in com pressed air system s. Opportunities can be found in the supply sid e by
installing new or optim izing existing equipm ent and red ucing the system pressure. Dem and
can be red uced through im proving end uses and repairing leaks. Blow -off nozzles can be
upgrad ed to high-efficiency engineered nozzles or replaced w ith a low -pressure electric
blow er. Som e of the potential areas of com pressor system are m entioned below .

Retrofitting air com pressor w ith variable frequency d rive

During norm al operation, screw air com pressor operated on unload ing position for m ore
than half the tim e. Installation of VFD to such com pressors w ill m inim ize the unload pow er
consum ption resulting in energy savings of 20-35%. The investm ent required is Rs 1 -3 lakhs
w ith a sim ple payback of 8 – 15 m onths.

Arresting the com pressed air leakage

Com pressed air is an expensive utility in a plant. H ow ever, in m ost cases, air leakages in
piping system are quite high (m ore than 20%) and go unnoticed . The compressed air leakage
can be red uced to about 5% w ith better operating practices. The plant can red uce significant
energy consum ption by controlling com pressed air leakages w ith no or m inimum
investm ent.

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 Cluster profile – Ludhiana forging industries

Red uction in pressure setting of air com pressor

The pressure setting of air com pressors are often m uch higher than the actual air pressure
requirem ent at the point of use in the plant. The typical unload and load pressure settings
are 8.5 and 7.5 bar respectively. Red ucing the com pressed air pressure as per end -use
requirem ents w ill result in high -energy savings. Red uction of generation pressure by one
bar can lead to energy saving of 6%.

(v) Replacement of rew ound motors w ith energy efficient motors

Motor burn-out is not a rare phenom enon in found ries; this is a result of num ber of factors
includ ing pow er quality, overload ing, etc. Rew ind ing of m otors is cheap solution follow ed
by found ry-m en but it result in a d rop in efficiency of m otor by 3 – 5%. It is better to replace
all old m otors w hich has und ergone rew ind ing tw o or m ore tim es. The old rew ound m otors
m ay be replaced w ith EE m otors (IE3 efficiency class). This w ould results into significant
energy savings w ith simple payback period of 2 – 3 years.

(vi) Replacement of inefficient lighting w ith energy efficient lighting

The forging units use fluorescent tube light w ith copper ballast (FTL-T12, 52 W) for office
and store lighting. Som e units w ere using CFLs. These lighting system s have low lux levels
w ith low er life. Replacing them w ith FTL-T5 w ith electronic ballast or LED tube can lead to
energy saving of around 30–40%. The forging units use m ercury vapour lam p (H PMV 250
W) for shed and factory lighting. Som e units w ere using 85 W CFLs. These lighting system s
have low lux levels w ith low er life. Replacing them w ith ind uction lam p of 150 W w ill not
only lead to energy saving of around 40% but all im prove light quality in the shed / factory .

Major stakeholders
The m ajor ind ustry associations related to the forging ind ustry in Ludhiana, Punjab Forging
Ind ustries Association . It is located in the Chamber of Ind ustries & Com m ercial Und ertaking
(CICU) office in Focal Point – Phase V. The „District Ind ustries Centre‟ (DIC), Lud hiana
provid es several incentives to MSMEs like the Back End ed Interest Subsid y Schem e. Und er
this scheme, MSMEs can avail 3% interest subsidy (subject to a m axim um of Rs 10 lakhs) on
term loans loan on technology.

The MSME Developm ent Institute (DI), Lud hiana provid es assistance for the prom otion and
Developm ent of Micro, Sm all and Med ium Scale Ind ustries. They also im plem ent various
central and state governm ent schem es for MSMEs includ ing Cred it Linked Capital Subsid y
Schem e (CLCSS) and Technology Upgrad ation Schem e (TEQUP) for technology and quality
upgrad ation. They also organize aw areness w orkshops for the forging ind ustries on
pollution, environm ent, energy efficiency and lean m anufacturing.

Cluster development activities

Institute for Auto-parts and H and -tools Technology w as set up to a Research &
Developm ent Organisation for auto com ponent and hand -tool m anufacturing sectors w ith
the aim to uplift technological level of sm all & m ed ium enterprises of the region. They
specialise in tool handling, d evelopm ent and m achining training, w hich is im portant to
forging ind ustries.

9
About TERI
A d ynam ic and flexible not-for-profit organization w ith a global vision and a
local focus, TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) is d eeply com m itted to
every aspect of sustainable d evelopm ent. From provid ing environm ent -friend ly
solutions to rural energy problem s to tackling issues of global clim ate change
across m any continents and ad vancing solutions to grow ing urban transport and
air pollution problem s, TERI‟s activities range from form ulating local and
national level strategies to suggesting global solutions to critical energy and
environm ental issues. The Ind ustrial Energy Efficiency Division of TERI w orks
closely w ith both large ind ustries and energy intensive Micro Sm all and Med ium
Enterprises (MSMEs) to im prove their energy and environm ental perform ance.

About SD C
SDC (Sw iss Agency for Developm ent and Cooperation) has been w orking in
Ind ia since 1961. In 1991, SDC established a Global Environm ent Program m e to
supp ort d eveloping countries in im plementing m easures aim ed at protecting the
global environm ent. In pursuance of this goal, SDC Ind ia, in collaboration w ith
Ind ian institutions such as TERI, cond ucted a stud y of the sm all-scale ind ustry
sector in Ind ia to id entify areas in w hich to introd uce technologies that w ould
yield greater energy savings and red uce greenhouse gas em issions. SDC strives
to find w ays by w hich the MSME sector can m eet the challenges of the new era
by m eans of im proved technology, increased prod uctivity and com petitiveness,
and m easures aim ed at im proving the socio-economic cond itions of the
w orkforce.

About SAMEEEKSHA
SAMEEEKSH A (Small and Medium Enterprises: Energy Efficiency Know led ge
Sharing) is a collaborative platform set up w ith the aim of pooling know led ge
and synergizing the efforts of various organizations and institutions - Indian and
international, public and private - that are w orking tow ard s the d evelopm ent of
the MSME sector in India through the prom otion and ad option of clean , energy-
efficient technologies and practices. The key partners are of SAMEEEKSH A
platform are (1) SDC (2) Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) (3) Ministry of
MSME, Governm ent of Ind ia and (4) TERI.

As part of its activities, SAMEEEKSH A collates energy consum ption and related
inform ation from various energy intensive MSME sub -sectors in India. For
further d etails about SAMEEEKSH A, visit http:/ / w w w .sam eeeksha.org