Transform Theory

Definition of Laplace Transform

For a continuous function f (t ) , the Laplace transform is defined as,

L  f (t )  F ( s )   e  st f (t ) dt
0

If F(s) is the Laplace transform of the function f(t), i.e.

L  f (t )  F ( s ) ,

The f(t) is referred as the Inverse Laplace transform of a function F(s),and is written as
f (t )  L1  F ( s ) .

L1 is referred as inverse Laplace transformation operator.

Condition for the existence :

The Laplace transform of f (t ) i.e.  e  st f (t ) dt exists for s  a ,if
0

(i) f (t ) is continuous

(ii) lim e  at f (t ) is finite.

t 

Some basic Laplace Transforms [Formulae]

1 a
1. L[u (t )]  , ( s  0) 5. L[sin at u (t )]  ( s  0)
s s  a
2

n! (n  1) s
2. L[t nu (t )]  n 1
or , n  0,1, 2...... 6. L[cos at u (t )]  ,( s  0)
s s n1 s  a2
2

1 a
3. L[e at u (t )]  ,( s  a) 7. L[sinh at u (t )]  (s  a )
sa s  a2
2

1 s
4. L[e at u (t )]  , ( s  a) 8. L[cosh at u (t )]  (s  a )
sa s  a2 2

 Key point

1
Gamma function : (n  1)  nn,     , (n  1)  n !
2

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 Properties of Laplace Transform
If L{ f (t )}  F ( s) then,
    (i) Linearity property : If a, b, c be any constant and f, g, h, are functions of t, then
L[af (t )  bg (t )  ch(t )]  a F ( s)  bG( s)  c H ( s)
(ii) Shifting property :
L e at . f (t )  F ( s  a )

(iii)Change of scalar property :

1 s
L  f (at )  F 
a a

    (iv) Laplace transform of integrals

L  f (u) du  1s F (s)

t

(v) Multiplication by t n
dn
L t n f (t )  (1) n ( F ( s)) , Where, n  1, 2,3,........
ds n
(vi) Division by t
1  
L  f (t )    F ( s ) ds [Provided the integral exist]
t  s

Inverse-Laplace Transform
  If, f (t ) 
L
 F (s)
1
Then, F ( s ) 
L
 f (t )
Some basic Inverse Laplace transforms [formulae]
1 2.  1  at
1. L1    1 L1  e
s  sa

1 t n1 4.  1  1
3. L1  n   , n  1, 2,3,...... L1  2 2 
 sin at
 s  (n  1)! s a  a

 1  eat t n1 6.  s 
5. L1  n
 L1  2 2 
 cos at
 ( s  a)  (n  1)! s a 

 1  1 8.  s 
7. L1   2 
 sinh at L1  2 2 
 cosh at
 s a  a  s a 
 1  1 at 10.  sa  at
9. L1  2
 e sin bt L1  2
 e cos bt
 ( s  a)  b  b  ( s  a)  b 
2 2

 s  1 12.  1  1
11. L1  2 2 2
 t sin at L1  2 2 2
 3  sin at  at cos at 
 ( s  a )  2a  ( s  a )  2a

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 Basic Property of Inverse L.T.
If L1  F ( s )  f (t ) then,
1. Shifting Property of Inverse L.T.
L1  F ( s  a )  e at L1  F ( s )  e at f (t ) .
2. Change of scalar property :
1 t
L1  F (as )  f 
a a
3. Inverse L.T. of Derivatives :
 dn 
L1  f n ( s )  L1  n f ( s )   (1)n , t n f (t ), n  1,2,3...
 ds 
4. Inverse L.T. of integrals :

L1  F (s) ds  f t(t)



5. Multiplication by powers of s.
If L1  F ( s )  f (t ) and f (0)  0 then,

L1 sF ( s )  f '(t )

We have, L  f '(t )  sL  f (t )  f (0)  sF ( s)  f (0)  0 

If f (0)  0 then,
L1 sF ( s )  f (0)  f '(t )

6. Divided by s :
 F (s)  t
L1    0 f (t ) dt
 s 



Head Office : A/114-115, Smriti Nagar, Bhilai (C.G.), Contact : 9713113156, 9589894176 www.gateacademy.co.in
© Copyright
Branch Office : Raipur, : 79743-90037, Bhopal, : 89591-87052, Indore, : 97134-11112