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MELD-Plus is a risk score to assess severity of chronic liver disease. The score
includes nine variables as effective predictors for 90-day mortality after a
discharge from a cirrhosis-related admission. The variables include all Model for
End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD)'s components, as well as sodium, albumin,
total cholesterol, white blood cell count, age, and length of stay. MELD-Plus was
created as a result of a collaboration between Massachusetts General Hospital
and IBM.[1]
Contents
Calculators
Press coverage
External validation
Potential of alternative scores to extend life expectancy
Criticism of machine learning in prediction modeling
Source code
References
Calculators
A calculator capable of comparing MELD, MELD-Na, and MELD-Plus is available.[3]
Press coverage
Johnson HR. Developing a new score: how machine learning improves risk prediction.[8]
Cohen JK. Harvard, IBM researchers develop prediction model for cirrhosis outcomes.[11]
External validation
A call for an additional validation of MELD-Plus was published in November 2019 in the European Journal of Gastroenterology
& Hepatology.[13]
A study published in April 2018 in Surgery, Gastroenterology and Oncology reported on the increased accuracy of using MELD-
Plus vs. MELD in predicting early acute kidney injury after liver transplantation.[14]
A review specifying alternatives to MELD, including MELD-Na, MELD-sarcopenia, UKELD, D-MELD, iMELD, and MELD-
Plus, was published on June 2019 in Seminars in Liver Disease.[19]
Source code
A sample code for calculating MELD-Plus is available in GitHub.[21]
References
1. Kartoun, Uri; Corey, Kathleen E; Simon, Tracey G; Zheng, Hui; Aggarwal, Rahul; Ng, Kenney; Shaw, Stanley Y
(2017). "The MELD-Plus: A generalizable prediction risk score in cirrhosis" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti
cles/PMC5656314). PLoS ONE. 12 (10): e0186301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1286301K (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.e
du/abs/2017PLoSO..1286301K). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186301 (https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.018
6301). PMC 5656314 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5656314). PMID 29069090 (https://www.nc
bi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29069090).
2. Zou H. The adaptive lasso and its oracle properties. Journal of the American Statistical Association. Volume 101,
2006 - Issue 476. 2006.
3. https://github.com/kartoun/meld-plus/raw/master/MELD_Plus_Calculator.xlsx
4. https://www.mdcalc.com/meld-score-model-end-stage-liver-disease-12-older
5. https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/resources/allocation-calculators/meld-calculator/
6. https://reference.medscape.com/calculator/meld-score-end-stage-liver-disease
7. http://gihep.com/calculators/hepatology/meld-na/
8. "Developing a New Score: How Machine Learning Improves Risk Prediction" (https://www.mddionline.com/develo
ping-new-score-how-machine-learning-improves-risk-prediction). 2017-11-17.
9. "Harvard researchers develop predictive model for cirrhosis outcomes" (https://www.clinical-innovation.com/topic
s/clinical-practice/harvard-researchers-develop-predictive-model-cirrhosis-outcomes).
10. "IBM taps machine learning to predict cirrhosis mortality rates" (https://www.healthdatamanagement.com/news/ib
m-taps-machine-learning-to-predict-cirrhosis-mortality-rates).
11. "Harvard, IBM researchers develop prediction model for cirrhosis outcomes" (https://www.beckershospitalreview.
com/data-analytics-precision-medicine/harvard-ibm-researchers-develop-prediction-model-for-cirrhosis-outcome
s.html).
12. "Snapshot of Science for October 2017 - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA" (https://www.massgener
al.org/research/news/SnapshotScience/Snapshot-2017/snapshot-science-October-2017.aspx).
13. https://journals.lww.com/eurojgh/Citation/2019/12000/MELD_plus__a_call_for_an_additional_external.22.aspx
14. Marian-Irinel, Marian-Tudoroiu; Constantin, Georgiana; Pâslaru, Liliana; Iacob, Speranţa; Gheorghe, Cristian;
Popescu, Irinel; Tomescu, Dana; Simona Gheorghe, Liliana (2018). "The Combination of Serum Cystatin C,
Urinary Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and MELD plus Score Predicts Early Acute Kidney Injury after Liver
Transplantation". Surgery, Gastroenterology and Oncology. 23 (2): 121–126. doi:10.21614/sgo-23-2-121 (https://
doi.org/10.21614%2Fsgo-23-2-121).
15. https://www.ibm.com/downloads/cas/RPKNLL1M
16. "Meeting agenda" (https://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/media/1834/liver_boardreport_20140702.pdf) (PDF).
optn.transplant.hrsa.gov. 2014.
17. Kim, WR; Biggins, SW; Kremers, WK; Wiesner, RH; Kamath, PS; Benson, JT; Edwards, E; Therneau, TM (2008).
"Hyponatremia and mortality among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pm
c/articles/PMC4374557). N Engl J Med. 359 (10): 1018–6. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0801209 (https://doi.org/10.105
6%2FNEJMoa0801209). PMC 4374557 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4374557).
PMID 18768945 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18768945).
18. Kartoun, Uri (2018). "Toward an accelerated adoption of data-driven findings in medicine". Medicine, Health Care
and Philosophy. 22: 153–157. doi:10.1007/s11019-018-9845-y (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11019-018-9845-y).
PMID 29882052 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29882052).
19. Sacleux, Sophie-Caroline; Samuel, Didier (26 June 2019). "A Critical Review of MELD as a Reliable Tool for
Transplant Prioritization". Seminars in Liver Disease. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1688750 (https://doi.org/10.1055%2Fs-
0039-1688750). PMID 31242526 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31242526).
20. Chen, Jonathan H; Asch, Steven M (2017). "Machine Learning and Prediction in Medicine — Beyond the Peak of
Inflated Expectations" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953825). New England Journal of
Medicine. 376 (26): 2507–2509. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1702071 (https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMp1702071).
PMC 5953825 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5953825). PMID 28657867 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.
nih.gov/pubmed/28657867).
21. "kartoun/meld-plus" (https://github.com/kartoun/meld-plus). GitHub. 2018-01-07.
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