Samudragupta

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Samudragupta (समु गु त) (335 - 380 AD) was ruler of Gupta Empire and successor of Chandragupta.
Chandragupta died in 335 and was succeeded by his son Samudragupta, a tireless conqueror.

Contents

Conquests of Samudragupta
Samudragupta took the kingdoms of Ahichchhatra and Padmavati early in his reign. He then took the
Kingdom of Kota and attacked the tribes in Malavas, the Yaudheyas, the Arjunayanas, the Madras and the
Abhiras. By his death in 380, he had incorporated over twenty kingdoms into his realm, his rule extended from
the Himalayas to the river Narmada and from the Brahmaputra to the Yamuna. He gave himself the titles King
of Kings and World Monarch. He performed Ashwamedha yajna (horse sacrifice) to underline the importance
of his conquest. Samudragupta is considered to be one of the greatest military geniuses that India ever
produced, thus also known as the 'Napoleon of India'. His name is taken to be a title acquired by his conquests
(Samudra referring to the `oceans'). Samudragupta is believed to have been his father's chosen successor even
though he had several older brothers. It is therefore believed that after the death of Chandragupta I, there was
a struggle for succession in which Samudragupta prevailed.

Samduragupta was not only a warrior but also a great patron of art and literature. The important scholars
present in his court were Harishena, Vasubandhu and Asanga. He was a poet and musician himself. He was a
firm believer in Hinduism and is known to have worshipped Lord Vishnu. He was considerate of other
religions and allowed Sri Lanka's Buddhist king to build a monastery at Bodh Gaya.

He was succeeded by his son Ramagupta, who was captured by the Saka Satraps (Kshatrapas) and was soon
succeeded by his brother Chandragupta II.

The main source of Samudragupta's history is an inscription engraved on one of the stone pillars set up by
Ashoka in Kausambi (present day Allahabad). In this inscription Samudragupta details his conquests. This
inscription is also important because of the political geography of India that it indicates by naming the
different kings and peoples who populated India in the first half of the fourth century AD The inscription or
more aptly the eulogy to the Great Gupta's martial exploits states that its author is Harishena, who was an
important poet of Samudragupta's court.

The beginning of Samudragupta's reign was marked by the defeat of his immediate neighbours, Achyuta, ruler
of Ahichchhatra and Nagasena. Following this Samudragupta began a campaign against the kingdoms to the
south. This southern campaign took him south along the Bay of Bengal. He passed through the forest tracts of
Madhya Pradesh, crossed the Orissa coast, marched through Ganjam, Vishakapatnam, Godavari, Krishna and
Nellore districts and may have reached as far as Kancheepuram. Here however he did not attempt to maintain
direct control. After capturing his enemies he reinstated them as tributary kings. This act prevented the Gupta
Empire from attaining the almost immediate demise of the Maurya empire of Ashoka and is a testament to his
abilities as a statesman. The details of Samudragupta's campaigns are too numerous to recount here. These can
be found in the first reference below. However it is clear that he possessed a powerful navy in addition to his
army. In addition to tributary kingdoms, many other rulers of foreign states like the Saka and Kushana kings
accepted the suzerainty of Samudragupta and offered him their services.

Much is known about Samudragupta through coins issued by him. These were of eight different types and all
made of pure gold. His conquests brought him the gold and also the coin-making expertise from his
acquaintance with the Kushana. Samudragupta is also known to have been a man of culture. He was a patron
of learning, a celebrated poet and a musician. Several coins depict him playing on the Indian lyre or Veena. He
also restored the old Hindu practice of the Ashwamedha sacrifice. Though he favoured the Hindu religion like
the other Gupta kings, he was reputed to possess a tolerant spirit vis-a-vis other religions. A clear illustration of
this is the permission granted by him to the king of Ceylon to build a monastery for Buddhist pilgrims in Bodh
Gaya.

Beyond doubt Samudragupta was a great military general, but apart from that, his personal accomplishments
are equally remarkable. He showed great magnanimity towards all those kings who were defeated. His
polished intelligence and good knowledge of scriptures won him many admirers. He gathered a galaxy of
poets and scholars and took effective actions to foster and propagate religious, artistic and literary aspects of
Indian culture. He had good proficiency in music and was perhaps an accomplished Veena player. This fact is
amply demonstrated in his lyrist type coins. Most king took pride in trumpeting their bravery but
Samudragupta is the only king in whole of Indian history who showed softer side of his personality
(Kumargupta, his grandson, have copied this type and minted few Lyrist type gold coins, which are
exceedingly rare). These coins are very special and rare.

Vincent Smith has elevated Samudragupta in Indian history as the Napoleon of India. His tradition of (Milito)
religious toleration reflects in the Allahabad inscription and speaks thus " put to Shama the preceptor of the
lord of the gods. Brahaspati by his sharp and polished intellect and Tamburu and Narad by lovely
performance." Samudragupta had several sons. His rule is presumed to have been till about 375 AD.

Samudragupta probably died in AD 380, and was succeeded by his sons Ramagupta and Chandragupta.

Ram Sarup Joon[1] writes that ....Samudra Gupta conquered the whole of Punjab and a major part of India. The
clans defeated by him included

Malaya who ruled Malva named after their gotra.

Arjunayana who ruled Mewat and Jaipur;
Yaudheya whose rule included Bikaner and Bahawalpur;
Madrak whose capital was Sialkot;
Abir who ruled Badaun, and the Betwa Basin now called Ahirwara;
Vir Arjun clan who ruled Narisinghpur;
Sankanika who territory was present Gwalior;
Karaskar rule extended into present Mathura, Aligarh (there are 80 villages of these Jats in this area at present)
and Kharparika.
Samudra Gupta also subjugated the powerful Shaka and Kushana dynasties. In keeping with ancient traditions
he performed Asvamedh Yagya (Horse sacrifice ceremony). He was not only an eminent soldier but also a poet
and musician of omen calibre. Inspite of being a Jat he has not been maligned by Brahmin historians of Rajput
era. He died in 365 A.D. [? The date of his death is accepted by all historians as 375 A.D.]
Nalanda Copper-plate Inscription of Samudragupta Year
5
Ref - Epigraphia Indica XXV, p.50, Select Inscriptions by D. C. Sircar, p. 227

Gaya Copper-plate Inscription of Samudragupta Year 9

Ref- Corpus Inscripionum Indicarum, Vol. III by John Faithful Fleet p.254

Eran Stone Inscription of Samudragupta

(Lines 1 to 6, containing the whole of the first verse and the first half of the second, are entirely broken away and
lost.)

(Line 7.)— ....................................in giving gold ...................................... [by whom] Prithu and Râghava and other
kings [were outshone.]

(L. 9.)— . . . . . . . . . there was Samudragupta, equal to (the gods) Dhanada and Antaka in (respectively) pleasure
and anger; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by policy; (and) [by whom] the whole tribe of kings upon the earth was [overthrown]
and reduced to the loss of the wealth of their sovereignty;—

(L. 13.)— [Who], by . . . . . . . . . satisfied by devotion and policy and valour,—by the glories, consisting of the
consecration by besprinkling, &c., that belong to the title of 'king,'— (and) by . . . . . . . . . . . combined with supreme
satisfaction, — .................. (was) a king whose vigour could not be resisted;—

(L. 17.)— [By whom] there was married a virtuous and faithful wife, whose dower was provided by (his) manliness
and prowess; who was possessed of an abundance of [elephants] and horses and money and grain; who delighted
in the houses of .............; (and) who went about in the company of many sons and sons' sons;—

(L. 21.)— Whose deeds in battle (are) kindled with prowess; (whose) . . . . . . very mighty fame is always circling
round about; and whose enemies are terrified, when they think, even in the intervals of dreaming, of (his). . . . . . .
that are vigorous in war; —

(L. 25.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in a place in Airikina, the city of his own enjoyment. . . . . . . . . . . . . has been set up,
for the sake of augmenting his own fame.

(L. 27.) — . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when the king said . . . . . . .

(The rest of the inscription is entirely broken away and lost.)

Source: Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta:
Government of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 20-21.

Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta

 
Allahabad stone pillar inscription of Samudragupta
Ashoka Pillar: The 10.6 metre high, polished sandstone shaft dates from 232 BC and was found lying on the
ground in the fort in 1837 and set up at its present location. Inscribed on the column are Ashoka's edicts and a
later inscription eulogising the victories of Samudragupta (335-375 AD). This is the first record of the events in
this Gupta ruler's life.

A detailed record of the reign of Samudragupta is preserved in the shape of an inscription--a prasasti, or
panegyric, composed by the poet Harisena and engraved on the same pillar on which Emperor Asoka,
centuries before, had had an edict carved. The two inscriptions make a contrasting reading: Asoka's, written in
simple Pali, speaks of peace and righteousness; Samudragupta's, written in elegant and classical Sanskrit,
glorifies war.

But for the Allahabad prasasti of Samudragupta, we would not have known the political conditions prevalent
at that time. This inscription gives an exhaustive account of political career of Samudragupta and the
kingdoms conquered by him. Inscriptions also give glimpses regarding the social conditions of the ages to
which they belong.

Text of Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta in

English
Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta Sanskrit Text
समु गु त का याग त भ अ भलेख
(Line 2g.)-This lofty column (is) as it were an arm of the earth, थान: इलाहाबद (यह मूलत: कौशा बी म था जहां से लाकर
proclaiming the fame,-which, having pervaded the entire surface इलाहाबद कले म था पत कया गया)
of the earth with (its) development that was caused by (his)
conquest of the whole world, (has departed) hence (and now) भाषा: सं कृत, लपी: ा ी, काल: समु गु त (३३५-७६ ई.)
experiences the sweet happiness attained by (his) having gone
to the abode of (Indra) the lord of the gods,-of the
Mahārājādhirāja, the glorious Samudragupta, वषय:समु गु त का जीवन च रत तथा उपल धय का ववरण

(L. 1.)-[Who] . . . . . by his own kinsmen . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . मूल पाठ

. . . . .;-whose . . . . . . . . . . .;-
१. यह:....कु यै: (?).... वै....◌ातस....
(L. 3.)-[Who] . . . . twanging (of the bow-string) . . . . . . . . . . burst
open and scattered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dishevelled . . . . . . २. [य य ?] ....(॥) [१]
. . . . .;
३. ---मुं (?) व....
(L. 5.)-Whose happy mind was accustomed to associate with
learned people; who was the supporter of the real truth of the
scriptures; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . firmly fixed . . . . . . .;-who, having ४. [ फ़]र ं (?) .... : फ़टो [ ] सत.... वतत....(॥) [२]
overwhelmed, with the (force of the) commands of the
collective merits of (his) learned men, those things which ५. य य [ ानु]षङ् को चत-सुख-मनस: शा -त[ व]◌ा थ-भ ु:
obstruct the beauty of excellent poetry, (still) enjoys,in the world
of the wise, the sovereignty of the fame (produced) by much
poetry, . . . . . . and of clear meaning;- --- त धो--- न*****---नौ छृ --- (।)

६. [स] का - ी- वरोधाब धु-गु णत-गुणा ाहतानेव कृ वा

[ व] लोके(S) व[ना][ श(] फ़टब -क वता-

क त-रा यं भुन (॥) [३]

७. [आ][ य ]]ही युपगु भाव- पशुनै क ण तै रोम भ:

(L 7.)-Who, being looked at (with envy) by the faces, melancholy स येषू छृ सतेषु तु य-कुलज-
(through the rejection of themselves), of others of equal birth,
while the attendants of the court breathed forth deep sighs (of लालाननो [त]: (।)
happiness), was bidden by (his) father,--who, exclaiming "Verily
(he is) worthy," embraced (him) with the hairs of (his) body ८. [ ने]ह- ालु लतेन बा प-गु णा त वे णा च ुषा
standing erect (through pleasure) (and thus)indicative of (his)
sentiments, and scanned (him) with an eye turning round and
round in affection, (and) laden with tears (of joy), (and) य प ा भ हतो न[री य] न ख[लां] [पा ेव]
perceptive of (his noble) nature,-[to govern of a surety] the [मुव ]] म त (॥) [४]
whole world;

(L. 9.)-Whose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . some people (were ९. [ ] वा कमा यनेका यमनुज-स शा य[ ]तो -हषा
accustomed to) taste with affection, displaying exceeding great
joy when they beheld (his) many actions that resembled nothing भा[◌ा]वैर वादय [ त:]*****--- ---[के] चत
of a mortal nature; (and) whose protection other people,
afflicted by (his) prowess, sought, performing obeisance, . . . . . . (।)
. . .. . . . .;--.
१०. वीय ता के च छरणमुपगता य य वृ े(S) णामे-
(L. 11.)-[Whose] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . doers of great wrong, always
conquered by his arm in battle, . . . . . . tomorrow and to-morrow
. . . . . . . . . . . . pride . . . . . .. . . . . . . repentance, with minds filled () य[ त?]- तेषु--- --- --- --- (।) [५]
with contentment (and) expanding with much clearly displayed
pleasure and affection, . . . . . . . . . the spring (?);- ११. सं ामेषु व-भुज- व जता न यमु चापकारा:

(L. 13.)-By whom,-having, unassisted, with the force of the

prowess of (his) arm that rose up so as to pass all :- ो मान- --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- (।)
bounds,uprooted Achyuta and Nāgasena . . .;-
१२. तोषोतु ै : फ़ट-ब -रस- नेह-फ़ लै मनो भ:
(L. 14.)-(by whom), causing him who was born in the family of
the Kotas to be captured by (his) armies, (and) taking his
pleasure at(the city) that had the name of Pushpa, while the sun प ा ापं व --- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- म[?] य[
. . . . . the banks . . . . . .;- ] स त[म?] (।) [६]
(L. 15.)-(Of whom it used to be said),- "The building of the pale
of religion; fame as white as the rays of the moon, (and) १३. उ े लो दत-बा -वी य-रभसादे केन येन णा-
spreading far and wide; wisdom that pierced the essential
nature of things; . . . . . calmness . . . . . . . .; the path of the
मू याचुत-नागसेन-ग1 --- --- ---- ---- ---- (-
sacred hymns, that is worthy to be studied; and even poetry,
which gives free vent to the power of the mind of poets; (all --)
these are his); (in short) what (virtue) is there that does not
belong to him, who alone is a worthy subject of contemplation
१४ द डैगाहयतैव कोतकुलजं पु पा ये डता2
for those who can recognise merit and intellect ?;"-

(L. 17.)-Who was skilful in engaging in a hundred battles of सू य (?) न य (?) --- --- तट --- --- --- (॥)
various kinds;-whose only ally was the prowess of the strength
of his own arm;-who was noted for prowess;-whose most [७]
charming body was covered over with all the beauty of the
marks of a hundred confused wounds, caused by the blows of १५. ध म- ाचीर-ब ध: श श-कर-शुचय: क तय: स- ताना
battle-ayes, arrows, spears, pikes, barbed darts, swords, lances,
javelinsfor throwing, iron arrows, vaitastikas, and many other
(weapons);- वै यं त व-भे द शम् ---- ---- ---, कु---
यमु(सु?) --- ता थम् (?) (।)
(L. 19.)-Whose great good fortune was mixed with, so as to be
increased by (his) glory produced by the favour shewn in
capturing and then liberating Mahendra of K?sala, Vyāghraraja १६. [अ येय:]सू मा ग: क व-म त- वभवोतसारणं चा प
of Mahākantāra, Mantarāja of Kurūḷa, Mahendra of Pishtapura, का ं
Svāmidatta of Kottura on the hill, Damana of
Erandapalla,Vishnugopa of Kānchi,Nīlarāja of
Avamukta,Hastivarman of Vengā, Ugrasena of Palakka, Kubera
को नु या ो (अ) य न यादगुण-म त-
of Devarāshtra, Dhananjaya of Kusthalapura, and all the other [ व] षां यानपा ं य एक: (॥) [८]
kings of the region of the south;-
१७. तय व वध-समर शतावतरण-द य वभुज-बल-
परा मैकब धो: परा ामांक य परशु
(L. 21.)-Who abounded in majesty that had been increased by शर-शंक-श - ासा स-तोमर-
violently exterminating Rudradeva, Matila,Nāgadatta,
Chandravarman,Ganapatināga,Nāgasena,Achyutanandin,
Balavarman, and many other kings of (the land of) Āryāvarta;- १८. भ दपाल-न[◌ा]राच-वैत तका नेक- हरण- व ढाकुल-
who made all the kings of the forest countries to become (his) ण-शतांक-शोभा-समुदयो-प चत-
servants;

(L. 22.)-Whose imperious commands were fully gratified, by का ततर-व मण:

giving all (kinds of) taxes and obeying (his) orders and coming
to perform obeisance, by the frontier-kings of Samatata,Davaka, १९. कोसलमहे -माह[◌ा]का तारक ा राज-
Kamarupa, Nepala,Kartripura, and other (countries), and by the
कौरालकम टराज-पै पुरक-महे ग र-कौ रक
Mālavas, Arjunāyanas, Yaudheyas, Madrakas, Abhiras,
Prārjunas, Sanakanikas Kākas, Kharaparikas, and other (tribes);-
वा मद ैर डप लकदमन-
(L. 23.)-Whose tranquil fame, pervading the whole world, was
generated by establishing (again) many royal families, fallen
का चेयक व णुगोपावसमु क-
and deprived of sovereignty;-whose binding together of the
(whole) world, by means of the amplitude of the vigour of (his) २०. नीलराज वै े यकह तव म-पा लको सेन-दै वरा कुबेर-
arm, was effected by the acts of respectful service, such as कौ थलपुरक-धन य- भृ त-
offering themselves as sacrifices, bringing presents of maidens
(giving) Garuda-tokens, (surrendering) the enjoyment of their
own territories, soliciting (his) commands, &c., (rendered) by the स वद णापथराज- हण-मो ानु ह-ज नत-
Daivaputras, Shahis, Shahanushahis, Sakas, and Murundas, and
by the people of Simhala and all (other) dwellers in islands;-who
तापो म -महाभा य य3
had no antagonist (of equal power) in the world;-who, by the
overflow of the multitude of (his) various virtues adorned by a २१. दे व-म तल-नागद -च वमा-गणप तनाग-नागसेना युत-
hundred good actions, rubbed out the fame of other kings with न द-बल-व मा- नेका याव -
the soles of (his) feet;-who, being incomprehensible, was the
spirit that was the cause of the production of good and the
destruction of evil;-who, being full of compassion, had a tender राज- सभो रणो त- भाव-महत:4
heart that could be won over simply by devotion and obeisance;-
who was the giver of many hundreds of thousands of cows;-
प रचारक कृत-स वाट वक-राज य

(L. 26.)-Whose mind busied itself with the support and the २२. समतट-डवाक-काम प-नेपाल-क ृपुरा द- य त-
initiation, &c., of the miserable, the poor, the helpless, and the
नृप त भ मालवाजुनायन-यौधेय-मा काभीर- ाजुन-सनकानीक-
afflicted;--who was the glorified personification of kindness to
mankind;-who was equal to (the gods) Dhanada and Varuna and काक-खरप रका द भ 5 स व-कर -दाना ाकरण- णामागमन-
Indra and Antaka;-whose officers were always employed in
restoring the wealth of the various kings who had been
23. प रतो षत- चंड-शासन य ...... दे वपु षाहीषाहनुषा ह-
conquered by the strength of his arms;-
शकमु ं डै:सहलका द भ
(L. 27.)-Who put to shame (Kashyapa) the preceptor of (Indra)
the lord of the gods, and Tumburu, and Nārada, and others, by 24. स व प वा स भरा म नवेदन-क योपायन-दान-गु मदं क
(his) sharp and polished intellect and choral skill and musical
accomplishments;- who established (his) title of 'king of poets' व वषयभू शासन (या ) चना ु-पाय-सेवाकृत ....
by various poetical compositions that were fit to be the means
of subsistence of learned people;-whose many wonderful and 25.
noble deeds are worthy to be praised for a very long time;-
26.
(L. 28.)-Who was a mortal only in celebrating the rites of the
observances of mankind, (but was otherwise) a god, dwelling
on the earth;-who was the son of the son's son of the Mahārāja,
the illustrious Gupta;- who was the son's son of the Mahārāja,
the illustrious Ghatotkacha;--who vas the son of the 31. पुना त भुवन- यं पशुपते जटा तगुह- नरोध-परोमो -
Mahārājādhirāja, the glorious Chandragupta (I.), (and)- the शी मव पा डु गा (पय:)।।....
daughter's son of Lichchhavi, begotten on the Mahādevī
Kumāradevī;-
1. संभवत: यह गणप त का पहला अ र है।
(L. 30.) -(And) chose fame,-ever heaped up higher and higher by
the development of (his) liberality and prowess of arm and
composure and (study of ) the precepts of the scriptures,- -- 2. कोत प रवार अपनी सेना ारा बंद बनाया गया जब वह
travelling by many paths, purifies the three worlds, as if it were पाट लपु म खेल रहा था ।
the pale yellow water of (the river) Gangā, flowing quickly on
being liberated from confinement in the thickets of the matted
hair (जटा) of (the god) Pashupati.
 (L. 31.) -And this poetical composition,- (the work) of the 3. कोशल = द णी कोशल (रायपुर, संभलपुर, बलासपुर),
Khādyatapākika, the son of the Mahādandanāyaka Dhruvabhūti,
माहाका तार = जंगली े , ा राज = ा दे व, कोरालक =
the Samdhivigrahika and Kumāramatya, the Mahādandanāyaka
Harishena,who is the slave of these same feet of the कुणाल जल (कोलार ताल ऐलोरा के पास), पै पुर ==
Bhattāraka, (and) whose mind is expanded by the favour of पीठापुरम, महे ग र = महे पवत, कौ र = कोठू र महे गर
constantly walking about in (his) presence,-let it be for the
welfare and happiness of all existing beings! के पास, का चेय == का ीवराम, अवमु == अभी अ ात,
वगी == आधु नक वगी, प लक = प लकड, दै वरा = दे वराठे
(L. 33.)-And the accomplishment of the matter has been
गाँव खानपुर तालुका, कु थलपुर = कुश थलयु ( ारका),
effected by the Mahādandanāyaka Tilabhaṭṭaka, who meditates
on the feet of the Paramabhattāraka.
4. दे व = सेन वाकाटक या सेन III (शुंग वंश का प म
Source - From: Fleet, John F. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: भारत का शासक), म तल == बुलंदशहर का, च वमा =
Inscriptions of the Early Guptas. Vol. III. Calcutta: Government
of India, Central Publications Branch, 1888, 10-17. सुस नया पवत का च वम, गणप तनाग, नागसेन = नाग
शासक प ावती के, अ युत = बरेक के न दन को अ युत के
साथ जोड़कर समस अ युतन दन बना है.

5. समतट = उ री पूव बंगाल आधु नक बाद-का त जला

Sanskrit text in Roman तयेरा, डवाक = डबोक (नवगांव, आसाम), काम प = गौहाट
Allahabad Stone Pillar Inscr. of Samudragupta (Fl. No. 1; (आसाम), क ृपुर = करतारपुर (जालंधर), कटो रया = गढ़वाल,
Bh. No.1538) मालव = राज थान का द णी भाग और मालवा के वासी,
आजुनायन = मथुरा के पास से ा त मु ाएँ, यौधेय =
1. ...... kulyaiх(?)....................svai
जो हयावार वासी, ाजुन = नर सहपुर म य दे श के वासी,
................аtasa...........................................
2. [yasya?]......................................... (||*)[1*] सनकानीक == पूव मालवा, काक = ककनादबोट साँची म य
3. . muм दे श, म क = शाकल वासी (आधु नक याल कोट,
(?)va............................................................................................... पा क तान), आभीर = अपनत (उ री क कण वासी)
4. [sphu]radvaм (?).................kшaх sphuтoddha[м]sita प रतो षत- चंड-शासन य
..............pravitata.......(||*)[2*]
5. yasya pra[jгаnu]шaкg-ochita-sukha-manasaх щаstra-ta[ttv]-
[2]
аrttha-bharttuх Я Я stabdh-o я Я Я я ni я я я я Я n-occhр Я Я я Я समु गु त का याग त भ अ भलेख
Я (|*)
6. [sa*]tkаvya-щrи-virodhаn-budha-guнita-guн-аjг-аhatаn=eva kрtvа [vi]dval-loke(ё*)vi-[nа][щi*]sphuтa-bahu-kavitа-
kиrtti-rаjyaм bhunakti (||*)[3]
7. [А*]ryyo hиty=upaguhya bhаva-piщunair-utkarннitai romabhiх sabhyeшуcchvasiteшu tulya-kulaja-mlаn-аnan-
odvиkшi[ta]х (|*)
8. [sne]ha-vyаluлitena bашpa-guruна tattv-ekшiна cakшuша yaх pitrаbhihito ni[rиkшya] nikhi[lам*] [pаhyeva*]
[murvи]miti (||*)[4*]
9. [dр*]штvа karmанy-anekаny-amanuja-sadрщаny-a[dbhu]t-odbhinna-harша bh[а*]vair-аsvаdaya[ntaх*]я я Я я я Я
Я Я Я Я Я я [ke*]cit(|*)
10. vиry-ottaptащ-ca kecich-chharaнam=upagatа yasya vрtte(ё*)praнаme(ё*)py=a[rtti?]-[grasteшu*] Я Я я я я я я я
Я Я я Я Я я Я Я (||*)[5*]
11. saмgrаmeшu sva-bhuja-vijitа nityam=ucch-аpakаrах щvaх-щvaх mаna-pra я я я я Я Я я Я Я я Я Я(|*)
12. toш-ottuкgaiх sphuтa-bahu-rasa-sneha-phullair-mmanobhiх paщcаttаpaм va я я я я Я Я я
ma[?]sy[а]d=vasanta[m?](||*)[6*]
13. udvel-odita-bаhu-vиryya-rabhasаd=ekena yena kшaнаd-unmуly-аcyuta-nаgasena-ga- я Я Я Я я Я Я я Я (|*)
14. daндair=grаhayat=aivaKota-kula-jaм puшp-аhvaye krидatа sуryye(?)nitya(?) я Я Я taтa я Я Я Я я Я Я Я Я (||*)
[7*]
15. Dharmma-prаcиra-bandhaх щaщi-kara-щuchayaх kиrttayaх sa pratаnаvaiduшya tattva-bhedи praщama я я я
uku Я pa я mu(su?)Я я tаrttham(?)(|*)
16. [addheyayaх] sуkta-mаrggaх kavi-mati-vibhav-otsаraнam ch=аpi kаvyaм ko nu syаd-yo ё*sya na syаd-guнa-
mаti-[vi]duшам dhyаna-pаtraм-ya ekaх (||*)[8*]
17. tasya vividha-samara щat-аvataraнa-dakшasya sva-bhuja-bala-parаkkram-aikabandhoх parаkkram-акkasya
paraщu-щara-щaкku-щakti-prаs-asi-tomara
18. bhindipаla-n[а]rаca-vaitаstik-аdy-aneka-prahаraнa-virудh-аkula-vraнa-щat-акka-щobhа-samuday-opacita-
kаntatara-varшmaнaх
 19. kausalaka-mahendra-mаh[а*]kаntаraka-vyаghrarаja-kaurаlaka-maнтarаja-paiштapuraka-mahendragiri-
kauттуraka-svаmidatt-airaндapallaka-damana-kaгceyaka-viшнugop-аvamuktaka-
20. nиlarаja-vaiкgeyaka-hastivarmma-pаlakkak-ograsena-daivarаштraka-kubera-kausthalapuraka-danaгjaya-
prabhрti-sarvva-dakшiнаpatha-rаja-grahaнa-mokш-аnugraha-janita-pratаp-onmiщra-mаhаbhаgyasya
21. rudradeva-matila-nаgadatta-candravarmma-ganapatinаga-nаgasenаcyuta-nandi-balavarmm-аdy-anek-
аryyаvartta-rаja-prasabh-oddharaн-odvрtta-prabhаva-mahataх paricаrakи kрta-sarvv-атavika-rаjasya
22. samataтa-дavаka-kаmarуpa-nepаla-kartрpur-аdi-pratyanta-nрpatibhir-mmаlav-аrju-nаyana-yaudheya- mаdrak-
аbhиra-prаrjуna-sanakаnиka-kаka-kharaparik-аdibhiщ=ca sarvva-kara-dаn-аjга-karaнa-praнаmа-gamana
23. paritoшita-pracaндa-щаsanasya aneka-bhraштa-rаjyotsanna-rаjavaмщa-pratiштhаpan-odbhуta-nikhila-
bhu[va]na-[vicaraнa-ща]nta-yaщasaх daivaputra-шаhi-шаhаnuшаhi-щaka-muruндaih saimhaлakаdibhiщca
24. sarvva-dvиpa-vаsibhir-аtmanivedana-kanyopаyanadаna-garutmad-aкka-svaviшaya-bhukti-щаsana-[y]аcan-аdy-
upаya-sevа-kрta-bаhu-vиryya-prasara-dharaнi-bandhasya prithivyаm=a-pratirathasya
25. sucarita-щat-аlaкkрt-аneka-guнa-gaн-otsiktibhiщ-caraнa-taлa-pramршт-аnya-narapati-kиrtteх sаddhv-asаdh-
уdaya-pralaya-hetu-puruшasy=а-cintyasya bhaktyavanati-mаtra-grаhya-mрdu-hрdayasy=аnukampаvato=(т*)neka-
go-щata-sahasra-pradаyina[х]
26. [kрpa]нa-dиn-аnаth-аtura-jan-oddharaнa-santradиkш-аbhyupagata-manasaх samiddhasya vigrahavato lok-
аnugrahasya dhanada-varuн-endr-аntaka-samasya sva-bhuja-bala-vijit-аneka-narapati-vibhava-pratyarppaна-nitya-
vyаpрt-аyukta-puruшasya
27. niщita-vidagdha-mati-gаndharvva-laлitair-vrидita-tridaщapatiguru-tumburu-nаrad-аder-vvidvaj-jan-opajиvy-
аneka-kаvya-kkriyаbhiх pratiштhita-kavirаja-щabdasya sucira-stotavy-аnek-аdbhut-odаra--caritasya
28. loka-samaya-kkriy-аnuvidhаna-mаtra-mаnuшasya loka-dhаmno devasya mahаrаja-щrи-gupta-prapautrasya
mahаrаja-щrи-ghaтotkaca-pautrasya mahаrаjаdhirаja-щrи-candragupta-putrasya
29. licchavi-dauhitrasya mahаdevyам kumаradevyам-utpannasya mahаrаjаdhirаja-щrи-samudraguptasya sarvva-
pрthivи-vijaya-janit-odaya-vyаpta-nikhil-аvanitalам kirttиm= itas=tridaщapati
30. bhavana-gaman-аvаpta-laлita-sukha-vicaraнаm-аcakшанa iva bhuvo-bаhur-ayam= ucchritaх stambhaх (|*)
yasya pradаna-bhujavikkrama-praщama-щаstravаky-odayair= uparyyupari-saгcay-occhritamanekamаrggaм
yaщaх(|*)
31. punаti bhuvana-trayaм paщupater=jjaт-аntar-guhа- nirodha-parimokшa-щиghram=iva pандu gакgaм [payaх*]
(||*)/1* etac=cha kаvyam-eшаm-eva bhaттаrakapаdаnам dаsasya samиpa-parisarppaн-аnugrah-onmиlita-mateх
32. khаdya(kу*)тapаkikasya mahаdaндanаyaka-dhruvabhуti-putrasya sаndhivigrahika-kumаrаmаtya-
ma[hаdaндanаya*]ka-hariшeнasya sarvva-bhуta-hita-sukhаyаstu |
33. anuштhitaм ca paramabhaттаraka-pаd-аnudhyаtena mahаdaндanаyaka-tilabhaттakena |

Commentaries and variants.

(From CII III, (Bh.), SI, 262-268. Fleet, CII, III, pp. 6ff.; Bhandarkar`s List No. 1538).

L.1 first 4 lines, containing two verses are almost wholly destroyed. Fleet: [yaх] before kulyaiх.
L.3 Fleet - pu(?)мv instead muм.
L.4 Fleet - sphа(?)ra-dva(?). L.7 CII.III (Bh) - [e*][heva] instead [А*]ryyo.
L.9 CII.III (Bh) - [ko] instead [ke].
L.13 ga may be supposed to be the first akshara of the name gaнapati (cf. line 21 below). The lacuna then may be
conjecturally filled up by gaнapatyаdinnрpаn saкgare (SI).
L.24 read pрthivyа- (SI).
L.25 Properly sаdhvasаdhу- instead sаddhv-asаdh- (SI).
L.26 Read mantra (SI) or sattra. But uddharaнa-mantra is better.(CII,III,Bh.). Fleet: dиkшаdyupa- instead dиkш-
аbhyupagata-.
L.29 read -utpanna- (SI).

No. 1. L. 21 : दे व-म तल-नागद -च व म-गणप तनाग-नागसेना युत-न द-व मा नेका य व राज- सभो रणो त भावमहत:....।

No. I.L. 22 : समतट-डवाक-काम प-नेपाल कृ पुरा द- य तनृप त भ: ....।

No. I, LL. 22-23 :मलवाजुनायन-यौधेय-मा काभीर- ाजुन-सनकानीक-काक-खरप रका द भ स व कर -दाना ाकरण- णामागमन-प रतो षत-
चंड-शासन य ।

No. I, LL., 23-24 : दे वपु षाहीषाहनुषा ह-शकमु ं डै:सहलका द भ

स व प वा स भरा म नवेदन-क योपायन-दान-गु मदं क व वषयभू शासन (या ) चना -ु पाय-सेवाकृत ...

L.L. 30-31, V.9 : दान-भुज- व म- शम-शा वा योदयै प युप र-स चयो त-मनेक-मागग यश: । पुना त भुवन- यं पशुपते जटा तगुह-
नरोध-परोमो -शी मव पा डु गा (पय:)।।

Bhim Singh Dahiya on tribes in inscription

Bhim Singh Dahiya writes that the Allahabad pillar inscription of Samudragupta mentions the Malavas,
Arjunayanas, the Yaudheyas, the Madras, the Madras, the Abhiras, the Prarjuna, the Sankanikas, the Kaks and
the Kharaparikas etc. He further explains that the inscription of Dharan Jat emperor, names the other Jat
clans.[3][4]

Malava = Mall, Malli (Malloi of Greeks)

Arjunayana = ?
Madra = Mad, Madan, Madhan, Maderna
Abhira = Abara (well known of Abhira-Ahir equation)
Prar = Brar
Juna = Joon
Sankanika = Salkalan
Kak = Kak, Khak
Kharaparika = Kharap,Kharab or Kharra+Varika
Munda = Moond
Atvi = Atwal
Potal = Potalia

Eran pillar Inscription of Samudragupta

There is another undated Pillar Inscription of the time of Samudragupta got engraved by a feudatory on a
rectangular stone pillar found in the ruins of a temple at Eran village of sagar district in madhya Pradesha.
Apart from recording the building of a temple there the inscription contains a short euology of samudragupta
ina partly damaged form.

See also
Eran - For Eran pillar Inscription of Samudragupta

References
1. History of the Jats/Chapter IV ,p. 58
2. भारतीय पुरालेख का अ ययन: ारा शव व प सहाय, प. २४६-२४७
3. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. III, No.1
4. Bhim Singh Dahiya, Jats - The Ancient Rulers, p. 234-235
External links
Inscriptions of Samudragupta
Bharatiya Puralekhon Ka Adhyayan Studies In Ancient Indian Inscriptions By Shiv Swarup Sahay

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