Chapter II

Methodology

This chapter gives an overview on the researchers’ methods and approaches on gathering

data and this includes the research design, participants and sampling technique, research

instruments, data gathering procedure and methods of data analysis.

Research design

The researchers have established a descriptive survey research whereas survey according

to Polit and Hungler (n.a) is used to obtain information from groups of people (i.e. populations).

In addition, this quantitative research study aims to obtain numerical data through formal,

objective, and systematic statistical process to gather information used the descriptive survey

design as its ground to establish the associations with the variables that was being studied in this

research. In line with this kind of research design the researchers did no attempt on manipulating

or changing the behaviour or conditions that the variables possess from the beginning until the

end of the research proper. The researchers respectably used a structured closed-ended multi-

choice-responses questionnaire as a research instrument.

Participants and Sampling technique

This study is comprised of students coming from both year levels of senior high school

(Grade 11 and Grade 12) which is comprised of three (3) strands (STEM, ABM and HUMMS) in

Holy Family Montessori of San Jose Batangas Inc. In general, the total population is consists of

64 female and 105 male participants with a total population of one hundred sixty nine (169)
respondents coming from both year levels. To ensure that the proportion of some individuals

with certain characteristics will be included, the researchers have decided to consider stratified

random sampling or the formulation of samples that includes representative groups of study units

with specific characteristics coming from the whole population of the students as its sampling

technique. Herein, the researchers congregated 60 of female participants and 58 male participants

with a total of 118 respondents that will represent the whole population in the survey research.

With this, the researchers ensured that all the participants included in the survey is an enrolled

student at Holy Family Montessori in the school year 2017-2018 and are senior high school

students with ages ranging from 15-18 years old and are subjected to one of the academic strands

provided by the school and are eligible to provide precise and truthful responses to the

researchers’ questionnaires.

Research Instruments

To be able to come up with a set of survey questionnaires that is categorized into four (4)

categories with a maximum of ten (10) questions per category namely Environment, Academic

Assessments, Sleep Deprivation and School Activities with the total number of forty (40)

structured closed-ended ( quantifiable and are answerable by the scales used by the researchers)

multi-choice-response questionnaires ( Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Uncertain, Agree, Strongly

Agree) that is intended for the students respondents, the researchers have reviewed the related

literature of the study then the researchers carefully sought what information to include, and

make sure that they are familiar with the respondents ways of thinking and analysing based on

their academic attainment. After brainstorming, the researchers have their survey instrument

revised and printed for the validators to check and give some comments for the development of

the instrument after they have received the validation letter given by the researchers as to seek
for their knowledge and skills as to improve and validate the questionnaires. The forty (40) item

questionnaire is intended to answer the research’s problem statement that is comprised of three

(3) specific sub questions.

Data Gathering Procedure

After the formulation and validation of the researchers’ survey instruments the

researchers tried to gather different participants from two (2) private educational institution and

(1) public school located in San Jose, Batangas namely Holy Family Montessori, Saint Joseph

Academy and Taysan National High school however due to unfavourable circumstances the

researchers have only gathered and surveyed one hundred and eighteen (118) senior high school

participants from Holy Family Montessori. The researchers perform their survey for two (2)

consecutive days because of the conflict between the respondents as well as the researchers’

schedules. The researchers administered their survey questionnaires in the Grade 11 students

under the supervision of the Grade 11 (ABM and HUMMS) adviser Ms. Veronica Ramos after

the brief explanation and statement regarding their confidentiality and the survey lasted for about

fifteen minutes. Upon finishing answering the survey instruments the researchers collected and

calculated the total number of sheets answered and upon looking they found out that one (1) of

the one hundred eighteen (118) random stratified respondents refused to answer the survey

questionnaires given. With that, the researchers did not aim for a new respondent and continue

on processing the data in Microsoft excel together with the tallied grade 12 respondents’ data.

The data gathering procedures are done smoothly however, due to unfavourable situations, the

researchers managed to give the consent form to school directress lastly. But all in all the
research ethics are practiced accordingly that leads to the gathering of accurate and precise data.

The survey questionnaires together with the participants’ information are kept properly to ensure

the safety and privacy of the participants together with the raw data written in each survey

questionnaire.

Methods of Data Analysis

Since the researchers conducted a descriptive survey research the raw data given by

the collected answered research instruments are analysed through descriptive data analysis from

which the numerical values obtained statistically from the samples that gives meaning to the data

collected is used to process and analyse the data on hand. The researchers have used a statistical

index that describes the average of the set of values commonly known as the measure of central

∑𝑥
tendency and the researchers specifically used the mean with the formula X = where x stands
𝑛

for the mean, then ∑ 𝑥 stands for the sum of the value of the raw data and n stands for the total

number of population for the calculation of the sum of the raw data divided by the total number

of participants or the average which is also equivalent to percentage that is derived from the data

provided by the frequency distribution with the formula of ∑𝑓 = 𝑛 whereas ∑ is equivalent to

the phrase “summation of’ and f stands for the frequency of how many times the data appears in

the whole computation while n is the total population of the sample.