05/01/2019 ACOUSTIC VARIABLES - KASIA's E-portfolio

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Principles and
ACOUSTIC VARIABLES
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Physics
1. SOUND WAVES ACOUSTIC VARIABLES
ACOUSTIC
PARAMETERS Quan es that vary in a sound wave:
ACOUSTIC
VARIABLES Pressure, Density, Par cle mo on, Temperature
ATTENUATION
INCIDENCE · Whenever a wave passes through a medium, there is a change in
PROP.SPEED, some property of the medium
IMPEDANCE,
REFRACTION
· Pressure, density, par cle mo on, temperature are all subject to
PULSED US change as acous c wave passes through medium
RANGE · Waves go through cycles of increase and decrease, par cles of
EQUATION medium oscillate back and forth
THE "BIGNESS"
PARAMETERS Acoustic variables are sound wave quantities that vary in
2. GENERAL
TERMS
space and time.
3. ARRAYS There are four acoustic variables:
4. DOPPLER 1. Pressure -force divided by the area in a fluid
5. ARTIFACTS 2. Density- concentration of matter - mass/ volume (units: g/mL)
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3. Particle vibrations/motion
4. Temperature

Variables Descrip on
Unit of measure
Pressure concentra on of force in an
area pascals (Pa)

Density concentra on of ma er (mass per unit

volume) kg/cm³

Par cle mo on measure of

distance any unit of
distance

cm, feet, mile

Temperature measure of
heat degrees F or C

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The horizontal do ed line represents the normal density of the medium. All the points
above the do ed line represent higher densi es, and the points below the do ed line
represent lower densi es than the normal density.

Particle velocity – speed at which particles vibrate back and forth across
their mean positions

Sound waves are safe. There are no known biological effects of

diagnostic sound waves. They are not electromagnetic waves, but have
different levels:

Infrasound < 20 Hertz

Audible sound 20 – 20,000 Hertz
Ultrasound > 20,000 Hertz

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