Classification of soil

 The soil classification according to the size of particles.

 The soil which diameter of soil less than 0.067 mm called cohesive soil and
consists of clay and silt.
 The soil diameter of particles more than 0.067 called cohesion less soil and
consists of sand, gravel and stone

Soil separate – size limit as:

Stone > 60 mm

Coarse gravel 20 – 60 mm
Gravel Medium gravel 6 – 20 mm
Fine gravel 2 – 6 mm
Coarse sand 0.6 – 2 mm
Sand Medium sand 0.2 – 0. 6 mm
Fine sand 0.06 – 0.2 mm
Coarse silt 0.02 – 0. 06 mm
Silt Medium silt 0.006 – 0.02 mm
Fine silt 0.002 – 0.006 mm

Clay < 0.002

Sketch the classification of soil according to the size of Diameter shown in fig. (1 )

 The Soil Consists of two kinds of soil

I. Organic Soil
II. Inorganic Soil which consists of cohesive soil (clay - silt ) and cohesive less
soil (sand - gravel - stone)
Properties of Soil:

Between the soil particles there are the internal forces that the soil can be offer
to resist failure and sliding a long any plane inside it. One of there is cohesive
strength (C) and the other is angle of internal friction (φ).

The cohesive strength appear clearly in cohesive soil, more than the cohesion less
soil is called by this forces ..

Cohesive soil  called C – soil and

Cohesion less soil  called φ – soil

But the soil in general called C – φ soil.