EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

Thermocouples

Container

Supporting steel
frame

TEST SETUP

 Height – 70cm
 Width – 70cm
 No. of vertical thermocouples – 5
 No. of horizontal thermocouples – 2
 Distance of 1st vertical thermocouple from the center of the containers – 0 cm
 Distance of 1st horizontal thermocouple from the center of the containers –15cm
 Distance between each vertical thermocouple – 10cm
 Distance between each horizontal thermocouple – 10cm

CONTAINERS
 Diameter of the container A – 20cm
 Diameter of the container B – 10cm
 Material – Stainless steel
 Height – 5cm
 Thickness – 2mm
FUELS
 Volume of the fuels used in container A – 62.8 cm3
 Volume of the fuels used in container B – 15.7 cm3

TYPE OF FUELS USED

 Acetone
 Ethanol
 Benzene

PROPERTIES OF FUELS

ACETONE ( C3H6O )

 Acetone is a colorless mobile flammable liquid with a pleasant, fruity odor.

 Melting at -95.4 °C and boiling at 56.53 °C.
 It has a specific gravity of 0.819 (at 0 °C).
 It is readily soluble in water, ethanol, ether, etc.
 Molar mass – 58.08 g/mol

ETHANOL ( C2H5OH )

 Pure ethanol is a flammable, colorless liquid with a boiling point of 78.5° C.

 Its low melting point of -114.5° C allows it to be used in antifreeze products.
 It has a pleasant odor reminiscent of whiskey.
 Its density is 789 g/l about 20% less than that of water.
 Molar mass – 46.07 g/mol
 BENZENE ( C6H6 )
 Benzene is immiscible in water but soluble in organic solvents.
 It is a colourless liquid and has an aromatic odour.

 It has a density of 0.87g cm-3.

 Benzene has a moderate boiling point and a high melting point.

 It is highly inflammable and burns with a sooty flame.

 Molar mass – 78.11 g/mol

THERMOCOUPLES:-
 Type – K

TYPE K TEMPERATURE RANGE:

 Thermocouple grade wire, –454 to 2,300F (–270 to 1260C)

 Extension wire, 32 to 392F (0 to 200C)

TYPE K ACCURACY (WHICHEVER IS GREATER):

 Standard: +/- 2.2C or +/- .75%

 Special Limits of Error: +/- 1.1C or 0.4%
 TEST PROCEDURE

 The steel frame test setup was designed and constructed to hold the K-type
thermocouple for measuring temperature at different heights.
 Thermocouple were aligned in a such a way that the tip of all the thermocouples
were along the central axis of the containers.
 5 thermocouples were placed vertically at a gap of 10 cm each.
 2 thermocouples were placed horizontally to measure the radiant heat.
 The test setup was connected to laptop via data logger.

TEST SETUP DATA LOGGER LAPTOP

 The fuels in containers A & B were filled up to 2mm trim.

 The fuels were ignited with the help of an external source of ignition (burner).
 The thermocouple readings at different flame height were measured and stored in
the laptop.