FEA for 3D Beam Structures

By: Shiwei Zhou

Unit in Matlab
There is no pre-determined unit
Follow the unit in the following table
 Element in the local element
coordinate system,
Six degrees of freedom at each node, three translations and three rotations.
Compared with 2D beam, in 3D the degrees of freedom of nodes are
extended with displacement in the x-z plane, rotation in the x-z plane and
rotation around x-axis (i.e. torsion). Translation in x,y,z directions
Displacement Vector; Force Vector. Rotation about the x,y,z axises

Displac
ement
at node
1

Displac
ement
at node
2
Stiffness Matrix in Local Coordinates
 Stiffness Matrix in Local Coordinates

G: Shear modulus
Ix, Iy: torsional moment of inertia
J: Polar moment of inertia
Stiffness Matrix in Global Coordinates

where lij is the direction cosine of axis i with respect to axis j, and thus
the rows of the matrix correspond to the rotated vectors with respect
to the original ones corresponding to the columns.
lxX = cos α; lxY = cos β, and lxZ = cos γ

denote the cosine of the angle between two axes. These cosines are
called the direction cosines
3D Rotation Matrix
 3D Rotation Matrix in Matlab

l11 = (x2-x1)/L;
l21 = (y2-y1)/L;
l31 = (z2-z1)/L;
D = sqrt(l11*l11 + l21*l21);

l12 = -l21/D;
l22 = l11/D;
l32 = 0;

l13 = -l11*l31/D;
l23 = -l21*l31/D;
l33 = D;
R = [l11 l21 l31;
l12 l22 l32;
l13 l23 l33];
 The First 3D Example
E = 210 GPa, G = 84 GPa, A = 2 × 10−2
m2, Iy = 10 × 10−5 m4, Iz = 20 × 10−5 m4,
Ix =J = 5× 10−5 m4. (0,0,-3)

right-handed coordinates:
x
right thumb points along the z axis (0,0,0)
the curl of your fingers represents (3,0,0)
a motion from x axis to y axis

(0,-4,0)
N = [0 0 0
E =[1 2
3 0 0
1 3
0 0 -3
1 4]; y
0 -4 0];
Local Stiffness Matrix in Local Coordinates

L = sqrt((x2-x1)*(x2-x1) + (y2-y1)*(y2-y1) +(z2-z1)*(z2-z1));

k1 = E*A/L; k2 = 12*E*Iz/(L*L*L);
k3 = 6*E*Iz/(L*L); k4 = 4*E*Iz/L;
k5 = 2*E*Iz/L; k6 = 12*E*Iy/(L*L*L);
k7 = 6*E*Iy/(L*L); k8 = 4*E*Iy/L;
k9 = 2*E*Iy/L; k10 = G*Ix/L;
k1=

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3D Rotation Matrix in Matlab
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-
R1= 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1400000 0 0 0 0 0 1400000 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 18666.67 0 0 0 28000 0 -18666.7 0 0 0 28000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
- 9333.3
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9333.333 0 14000 0 0 0 3 0 -14000 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1400 0 0 0 0 0 -1400 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 -14000 0 28000 0 0 0 28000 0 14000 0
0 28000 0 0 0 56000 0 -14000 0 0 0 28000
K1=R1'*k1*R1= -1400000 0 0 0 0 0 1400000 0 0 0 0 0
18666.6
0 -18666.7 0 0 0 -14000 0 7 0 0 0 -28000
9333.3
0 0 -9333.33 0 28000 0 0 0 33 0 14000 0
0 0 0 -1400 0 0 0 0 0 1400 0 0
0 0 -14000 0 14000 0 0 0 14000 0 28000 0
0 28000 0 0 0 28000 0 -28000 0 0 0 56000
 Global Matrix

1417208 0 0 0 -14000 15750 -1E+06 0 0 0 0 0 -9333.3 0 0 0 -14000 0 -7875 0 0 0 0 15750

0 1087333 0 28000 0 28000 0 -18667 0 0 0 28000 0 -18667 0 28000 0 0 0 -1E+06 0 0 0 0
0 0 1413271 -7875 -14000 0 0 0 -9333.3 0 -14000 0 0 0 -1E+06 0 0 0 0 0 -3937.5 -7875 0 0
0 28000 -7875 78400 0 0 0 0 0 -1400 0 0 0 -14000 0 28000 0 0 0 0 15750 10500 0 0
-14000 0 -14000 0 57050 0 0 0 28000 0 14000 0 28000 0 0 0 14000 0 0 0 0 0 -1050 0
15750 28000 0 0 0 99400 0 -14000 0 0 0 28000 0 0 0 0 0 -1400 -7875 0 0 0 0 21000
-1E+06 0 0 0 0 0 1400000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 -18667 0 0 0 -14000 0 18666.7 0 0 0 -28000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -9333.3 0 28000 0 0 0 9333.33 0 14000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 -1400 0 0 0 0 0 1400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -14000 0 14000 0 0 0 14000 0 28000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

K= 0 28000
-9333.3 0
0
0
0
0
0
28000
28000
0
0 -28000
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56000 0
0 9333.33
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -18667 0 -14000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18666.7 0 -28000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -1E+06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1400000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 28000 0 28000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -28000 0 56000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-14000 0 0 0 14000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14000 0 0 0 28000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 -1400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1400 0 0 0 0 0 0
-7875 0 0 0 0 -7875 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7875 0 0 0 0 -15750
0 -1E+06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1050000 0 0 0 0
0 0 -3937.5 15750 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3937.5 7875 0 0
0 0 -7875 10500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7875 21000 0 0
0 0 0 0 -1050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1050 0
15750 0 0 0 0 21000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -15750 0 0 0 0 42000
 force(1)=-10;
 force(3)=20;
 prescribedDof=[7:24];

 U=K\force;
Displacement at Node
node U node U
1 -0.000007051478 2 -0.000000066537
3 0.000014176958 4 0.000001447788
5 0.000001748584 6 0.000001136054
7 0.000000000000 8 0.000000000000
9 0.000000000000 10 0.000000000000
11 0.000000000000 12 0.000000000000
13 0.000000000000 14 0.000000000000
15 0.000000000000 16 0.000000000000
17 0.000000000000 18 0.000000000000
19 0.000000000000 20 0.000000000000
21 0.000000000000 22 0.000000000000
23 0.000000000000 24 0.000000000000
 Verify Example 1 By Strand7

1 -0.000007051478 1 -0.000007051478000
2 -0.000000066537 2 -0.000000066537000
3 0.000014176958 3 0.000014176958000
4 0.000001447788 4 0.000082952142030
5 0.000001748584 5 0.000100186483324
6 0.000001136054 6 0.000065091099499
Exercise

5
7

6
N=[0 0 0 E=[1 5 force(37)=-15;
prescribedDof=[1:24];
004 26
404 37
400 48
56
050
67
054 78
454 8 5];
4 5 0];
Node displacement

node U
1 0.00000000 2 0.00000000 3 0.00000000 4 0.00000000
5 0.00000000 6 0.00000000 7 0.00000000 8 0.00000000
9 0.00000000 10 0.00000000 11 0.00000000 12 0.00000000
13 0.00000000 14 0.00000000 15 0.00000000 16 0.00000000
17 0.00000000 18 0.00000000 19 0.00000000 20 0.00000000
21 0.00000000 22 0.00000000 23 0.00000000 24 0.00000000
25 -0.00227293 26 -0.00000393 27 0.00115845 28 0.00007082
29 0.00013772 30 0.00023748 31 -0.00106188 32 -0.00000616
33 0.00115835 34 0.00007201 35 0.00064608 36 0.00011324
37 -0.00106724 38 0.00000581 39 -0.00116612 40 -0.00007274
41 0.00075248 42 0.00011504 43 -0.00227804 44 0.00000679
45 -0.00116139 46 -0.00007078 47 0.00064378 48 0.00023789
Strand7 Output File
Strand7 Output File
Transmission Tower
Create Strand7 Input File By MATLAB

4
2
0
Create Strand7 Input File By Matlab
 Validation MATLAB Results by Strand7

1855 0.00000572
1856 -0.00000001
1857 -0.00005805
1858 -0.00000307
1859 0.00095005
1860 -0.00000138

1861 0.00000490
1862 -0.00000000
1863 -0.00007173
1864 -0.00000000
1865 0.00145426
1866 -0.00000000
Validation MATLAB Results by Strand7