ANAHISTO TOPNOTCH REVIEWR

Histology
1.The cornea is composed of five layers; these layers are
characterized by all Of the following statements EXCEPT :
A. the stroma is rich in glycosaminoglycans
B. the stroma contains fibroblasts and orthogonal layers of collagen
C. Descemet's membrane tests on the endothelium
D. the endothelium is a stratified epithelium
E. the epithelium is continuous with the skin

2. All of the following statements concerning thyroglobulin

synthesis and secretion are true EXCEPT
A. it is secreted with peroxidase into the lumen of the thyroid follicles
B. it is iodinated int he rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
C. its synthesis can be promoted by throid stimulating hormone (TSH)
D. its polypeptides are assembled in the rough endoplasmic reticulum
E. glycosylation occurs in part in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

3. The release of hydrochloric acis is stimulated by which of

the following types of enterochromaffin cells?
A. G cells
B. I cells
C. S cells
D. EC cells
E. A cells

4. The epithelial cells of the small intestine are

characterized by all of the following statements EXCEPT
A. they are joined together by prominent spical zonulae occludentes
B. the basement membrane usually is absent
C, goblet cells have a basal nucleus
D. Paneth's cells contain apical granules or lysosome
E. sucrase is a component of the glycolase

5. Which of the following statements does not characterize erythropoiesis?

A. Polychromatic erthroblasts have more cytoplasmic RNA than do basophilic erthroblasts
B. Polychromatic erthroblasts have less hemoglobin than do orthochromatic erythroblasts
C. Reticulocytes lack a nucleus and can occur in normal peripheral blood
D. Orthochromatic erthroblasts have more hemoglobin than does peripheral blood
E. Erythroblasts are 15 um in diameter

6. Normally, eryhtrocytes are best describes as being

A. more than 20 percent hemoglobin by weight
B. less than 20 percent of the total volume of the blood
C. loaded with mitochondria
D. 3-6 prn in diameter
E. in the blood circulation for less than 40 days
Direction 7 — 28:
A = 1,2&3 are correct
B = 1&3 are correct
C = 2&4 are correct
D = 4 is correct
E = ALL are correct

7. The endosteum can be described as being a

1. population of osteoblasts
2. participant in bone repair
3. mesoderm derivative
4. layer that lies adjacent to the marrow compartment

8. The adrenal cortex exhibits a striking zonation.

Components of one zone, the zona glomerulosa, include
1. parenchymal cells with less lipid than parenchymal cells in the zona fasciculata
2. mitochondria with tubular cristae
3. abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum
4. cells with an elongated nucleus

9. True statements concerning dentin include which of the following

1. it contains hydroxyapatite
2. it contains collagen
3. it is a calcifies extracellular matrix
4. it is secreted by odontoblasts
10. Sections of the brain and spinal cord that
are derived from the prosencephalon include the
1. telencephalon
2. metencephalon
3. diencephalon
4. myelencephalon

11. True statements concerning the histology of the ureters include which of the following?
1. they have a sparse Lamina propria
2. the two-thirds have only an inner longitudinal layer smooth muscle
3. they are lined a stratified epithelium
4. the distal third has only an outer circular layer of muscle

12. The microscopic anatomy of the thyroid gland is characterized by

1. apical microvilli, which disappear following thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH) stimulation
2. TSH binding to follicular epithelial cells, which causes an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate
levels in these cells
3. a lack of fenestrated capillaries
4. thyroglobulin phagocytosis promoted by TSH

13. True statements concerning the structure and function of the

colonic epithelium includes which of the following?
1. Goblet cells are more prominent here than in the duodenum
2. Hydrolysis of foodstuff occurs in the ascending colon
3. Epithelial surface area is increases by deep invaginations
4. Villi line the epithelial pits

14. Thin skin on the forearm of a black person has which of the following components?
1. Prominent stratum lucidum
2. Thich dermis
3. Apocrine sweat glands
4. Hemidesmosomes in the stratum basale

15. Function of the secretion product form bulbourethral glands include

1. antibacterial activity
2. protection from urine acidity
3. nourishment of spermatozoa
4. sexual lubricant

16. T cells are more numerous than B cells in which of the following locations?
1.Periarterial lymphatic sheaths
2.Peripheral blood
3.Tertiary cortex of a lymph node
4.Secondary nodule of a lymph node

17. Parts of the body that lines by transitional

epithelium include the
1. esophagus
2. cervical os
3. lumen of the blood vessel
4. urinary bladder

18. Features that characterize steroid- secreting endocrine cells include

1.mitochondria with tubular cristae
2.extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum
3.lipid droplets
4.surface microvilli

19. Myelin can be described as being

1.produced by Schwann cells
2.produced by oligodendroglia
3.an insulator for axons
4.an accelerator of nerve conduction velocity

20. Gastrin cells (G cells) are characterized by

1.parietal cell secretion of hydrochloric acid
2.stimulation of antral motor activity
3. microvilli that are stimulated by food
4.acidity that contributed to secretion activity

21. The bands of a sarcomere that shorten during muscle contraction include
A bands
I bands
M bands
H bands

22. Components of saliva include

1.lactoperoxidase
2.secretory immunoglobulins
3.ions
4.ptyalin

23. True statements concerning the layers of the retina include which of the following?
1.The inner plexiform layers has synapses between cones and bipolar cells
2. The inner limiting membrane is the basement membrane for the neural retina
3.The outer nuclear layer contains ganglion cell nuclei
4.The outer limiting membrane is an area of contact between Muller's cells and the photoreceptors

24. Superior hypophyseal arteries carry blood Which of the following hypophyseal components?
1. Pars tuberalis
2. Median eminence
3. Pars distalis
4. Pars nervosa

For each description cells involved in the process of oogenesis, choose the appropriate cell type.
A. Oogonia
B, Polar bodies
C. Primary oocytes
D. Secondary oocytes
E. Primordial germ cells

25. Cells that migrate to the genital ridges from the yolk sac
26. Cells that are present in primary follicles in sexually mature females
27. Cells that are ovulated and capable of being fertilized
28. Cells that often remain in the same stage on development for more than 30 years

29. Which of these structures is responsible for the production of protein?

A. peroxisome
B. mitochondria
C. golgi apparatus
D. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E. none of the above

30. Within the extracellular matrix of connective tissues, this structure consists of small
fibers that normally remain unbundled and forms a useful environment for cells of defense.
A collagen type I
B. collagen type Il
C. collagen type Ill
D. collagen type IV
E. Elastic fiber
ANATOMY

1. With regard to the duodenum, which is NOT true?

a. the duodenal cap has plicae circulares which are often evident on x-ray
b. the third part may be compressed by the superior mesenteric artery
c. the second part lies at level of 2nd lumbar vertebra in cadavers
d. the duodenal cap lies upon bile duct, hepatic artery and portal vein

2. The anterolateral abdominal muscles:

a. external oblique muscle arises by eight digitations from back of lower eight ribs and interdigitates with
serratus anterior and pectoralis major
b. external oblique fibres run obliquely upwards and forwards
c. the lower border ext-oblique forms the inguinal ligaments
d. internal oblique insects into the line alba from a single aponeurosis

3. It is the largest and longest bone of the body

a. hip bone
b. femur
c. vertebra
d. tibia

4. All Cervical Vertebra have a:

a, body
b. spine
c. bifid spinous process
d. transverse foramen

5. An ovary
a. Its posterior border faces the anterior leaf of broad ligament
b. Is connected to uterus by mesovarium
c. Is connected to abdominal wall by peritoneal fold called suspensory ligament
d. All of the above

6. What is the uppermost structure in the left lung hilum?

a. Pulmonary artery
b. Pulmonary vein
c. Bronchial artery
d. Left mainstem bronchus

7. Which statement is incorrect?

a. parasympathetic outflow in the vagus nerve causes a decrease in the rate of heartbeat
b. the pterygopalatine ganglion contains both parasympathetic fibers of the 7th nerve, as well as sensory
fibers whose cells of origin are in the Trigeminal ganglion
c. the lacrimal gland receives secretomotor fibers from cranial nerve Ill
d. the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi muscle

8. The muscles forming the floor of the submandibular (digastric) triangle are the hyoglossus and the
a. sternohyoid
b, thyrohyoid
c. mylohyoid
d. stylohyoid

9, The forgut:
a. includes from the abdominal aorta to the end of the duodenum
b. is supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery
c. venous drainage includes the blood from the lower third of the oesophagus
d. drains entirely into the splenic vein

10. Contents of the deep inguinal ring include all but:

a. ilioinguinal nerve
b. vas deferens
c. cremasturic artery
d. genital branch of the genitofemoral ligament

11. The transversalis fascia contributes to which of the following structures on

the anterior abdominal wall?
a. superficial inguinal ring
b. deep inguinal ring
c. inguinal ligament
d. sac of an indirect inguinal hernia

12. Pectoralis major:

a. is innervated laterally by the lateral pectoral nerve
b. inserts into the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus
c. receives its arterial supply via the thoracoacromial artery
d. can act as an accessory muscle of inspiration

13. The following statements concerning the falx cerebri are true EXCEPT:
a. It arises from the crista galli of the ethmoid bone.
b. It lies between the right and left cerebral hemispheres,
c. It contains the superior sagittal sinus.
d. It fuses with the tentorium cerebelli in the region of the inferior sagittal dural venous sinus,

14. With relating to ureters

a. They pass inferior to uterine artery in female.
b. They pass above 'the ductus deferens in male
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

15. All of the following characteristics differentiate a typical cervical vertebra

from a thoracic vertebra except
a, Has a triangular vertebral canal
b. Has foramen transversarium
c. Superior articular facet is directed backwards & upwards
d, Has a large vertebral body
16. Which of the following forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal?
a. conjoint tendon
b. internal oblique muscle
c. transversus abdominus muscle
d. lacunar ligament

17. Regarding the shoulder joint, which is INCORRECT?

a, full abduction requires medial rotation
b. the long head of biceps is intracapsular
c. the subacromial bursa is attached to the coracoacromial ligaments
d. flexion involves pec major, deltoid, coracobrachialis and biceps

18. Following muscles are the abductors of the eye except:

a. superior oblique
b, superior rectus
c, inferior oblique
d, lateral rectus

19. With regarding to uterine tubes

a. NO fimbria is attached to ovary
b, its longest portion is the infundibulum
c. Fertilization usually occurs at the ampulla
d. Fimbria spread over the medial surface of ovary

20. Structures that pass from thorax to abdomen behind the diaphragm are all except
a. Azygos vein
b. Aorta
c. Thoracic duct
d. Greater splanchnic nerve

21. The sites where cerebrospinal fluid passes from around the brain into the venous system is/are called
a. choroid plexuses
b. lateral apertures
c. median aperture
d. arachnoid Villi

22. Which of the following structures contribute to both of the pelvic inlet and outlet?
a. Pubic symphysis
b. Iliopectineal line
c. Ischiopubic ramus
d. Sacralpromentary

23. The spleen:

a. weighs 15 ounces
b. lies between the 8th and 11th ribs
c. has an identifiable notch on its posterior border
d. lymphatic drainage is to coeliac nodes
24. All of the following are true regarding the pancreas EXCEPT:
a. the neck and body of the pancreas lie anterior to the first lumbar vertebrae
b. the neck of the pancreas lies over the right and left renal veins at the level of L2 vertebra
c. the splenic artery supplies all of the pancreas
d. parasympathetic vagal fibers stimulate the exocrine secretion from the gland

25. The following muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis

a. sternohyoid
b. geniohyoid
c. thyrohyoid
d. only a and b

26. Which is NOT USUALLY supplied by the left coronary artery

a. conus artery
b. circumflex artery
c. anterior interventricular artery
d. anterior fibres of left bundle

27. Urethra
a. Pierce corpus spongiosum only
b, Pierce both corpus spongisum and corpora cavernosum
c. Do not pierce any of them, it just passes between them.
d. None of the above

28. The following structures are related to the transpyloric plane EXCEPT
a. Coeliac trunk
b. Tip of the 9th costal cartilage
c. Hilum of the kidney
d. Origin of the portal vein

29. Trendelenburg’s test is positive in following conditions except:

a. Dislocation of hip
b. Fracture neck femur
c. Paralysis of gluteus medius
d. Paralysis of gluteus maximus

30. Which statement is true?

a. Inlet of pelvic is circular in male.
b. Female has a shallow and wider pelvis.
c. Sacrum is c-shaped in female.
d. Subpubic angle is acute in male.

31. Which muscle is not used in inspiration?

a. erector spinae
b. quadratus lumborum
c. latissimus dorsi
d. transversus thoracis
32. A muscle which flexes both hip and knee joints is
a. Gluteus maximus
b. Biceps femoris
c. Rectus femoris
d. Sartorius

33. The first part of the duodenum:

a. lies at the level of L2 in the supine body
b. is approximately 10cm long in the adult
c. partially overlies the right crus of the diaphragm and psoas muscle
d. is entirely retroperitoneal

34. Concerning the abdominal aorta and branches:

a. the inferior mesenteric artery arises below the L4 lumbar arteries
b. the superior mesenteric artery arises at the level of L2
c. the renal artery arises below the level of the superior mesenteric artery
d. the suprarenal arteries arise above the coeliac trunk

35. Regarding the pelvis:

a. Piriformis muscle forms part of the lateral wall.
b. Obturator internus muscle forms part of the posterior wall.
c. Sacrotuberous ligament forms part of lateral and pelvic outlet.
d. None of the above

36. All but which of the following are tributaries of the coronary sinus of the heart?
a. the anterior cardiac vein
b. the great cardiac vein
c. the middle cardiac vein
d. the oblique vein (of the LA)

37. Nerve carrying secretomotor fibers for parotid gland is

a. auriculotemporal
b. great auricular
c. zygomatico temporal
d, posterior auricular

38. With regard to the kidneys, which is NOT true?

as the renal nerves are from spinal segment T12-L1
b. at the hilum, the vein is anterior to the artery which is anterior to the ureter
c. in horseshoe kidneys, ureters pass behind the isthmus of the kidney substance
d. percutaneous renal biopsy is via a point 2,5cm below the 12th rib

39. Regarding the anterior abdominal wall:

1. lines lie midway between the symphvsis pubis and umbilicus
2. the umbilicus and the lateral margin transversus aponeurosls lies posterior the rectos
3. the Inferior epigastrie artery originates from the Internal illae
4. it support to the liver and spleen
40.Which of the following nerves Is a branch of cranial netve Vll?
a. temporal
b. mental
c. buccal
d. cervical

41.Varicose veins of testis are more in left testis than in the right because
a. Left testis is bigger.
b, Left testis has least veins branches than the right one,
c. Left testicular vein joins the left renal vein.
d. Left testicle lies more inferiorly than the right one.

42. Regarding intercostal blood vessels:

a. in each space there are single anterior and posterior Intercostal veins
b. right sided superior intercostal vv drain into the brachiocephalic vein
c. the second intercostal space does not contain a posterior intercostal artery
d. all intercostal w are branches of the descending thoracic aorta

43. Regarding the duodenum

a. All of the duodenum is retroperitoneal
b. The 3rd part receives the bile duct
c. The 2nd part passes over the hilum of the right kidney
d. The 3rd part is crossed by the superior mesenteric artery

44. The nerve supply to the stomach:

a. the anterior vagal trunk alone controls the pyloric sphincter
b. the posterior vagal trunk alone controls the pyloric sphincter
c. secretion is controlled by sympathetic supply
d. the posterior vagal trunk is in contact with the left side of the oesophagus

45. All the muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve except:
a. Iliacus
b. Psoas major
c. Pectineus
d. Sartorius

46. Lining epithelium of lung alveolus is

a. simple columnar
b. simple cuboidal
c. simple squamous
d. pseudostratified ciliated columnar

47. In the superior mediastinum:

a. the azygous vein arches under the right main bronchus
b. the right brachiocephalic vein receives the thoracic duct
c. the aortic arch is crossed on the left side by the phrenic and vagus nerves
d. the superficial cardiac plexus contains right and left vagal and sympathetic fibres
48. Following are the contents of carpal tunnel except:
a. median nerve
b, ulnar nerve
c. flexor pollicis longus
d. flexor carpi radialis

49. ?

50, following muscles are inserted into greater trochanter of femur except:
a, Gluteus maxjmus
b. Gluteus medius
c. Gluteus minjmus
d. Pyriformis

51. Which statement js INCORRECT?

a. the muscles of the rotator cuff are deemed to be such because all their tendons fuse with the lateral
part of the shoulder capsule and are attached to the humerus near the joint
b. the capsule of the shoulder joint is attached at the line of the anatomical head
except inferiorly where it extends to the level of the surgical neck
c. the subacromial bursa lies between the tendon of supraspinatus and the
coraco-acromial ligament and communicates with the shoulder joint
d, the long tendon of biceps lies intracapsular and is sheathed by synovial membrane that allows it to slide
with movement
52. If you rotate your head as in indicating a "no" response, most of the movement occurs at this joint:
a, atlanto-occipital (skull-Cl)
b, atlanto-axial (Cl-C2)
c. C2-C3
d. C3-C4

53, All of the following are peritoneal folds except:

a. Suspensory ligament of ovary
b, Broad ligament of uterus
c. Ovarian ligament
d. Mesovarium

54. Regarding the cardiac veins:

a. the great cardiac vein accompanies the posterior descending interventricular artery
b. the middle cardiac vein ends in the right atrium
c. the anterior cardiac vein ends in the right atrium
d. the small cardiac vein accompanies the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery

55, At the elbow joint:

a. the tilt of the trochlear of the humerus is the main cause for the carrying angle of the elbow
b. the capsule is not attached to the radius
c, the annular ligament is attached to the head and neck of the radius
d. the middle band is the strongest of the three bands that make up the ulnar collateral ligament
56. The celiac trunk
a. supplies the gut from the entrance of the bile duct to the splenic flexure of the colon
b. gives rise to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
c. is the 1st branch of the abdominal aorta
d. supplies the lower part of the oesophagus

57. Following bones take part in lateral longitudinal arch except:

a, Calcaneous
b. Cuboid
c. Talus
d, 5th metacarpal

58.The corneal reflex is absent in the lesion of

a. supra orbital nerve
b. ophthalmic nerve
c. infra orbital nerve
d, oculomotor nerve

59. The sternoclavicular joint:

a. is a simple synovial joint
b. is more likely to dislocate posteriorly than anteriorly
c. is supplied by the cervical plexus
d, undergoes weak active rotation due to the action of subclavius

60. Which artery is the main supply of triceps?

a. dorsal scapular artery
b. brachial artery
c. profunda brachij artery
d. radial artery

61. The deepest of muscles is:

a. Vastus lateralis
b. Vastus medialis
c, Vastus intermedius
d. Rectus femoris

62. The liver:

a. lies from the 7th to the 11th left ribs along the midaxillary line
b. is normally completely under the costal margin
c. the upper margin is the 4th costal cartilage
d. blood supply divides into left and right supplying the lobes as divided by the falciform ligament

63. Tunica albuginea surrounds all the following except:

as Spermatic cord
b. Epididymis
c. Proximal part of ductus difference
d. Testis
64. Regarding the liver
a. The caudate lobe js bounded by the ligamentum venosum and the inferior vena cava
b. The left lobe extends approximately 12cm to the left of the midline
c. The gall bladder is at the tip of the 11th costal cartilage
d. The bare area lies against the duodenum

65. Which of the following structures is a derivative from the parietal membranous pelvic fascia?
a. Tendinous arch
b. Pouch of Doglas
c. Ano-coccygeal body
d. Pre-vesical space

66. Abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column is known as

a, kyphosjs
b, lordosis
c. scoliosis
d. spondylolisthesis

67. The sino-atrial node js situated:

a. on the right of the opening of the inferior vena cava
b. within the interatrial septum
c. at the opening of the coronary sinus
d. just above the crista terminalis

68. All of the following are retroperitoneal structures EXCEPT

a. Cisterna chyli
b. Sympathetic trunk
c. Duodenum
d. Pancreas
69. Which muscle does not extend from the posterior surface of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the
humerus?
a. teres major
b, infraspinatus
c. supraspinatus
d, teres minor
70. Following muscles produce elevation of scapula except:
a. rhomboidius major
b. rhomboidius minor
c. trapezius
d. serratus anterior