ROTC

REVIEWER
(Prelim)

RUZ, ROMMEL
BTLED-ICT
 REVISED IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF
THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)
RA 9163
Pursuant to Section 12 of Republic Act No. 9163 otherwise known as the National Service
Training Program (NSTP) Act of 2001, the Commission on Higher Education (CHED),
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), and Department of National
Defense (DND), in consultation with concerned government agencies, the Philippine
Association of State Universities and Colleges (PASUC), Coordinating Council of Private
Educational Associations of the Philippines (COCOPEA), Non-Government Organizations
(NGOs) and recognized student organizations, hereby jointly issue, adapt and promulgate the
following implementing rules and regulations in implement the provisions of the Act.

Section 1. Guiding Principle.

While it is the prime duty of the government to serve and protect its citizens, in turn it shall be
the responsibility of all citizens to defend the security and promote the general welfare of the
State, and in fulfillment thereof, the government may require each citizen to render personal
military or civil service

Section 2. Role of the Youth .

In recognition of the vital role of the youth in nation building, the State shall promote
civic consciousness among them and shall develop their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual
and social well-being. It shall inculcate the ideals of patriotism, nationalism, and advance their
involvement in public and civic affairs.
As the most valuable resource of the nation, they shall be motivated, trained, organized and
involved in military, literacy, civic welfare programs and other similar endeavors in the service
of the nation.

Section 3. As used in this Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), the

following terms shall mean:
“National Service Training Program” (NSTP) – refers to the program aimed at enhancing civic
consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth, by developing the ethics of service and
patriotism while undergoing training in any of the three (3) Program components, specifically
designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare
“Reserve Officers’ Training Corps” (ROTC) – refers to the Program component,
institutionalized under Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, designed to provide
military training to tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them
for national defense preparedness;
“Literacy Training Service” (LTS) – refers to the Program component designed to train the
students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out-of-school youths and other
segments of society in need of their services
“Civic Welfare Training Service” (CWTS) – refers to the Program component or activities
contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community
or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education,
environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and other social
welfare services
“Program Component” – refers to the service components of NSTP as defined herein
“Clustering” – refers to the grouping of students enrolled to different schools and taking up the
same NSTP component into one (1) group under the management and supervision of a
designated school
“Cross- Enrollment” – refers to a system of enrollment were a student is officially enrolled in an
academic program of an origin school but is allowed to enroll in the NSTP component of another
accepting school
“Non-Government Organization” (NGO) – refers to any private organization duly
accredited by CHED or recognized by TESDA.
“Student Cadet” – refers to a student enrolled in the ROTC component.

Section 4. Coverage
All incoming first year students, male and female, starting School Year (SY) 2002-
2003, enrolled in any baccalaureate and in at least two (2) year technical-vocational or associate
courses, are required to complete one (1) NSTP component of their choice, as a graduation
requirement.
The above provision, however, does not cover the following:

Students who finished or graduated from a baccalaureate degree or two year technical-
vocational or associate course and pursuing or enrolled in another or additional baccalaureate
degree or two-year technical-vocational or associate course in SY 2003-2004, and
 Students who completed any of the three NSTP components but considered freshmen to
the course where they transferred or shifted.
 Foreign students or aliens
 All higher education institutions including State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) and
technical – vocational education institutions must offer upon enrollment all the three (3)
NSTP components. However, State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) are required to
maintain and provide the ROTC component. In cases the enrollment of ROTC Cadets is
 less than 350, then the provisions of clustering in Section 7 of NSTP IRR (RA 9163)
should be followed.
 Program of study (syllabus) and enrollment forms shall bear the “NSTP” without stating
therein the three components. There shall be an orientation for all NSTP enrollees to be
jointly conducted by the ROTC, CWTS, and LTS coordinators/ implementers. Students
enrolled in the first semester of the freshmen year shall be made to undergo a common
module phase for 25 hours training period.
Subjects covered are: citizenship training; drug education; disaster awareness, preparedness and
management; environmental protection; and other national security concerns. Upon completion
of the common module phase, the student must select the specific NSTP program component
that he/she will pursue.
The Philippine Military Academy (PMA), Philippine Merchant Marine Academy (PMMA), and
Philippine National Police Academy (PNPA) are exempted from the NSTP in view of the special
character of these institutions. Other State Universities and Colleges of similar nature will be
exempted subject to approval of the Department of National Defense.
Private higher and technical-vocational education institutions with at least 350 student cadets,
may offer the ROTC component and consequently establish/maintain a Department of Military
Science and Tactics (DMST), subject to the existing rules and regulations. For DMST,
previously approved and activated, shall retain the status regardless of the number of cadets.
However, for DMST has been created after the approval of this IRR, there must be a minimum
of 350 cadets. In cases where the number of cadets will be less than 350, clustering of ROTCU
will be undertaken with the ROTCU of the State Universities and Colleges within the nearest
environ with the lead role.

Section 5. Program Components

The NSTP shall have the following components which the students can choose from as
defined in Rule II, Section 3 hereof: The Reserve Officers Training Corps, Literacy Training
Service (LTS), and Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS).
All program components, the ROTC in particular, shall give emphasis on citizenship training
and shall instill patriotism, moral virtues, respect for the rights of civilians and adherence to the
Constitution.
The CHED, TESDA in consultation with the DND, and PASUC, COCOPEA and other
concerned government agencies, may design and implement such other non-military training
components as may be necessary in consonance with the provisions of R.A. 9163.
Within thirty (30) days from the approval of this revised IRR, the CHED, TESDA, and the DND
shall jointly issue the minimum standards for the three (3) NSTP components which shall form
part of these guidelines.
Section 6. Duration and Equivalent Course Unit
Each of the aforementioned NSTP components shall be undertaken for an academic
period of two (2) semesters. It shall be credited for three (3) units per semester, for fifty-four (54)
to ninety (90) training hours per semester.
One (1) Summer Program (OSP) in lieu of the two (2) semester program may be designed,
formulated and adopted by the DND, CHED and TESDA, subject to the capability of the school
and the AFP to handle the same.
Earned NSTP units shall not be included in the computation of Grade Point Average (GPA)
grades of college graduating students.

Section 7. Clustering and Cross-Enrolment

Clustering of students from different education institutions during semestral or summer
periods may be done for any of the NSTP component, taking into account logistics, branch of
service and geographical locations. The host school shall be responsible in managing the
Program.
The school must allow any NSTP student to cross- enrol in any CHED/ TESDA recognized
institution. In cases that the enrolment of ROTC Cadets is less than 350, then the provisions of
clustering in Section 7 of NSTP IRR (RA 9163 should be followed.
Students intending to cross-enroll shall be subject to the existing rules and regulations of
the school of origin and the accepting school.

Section 8. Monitoring and Evaluation

A. Management
The school authorities shall exercise academic and administrative supervision over the
design, formulation, adoption and implementation of the different NSTP components in their
respective schools. Subject to the provision of this IRR
A functional chart of the NSTP Office shall be structured based on the capability of the
institution to sustain the component program being offered based on the number of enrollees.
In the case of ROTC, the school authorities and DND, subject to the policies, regulations
and programs of DND on the military component of the training, shall exercise joint supervision
over its implementation.
NGOs contacted by the school must secure a joint accreditation from CHED, DND, and TESDA
to formulate and administer training modules for CWTS and LTS components. CHED, DND,
and TESDA shall jointly exercise such academic and administrative supervision with those
NGOs. Within forty-five (45) days from approval and issuance of this IRR, the CHED, TESDA
and DND shall issue the necessary guidelines for the accreditation of non-government
organizations (NGOs) and training modules to be utilized by these NGOs.
The DND shall formulate and administer training modules for the ROTC program.
B. Monitoring
An NSTP Joint Committee at provincial, regional and national level shall be created by a
tripartite agreement for monitoring all the program components in the various institutions
CHED/ TESDA Regional Offices, and DND-AFP (through the Major Service Reserve
Commands), shall oversee and monitor the implementation of the NSTP under their respective
jurisdiction, to determine if the trainings conducted are in consonance with the Act. These
offices shall submit periodic reports to the NSTP Joint Coordinating Committee.
An Annual NSTP Performance Evaluation (ANPE) shall be conducted towards the end of the
year to evaluate and determine the achievement of training objectives of the NSTP three
components program.
CHED, TESDA and DND (through Major Service Reserve Commands) shall formulate
respective evaluation parameters on program administration and implementation, which shall
jointly form part in the minimum standards.
At the end of every school year, the Higher Education Institution shall submit an Annual Report
to the CHED Regional Office and copy furnished the Office of Student Services in electronic
template, indicating the following:
a) Names who finished under each NSTP component;
b) The programs, projects and activities undertaken with pictorials and
documentation as much as possible; and
c) Financial statements on the funds collected, allocated and utilized.
The annual report on NSTP by the university or college shall be made available to faculty,
students and the general public in the NSTP Office.
In regions with universities and colleges having two or more campuses, the university concerned
shall consolidate the report before submission to CHED Regional Offices.
In cases of violations of guidelines, warnings and/or sanctions may be imposed to schools and
accredited NGOs that disregarded or grossly violated the provisions of this implementing rules
and regulations

Section 9. Fees
No fees shall be collected for any of the NSTP components except basic tuition which
should not be more than fifty (50%) percent of the charges of the school per academic unit.
NSTP fees collected shall constitute a Trust Fund, which shall be exclusively used for the
operation of the Program
NSTP fees collected shall constitute a Trust Fund, 70% of which shall be exclusively used for
the operation of the program. The remaining 30% retained by the school shall serve as
contingency fund, especially in support to un-programmed activities not originally included in
the program of expenditures prepared by the ROTC Commandant or CWTS/ LTS Coordinator
and approved by the school head
NSTP funds derived from NSTP-related operations shall serve as augmentation to sustain un-
programmed activities of NSTP.
The unspent fund balance shall be carried over to the next semester; provided, however,
NSTP funds shall not be converted into savings at the expense of the proper implementation of
the program
Subsidies from the government, any legal agency or institution appropriated for NSTP shall be
included in the preparation of the program of expenditure and report on the utilization of funds.
Expenditures/disbursements shall be subjected to periodic audits by the proper school authorities
and concerned NSTP officers;
NSTP Component (ROTC/ CWTS/ LTS) Coordinators shall submit a comprehensive report on
the utilization of the NSTP funds to their respective NSTP Directors two (2) weeks after the end
of every semester. ROTC Commandants shall submit the same report to their respective Major
Service Reserve Commands.
The NSTP Director or its equivalent shall submit a consolidated comprehensive report on the
utilization of the NSTP Funds by program component to the school head, two weeks after the
end of every semester.
Rental space of school and other similar expenses shall not be charged to NSTP.

Section 10. Incentive, Insurance, and Protection

A. Incentives
A program of assistance/incentives for ROTC students shall be provided and
administered by DND, in accordance with existing laws and regulations and subject to the
availability of funds.
A Special Scholarship Program and other forms of assistance and incentives for qualified NSTP
students shall be administered by CHED and TESDA, with funds for the purpose to be included
in the annual regular appropriations of the two agencies, subject to the availability of funds.
The college or university may provide scholarship and other forms of assistance and incentives
to qualified and deserving NSTP students, the funding of which shall come from available NSTP
funds of the school.
Personnel involved in the NSTP shall be provided honorarium and other incentives based on the
standard policy set forth by the Higher Education Institution (HEIs).
A. Insurance and Protection
 School authorities concerned, CHED and TESDA shall ensure that health and accident
group insurances are provided for students enrolled in any of the NSTP components
Schools that already provide health and accident group insurance and collect the necessary fees
for the purpose from their students as of the effectivity of this Rules, are deemed to have
complied with this requirement.

Section 11. Organization of NSTP Graduates

Graduates of the non-ROTC components of the NSTP shall belong to the National
Service Reserve Corps (NSPC) and could be tapped by the State for literacy and civic welfare
activities, especially in times of calamities through the joint efforts of DND, CHED and TESDA,
in coordination with Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG), Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and other concerned agencies/associations.
The CHED, TESDA and DND, in consultation with other concerned government and non-
government agencies, shall issue the necessary guidelines for the establishment, organization,
maintenance and utilization of the National Service Reserve Corps.
Graduates of the ROTC program shall form part of the Citizen Armed Force pursuant to RA
7077, subject to the requirements of DND

Section 12. Certificate of Completion

Certificate of Completion with corresponding serial number issued by CHED, TESDA or
DND, shall be awarded to students who have successfully complied with the program
requirements.

Section 13. Information Dissemination

The CHED, TESDA and DND shall provide information on these Act and IRR to all
concerned publics through different modes of disseminating information

Section 14. Amendatory Clause

Section 35 of Commonwealth act No.1, Executive Order No. 207 of 1939, Section 2 and
3 of presidential Decree No. 1706,and Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077, as well as
all laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulations and other issuances inconsistent with the
provisions of the Act are hereby deemed amended and modified accordingly.
These Rules may be amended, modified, or replaced jointly by CHED, TESDA and
DND, in consultation with PASUC, COCOPEA, NGOs and recognized student organizations.

Section 15. Separability Clause

If any section or provisions of this IRR shall be declared unconstitutional or invalid, the
other sections or provisions not affected thereby shall remain in full force and effect.
Section 16. Effectivity
 This rules shall take effect 15 days after publication in a newspaper of general circulation
and shall remain in force and effect until revoked or amended

NATIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS AND PEACE

EDUCATION
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:
1. Understand deeply that the national security is everybody’s concern;
2. Develop awareness of the various factors that can lead to aggression and violence;
3. Internalize the true meaning of peace, which is very essential in maintaining national
security and safety of the Filipino people;
4. Participate actively to any projects and activities that promote peace and harmony in the
whole nation; and
5. Encourage other students to be more vigilant and alert of any elements that may cause
threats to our national security.
A national government has no more fundamental responsibility than to safeguard the nation’s
security. National Security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the
use of economic, power projection and political power and the exercise of diplomacy.
However, there is no single universally accepted definition of “National Security” since there are
some differences on describing National as STATE and everything consist in a nation. The
variety of definitions provides an overview of the many usages of this concept. The concept still
remains ambiguous, having originated from simpler definitions which initially emphasized the
freedom from military threat and political coercion to later increase in sophistication and include
other forms of non- military security as suited the circumstances of the time.
NATIONAL SECURITY
-“the protection of the safety of a country’s secrets and its citizens” emphasizing the overall
security of a nation and a nation state.
- According to Walter Lippmann, in 1943, National Security is “a nation has security when
it does not have to sacrifice its legitimate interests to avoid war, and is able, if
challenged, to maintain them by war”.
- “The distinctive meaning of national security means freedom from foreign dictation.”
(Harold Lasswell)
- As Arnold Wolfers (1960) stated, National Security is “An ambiguous symbol means
different things to different people. National security objectively means the absence of
 threats to acquired values and subjectively, the absence of fear that such values will be
attacked.”
- According to National Defense College (1996), ”National Security is an appropriate and
aggressive blend of political resilience and maturity, human resources, economic
structure, and capacity, technological competence, industrial base and availability of
natural resources and finally the military might.”
- In the Carter Administration under Harold Brown, U.S Secretary of Defense (from 1977-
1981) “National security then is the ability to preserve the nation’s physical integrity and
territory; to maintain its economic relations with the rest of the world on reasonable
terms; to preserve its nature, institution, and governance from disruption from outside;
and to control its borders.”
From the Expert’s Point of View
from Latin diploma, meaning an official document
- is the art and practice of conducting negotiations among representatives of groups or
states
- usually refers to international diplomacy, the conduct of international relations through
the intercession of professional diplomats with regard to issues of peace-making, trade,
war, economics, culture, environment, and human rights.
HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY CONCEPT
The origin of the modern concept of “national security” as a philosophy of maintaining a stable
nation state can be traced to the Peace of Westphalia, wherein the concept of a sovereign state,
ruled by a sovereign, became the basis of a new international order of nation states. It was
Thomas Hobbes in his 1651 work “Leviathan” who stated that citizens yield to a powerful
sovereign who in turn promises an end to civil and religious war, and to bring forth a lasting
peace, and give him the right to conduct policy, including wage war or negotiate for peace for
the good of the “commonwealth”, i.e. a mandate for national security.
The Clausewitzian view of diplomacy and war, being the instruments of furthering national
cause, added to the view of national security being sought by nations by exercising self- interest
at all times.
A German philosopher, Immanuel Kant, in his 1795 essay, “Perpetual peace: A
Philosophical Sketch”, proposed a system where nation-states and dominating national interests
were replaced by an enlightened world order, a community of mankind where nation-states
include the national interests under the rule of the international law because of rational insight,
common good and moral commitment. National security was achieved by this voluntary
accession by the leadership to a higher order than the nation- state.
In the United States of America, the national security can be seen as a post Second World War
phenomenon, and has to some degree replaced other concepts that describe the great effort of
every NATION to overcome various external and internal threats.
National Security Act of 1947 was signed on July 26, 1947 by then U.S. President Harry S.
Truman. Together with its 1949 amendment, this Act created important improvement of
American Law on national security such as the precursor to the Department of Defense,
subordinated the military branches to the new cabinet level position of the Secretary of Defense,
established National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The Act did
not define national security which was conceivably advantageous as its ambiguity made it a
powerful phrase to invoke whenever issues threated by other interests of the state, such as
domestic concerns, came up for discussion and decision
After the WWII, the US National Security Act of 1947 was created “to advise the US president
on the integration of domestic, military and foreign policies relating to national security”.
According to General Maxwell Taylor (The Legitimate Claims of National Security,
1974)
“The national valuables in this broad sense include current assets and national interests, as well
as the sources of strength upon which our future as a nation depends. Some valuables are
tangible and earthy; others are spiritual or intellectual. They range widely from political assets
such as the Bill of Rights, our political institutions and international friendships, to many
economic assets which radiate worldwide from a highly productive domestic economy supported
by rich natural resources. It is the urgent need to protect valuables such as these which legitimize
and make essential the role of national security”.

1987 CONSTITUTION REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

ARTICLE II
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES
Principles
Section 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government authority emanates from them.
Section 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the
generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to the
policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.
Section 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of the
Philippines is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty of the
State and the integrity of the national territory.
Section 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The
Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all
citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil
service.
Section 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property, and
promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the
blessings of democracy.
Section 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.
Section 7. The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy. In its relations with other states,
the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest,
and the right to self-determination.
Section 8. The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of
freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.
Section 9. The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity
and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through policies that provide
adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved
quality of life for all.
Section 10. The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national development.
Section 11. The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for
human rights.
Section 12. The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the
family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect the life of the mother and
the life of the unborn from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents in the
rearing of the youth for civic efficiency and the development of moral character shall receive the
support of the Government.
Section 13. The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote
and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-being. It shall inculcate in
the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage their involvement in public and civic
affairs.
Section 14. The State recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall ensure the
fundamental equality before the law of women and men.
Section 15. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health
consciousness among them.
Section 16. The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and
healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
Section 17. The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and
sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human
liberation and development.
Section 18. The State affirms labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights
of workers and promote their welfare.
Section 19. The State shall develop a self-reliant and independent national economy effectively
controlled by Filipinos.
Section 20. The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private
enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments.
Section 21. The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform
Section 22. The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities
within the framework of national unity and development.
Section 23. The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral
organizations that promote the welfare of the nation.
Section 24. The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-
building.
Section 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments.
Section 26. The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and
prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law.
Section 27. The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive
and effective measures against graft and corruption.
Section 28. Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements
a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest

DEFINING PEACE
Peace is a state without war. However, the absence of war does NOT necessarily means there is
peace, just as typhoons cannot be prevented by means of legislation, war cannot be stopped by a
mere anti- war argument or sentimental desire. Thus, by promoting the spirit of love for peace as
well as the spirit of hatred against aggression throughout the world, we can create conditions
under which not only local skirmishes are prevented from spreading but also big powers dare not
conceive the idea of campaigning a global war.
In other words, the work MUST begin with erasing foreign feelings and, at the same time,
advocating peace- loving ideas. In as much as the motive of all welfare originates from the
human mind, war cannot be prevented without changing the mind itself.
“Teaching about justice, about violence in all forms, about survival and our future”
“Teaching how to develop a behaviour that encourages harmony in the way people talk,
listen, and interact with each other, and discourages actions to hurt, harm, or destroy each
other.”
THE ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION
“The main thrust of tertiary education is to achieve equity, efficiency and higher quality in
institutions of higher learning both public and private, so that together they will provide a
complete set of program offerings that meet both national and regional needs for instruction,
extension and community involvement and research”
PEACEABLE SCHOOL
A commitment to make school a place of peace is one of the ultimate challenges in education.
The present and coming generations have been branded as “lost generation”; our children are not
lost but terribly misguided by distorted values. As aggressors, attackers, victims and even
witnesses, they experience interpersonal violence first-hand, and they no longer feel safe from
senseless fights or other dangerous incidents.
“Our schools and communities can intervene effectively in the lives of children and youth top
reduce or prevent their involvement in violence. Violence involving youth is not random,
uncontrollable or inevitable. Many factors, both individual and social, contribute to an
individual’s propensity to use violence, and many of these factors are within our power to
change”.

Lecture on Anti-Illegal Drugs

And
Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002
(R.A. 9165)
August 31, 2019
PCPT RODEL E FORTUNADO
Deputy Chief of Police
 DRUG AWARENESS
Drug Addiction
Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use
despite harmful consequences to the individual who is addicted and to those around them.
Drug addiction is a brain disease because the abuse of drugs leads to changes in the structure and
function of the brain.
No single factor can predict whether or not a person will become addicted to drugs. Risk for
addiction is influenced by a person's biology, social environment, and age or stage of
development. The more risk factors an individual has, the greater the chance that taking drugs
can lead to addiction.
What are Drugs?
A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise
introduced into the body.
• A drug is something that affects your body. Drugs must be able to pass through the body
and into the brain; interferes with brain's neurotransmitters
• Not all drugs are illegal.
• Drugs like cannabis, ecstasy and cocaine are illegal. Other drugs which are against the
law include speed, heroin, LSD and magic mushrooms.
• Many are legal like alcohol, headache tablets, cigarettes and glue (inhalents).
• In certain countries legal drugs can only be given out by doctors. Usually doctors give you a
prescription to take to the pharmacy.

Types of Drugs
4 Main Types:
1. Depressants slow down, or depress, the functions of the central nervous system
. In moderate doses, depressants can make you feel relaxed. In larger doses,
depressants can cause unconsciousness by reducing breathing and heart rate. A
person's speech may become slurred and their movements sluggish and
uncoordinated.
These can include:
• alcohol;
• opiates and opioids (heroin) , morphine, codeine, methadone and
buprenorphine;
• cannabis or marijuana;
• minor tranquillizers diazepam such as Valium, oxazepam (Serepax);
Cannabis
Cannabis can cause health problems both physical and mental
• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is its main active ingredient
• Some use cannabis for medical purposes; e.g. multiple sclerosis or glaucoma
• Use at a young age is linked to increased mental health problems such as schizophrenia;
psychiatric hospitalization may be necessary if heavily used
• Lowers motivation and lose interest in things
• Co-ordination and reactions slow down
• Effects asthma
• Can increase the heart rate and cause someone to have high blood pressure
• Might have hallucinations
• A small number of people that use cannabis go on to other drugs
• Use dates back to the Chinese in 2,700 BC
• Can be addictive; long term users become dependent

Stimulant - Speeds up or stimulate the central nervous system and can make the users feel
more awake, alert or confident. Stimulants increase heart rate, body temperature and blood
pressure. Other physical effects include reduced appetite, dilated pupils, talkativeness, agitation
and sleep disturbance.
Types Include:
• Caffeine
• Nicotine in tobacco is a stimulant, despite smokers using it to relax
• Ephedrine, used in medicines for bronchitis, hay fever, asthma
• Amphetamines and methamphetamines, also known as 'speed', 'ice' and 'crystal meth'
• Cocaine, also known as 'coke' and 'snow';
• slimming tablets: e.g. Duromine and Tenuate;
Hallucinogenic - drugs distort the user's perceptions of reality. The main physical effects
are dilation of pupils, loss of appetite, increased activity, talking or laughing, jaw clenching,
sweating and sometimes stomach cramps or nausea. Drug effects can include a sense of
emotional and psychological euphoria and well-being. Visual, auditory and tactile hallucinations
may occur, causing users to see or hear things that do not actually exist.
These drugs include:
• LSD, also known as 'trips', 'acid' and 'microdots';
• magic mushrooms (psilocybin), also known as 'mushies' or 'shrooms';
• ecstasy (MDMA/methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as 'E', 'XTC' and 'Eccies',
produces a combination of hallucinogenic and stimulant effects; and
• Ketamine, also known as 'K' and 'Special K'.

Inhalants
Inhalants are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors that can be inhaled to
induce a psychoactive, or mind-altering, effect. Although other abused substances can be
inhaled, the term "inhalants" is used to describe a variety of substances whose main common
characteristic is that they are rarely, if ever, taken by any route other than inhalation. This
definition encompasses a broad range of chemicals that may have different pharmacological
effects and are found in hundreds of different products. As a result, precise categorization of
inhalants is difficult. One classification system lists four general categories of inhalants —
volatile solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites — based on the forms in which they are often
found in household, industrial, and medical products.
Some Effects of Smoking
One in two lifetime smokers will die from their habit. Half of these deaths will occur in middle
age.
• Tobacco smoke also contributes to a number of cancers.
• The mixture of nicotine and carbon monoxide in each cigarette you smoke temporarily
increases your heart rate and blood pressure, straining your heart and blood vessels. This can
cause heart attacks and stroke. It slows your blood flow, cutting off oxygen to your feet and
hands. Some smokers end up having their limbs amputated.
• Tar coats your lungs like soot in a chimney and causes cancer. A 20-a-day smoker breathes in
up to a full cup (210 g) of tar in a year.
• Changing to low-tar cigarettes does not help because smokers usually take deeper puffs and
hold the smoke in for longer, dragging the tar deeper into their lungs.
What is Alcohol Abuse?
Alcohol abuse is a serious problem. It is a pattern of drinking too much alcohol too often. It
interferes with your daily life. You may be suffering from alcohol abuse if you drink too much
alcohol at one time or too often throughout the week. It also is a problem if you can’t stop
drinking and it harms your relationships. It can cause you to be unable to function at work and in
other areas of your life.
Alcohol abuse can lead to physical dependency on alcohol, or alcoholism. Too much alcohol at
one time also can lead to alcohol poisoning. One alcoholic drink is defined as a 12-ounce bottle
of beer; a 5-ounce glass of wine; or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits (such as whiskey,
rum, or tequila).
You are abusing alcohol when:
• You drink 7 drinks per week or more than 3 drinks per occasion (for women).
• You drink more than 14 drinks per week or more than 4 drinks per occasion (for men).
• You have more than 7 drinks per week or more than 3 drinks per occasion (for men and
women older than 65).
• Consuming these amounts of alcohol harms your health, relationships, work, and/or
causes legal problems.
Why Do People Use Drugs?
Inaccurate information
about drug Effects. Rejection. StreSs
Poor self-image Anger
Why Do People Use Illegal Drugs?
to fit in with a group of friends
• they might be curious
• just bored.
• Often to help the person escape from reality for a while.
• If a person is sad or upset, a drug can - temporarily -make the person feel better or forget
about problems. But this escape lasts only until the drug wears off.
Drugs don't solve problems and using them often causes other problems on top of the ones the
person had in the first place.
What You Can Do To Help
The best thing to do is to tell an adult that you trust; a parent, other relative, teacher, coach, or
school counselor.
• The person might need professional help to stop using drugs. A grown-up can help the person
find the treatment he or she needs to stop using drugs.
• Kids can also help others is by choosing not to try or use drugs. It's a good way for friends to
stick together.
• Understanding drugs and why they are dangerous is another good step for a kid to take.

Provisions Under R.A. 9165

Section 41. Involvement of the Family. – The family being the basic unit of the Filipino society
shall be primarily responsible for the education and awareness of the members of the family on
the ill effects of dangerous drugs and close monitoring of family members who may be
susceptible to drug abuse.
Section 42. Student Councils and Campus Organizations. – All elementary, secondary and
tertiary schools' student councils and campus organizations shall include in their activities a
program for the prevention of and deterrence in the use of dangerous drugs, and referral for
treatment and rehabilitation of students for drug dependence.
Section 43. School Curricula. – Instruction on drug abuse prevention and control shall be
integrated in the elementary, secondary and tertiary curricula of all public and private schools,
whether general, technical, vocational or agro-industrial as well as in non-formal, informal and
indigenous learning systems. Such instructions shall include:
(1) Adverse effects of the abuse and misuse of dangerous drugs on the person, the family, the
school and the community;
(2) Preventive measures against drug abuse;
(3) Health, socio-cultural, psychological, legal and economic dimensions and implications of the
drug problem;
(4) Steps to take when intervention on behalf of a drug dependent is needed, as well as the
services available for the treatment and rehabilitation of drug dependents; and
(5) Misconceptions about the use of dangerous drugs such as, but not limited to, the importance
and safety of dangerous drugs for medical and therapeutic use as well as the differentiation
between medical patients and drug dependents in order to avoid confusion and accidental
stigmatization in the consciousness of the students.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
June 7, 2002
THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS DRUGS
ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED
Approved: January 23, 2002
GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
President of the Philippines
BACKGROUND/MOTIVATION
There is a need to intensify our campaign against the menace of drugs in our country, thus, RA
9165 was enacted and amended by RA 10640 in order to further strengthen the fight of the
government against the proliferation of prohibited drugs.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Narcotics Investigation - is an investigation of acts committed in violation of RA 9165 which is
primarily focused on illegal drug activities such as: importation, sale, possession, manufacture,
maintenance of drug den, dive or resorts, unlawful use, etc.
Clandestine Laboratory - Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug
and or controlled precursor and essential chemicals.
Cultivate or Culture - Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising or permitting the
planting, growing or raising of any plant which is the source of a dangerous drug.
Den, Dive or Resort - A place where any dangerous drug or controlled precursor and essential
chemical is administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes, distributed, sold or used in any
form.
Dispense - Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with
or without use of prescription.
Protector/Coddler - Any person who knowingly consents to the unlawful acts provided and
uses his/her influence, power, or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the
escape ofany person he/she knows or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects has
violated in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution, and conviction of the violator.
Pusher - Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispense, delivers transit or transports
dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker in any of such transactions.
 Unlawful Acts and Its
Corresponding Penalties (R.A. 9165)
PROHIBITED ACTS
Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
PENALTIES
Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00)
to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000).
PROHIBITED ACTS
Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensing, Delivery, Distribution, and Transportation of
Dangerous Drugs and or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals (CPEC’s)
PENALTIES
Life Imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000) to
Ten million pesos (P10,000,000)
PROHIBITED ACTS
Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort
Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or Resort
PENALTIES
Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000) to
ten million pesos (P10,000,000).
Imprisonment ranging from twelve (12) years and one (1) day to twenty (20) years and a fine
ranging from one hundred thousand pesos (P100,000) to five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000).
PROHIBITED ACTS
Manufacture of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
PENALTIES
Life Imprisonment to death and a fine ranging P500,000 to P10,000,000
Imprisonment ranging from 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from P100,000 to
P500,000
PROHIBITED ACTS
Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus, and Other Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
PENALTIES
Imprisonment ranging from 12 years and 1 day to 20 years and a fine ranging from P100,000 to
P500,000
PROHIBITED ACTS
Possession of Dangerous Drugs
 10 grams or more of opium, morphine, heroin and cocaine
 50 grams or more of methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu;
 10 grams or more of marijuana resin or marijuana resin oil; and
 500 grams or more of marijuana; and
 10 grams or more of other dangerous drugs
PENALTIES
Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000) to
ten million pesos (P10,000,000) upon any dangerous drug in the following quantities, regardless
of the degree of purity
PROHIBITED ACTS
Possession of Equipment, Instrument, Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs
Possession of Dangerous Drugs during Parties, Social gatherings or Meeting
PENALTIES
Imprisonment ranging from 6 months and 1 day to 4 years and a fine ranging from P10,000 to
P50,000.
Life Imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000) to
ten million pesos (P10,000,000) regardless of the degree of purity.
PROHIBITED ACTS
Use of Dangerous Drugs
PENALTIES
 First Offender -Minimum of six (6) months rehabilitation in a government center, subject
to the provisions of Article VIII of RA 9165.
  2nd time Offender - Imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve
(12) years and a fine ranging from Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000) to two hundred
thousand pesos (P200,000); Provided, that Section 15, Article II of RA 9165 shall not be
applicable where the person tested is also found to have in his/her possession such
quantity of any dangerous drug provided for under Section 11 of RA 9165.
PROHIBITED ACTS
Cultivation or Culture of Plants Classified as Dangerous Drugs
PENALTIES
Life imprisonment to Death and a fine ranging from Five hundred pesos (P500,000) to Ten
million pesos (P10,000,000)

TERRORISM and VIOLENT

EXTREMISM
Lesson Objectives
L.O. #1: Enumerate the prominent terror threat groups currently operating in the country;
L.O. #2: Identify and discuss the most recent terror incidents and how it greatly contributes to the
growing terror threat in the Philippines;
L.O. #3: Explain the lesson learned from the Hilongos, Leyte bombing.
“I AM TELLING YOU, IN THE COMING DAYS WE WILL BE FACING A SERIOUS
PROBLEM. IT IS TERRORISM.
BE PREPARED.”
-Pres. Rodrigo Roa Duterte

II. ISIS and the Global Threat of Terrorism

A. ISIS
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
(ISIL), Islamic State (IS), and by its Arabic language acronym Daesh is an Arabic Salafi jihadist
militant group that follows a fundamentalist, Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.
ISIS gained global prominence in early 2014 when it drove Iraqi government forces out of key
cities in its Western Iraq offensive, followed by its capture of Mosul and the Sinjar massacre.
The ISIS, led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, has been designated a terrorist organization by the
United Nations and many individual countries.
ISIS is widely known for its videos of beheadings, human rights abuses, war crimes, ethnic
cleansing on a "historic scale“. ISIS follows an extremist interpretation of ISLAM, promotes
religious violence, and regards Muslims who do not agree with its interpretations as infidels or
apostates.
ISIS’ philosophy is represented by the symbolism in the Black Standard variant of the legendary
battle flag of Prophet Muhammad that it has adopted: the flag shows the Seal of Muhammad
within a white circle, with the phrase above it, "There is no god but God [Allah]".
ISIS has sought to establish itself as a caliphate, an Islamic state led by a group of religious
authorities under a supreme leader – the caliph – who is believed to be the successor to Prophet
Muhammad.
DANGERS OF RADICALIZATION
“Since declaring its caliphate in June 2014, the ISIS conducted or inspired more than 140
terrorist attacks in 29 countries other than Iraq and Syria.”
Many of these attacks were motivated by ISIS propaganda.There is a clear showing that the
deadly tentacles of ISIS have spread from the terrorist group’s territories in Iraq and Syria to
points around the globe including the Philippines. The ISIS has extensively utilized the social
media and has been very effective in attracting and inspiring more and more people from very
diverse backgrounds for expanding its territory as a central part of its ideology. They also use
social media successfully for propaganda, which is also relevant as an issue of radicalization as a
platform to expose their message to the widest possible audience.
The following are just a few of these ISIS inspired attacks, which could also happen in the
Philippines…
Dec 2, 2015-Tashfeen Malik and her husband, Syed Rizwan Farook shoot 14 people to death
and injure 21 others at a gathering of local government health workers in San Bernardino,
California. Malik pledged allegiance to ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi on Facebook
June 12, 2016 – A gunman, Omar Mateen, killed 49 people at the Pulse nightclub in Orlando,
Florida. Subsequent analysis of his computer shows he was also an admirer of al Qaeda cleric
Anwar al Awlaki.
July 14, 2016 – French-Tunisian, Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel drove a truck into crowds
celebrating France's National Day in Nice, killing 84 people and injuring many more. The attack
is believed to have been inspired by ISIS.
December 15, 2014 – A gunman, Man Haron Monis, takes 17 hostages in a cafe in Sydney. The
attack, believed to have been inspired by ISIS, resulted to the killing of two hostages and the
gunman.
June 4, 2017-A van, driven by Khuram Butt, ploughed through a group of pedestrians at the
London Bridge, thereafter, he and his two other companions alighted and went on a stabbing
spree; 8 people were killed and 48 were injured
One of the attackers, Youssef Zaghba was once stopped at Bologna Guglielmo Marconi
Airport by Italian officers who found IS-related materials on his mobile phone;
May 22, 2017- Following a concert by American singer Ariana Grande, British Muslim Salman
Ramadan Abedi detonated a shrapnel-laden homemade bomb at the exit of Manchester Arena in
England; 23 adults and children were killed, including Abedi, and 250 were injured.
On 23 May, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, via the Nashir Telegram channel, claimed
the attack was carried out by "a soldier of the Khilafah".

III. ISIS-Inspired Threat Groups

1. Maute Group
2. The Abu Sayyaf Group-Isnilon Hapilon
3. Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
The Maute Group
(MG)
Calling themselves as Daulah Islamiyah or IS Ranao, the Maute group is led by the brothers
Abdullah and Omar Khayam Maute who hails from Marawi City and Butig, both in Lanao del
Sur. The Maute clan is one of the most prominent Maranao trader clans in Central Mindanao and
are connected to some high-ranking MILF and local political figures in the area. Their aim is
similar to those groups who pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr Al Baghdadi, to establish a caliphate
in Mindanao, similar to the aspirations of other Al Qaeda-linked groups in the past such as the
ASG and the JI They may have adhered to the wishes of the Daesh leadership by harboring
Hapilon within their enclaves in Central Mindanao.
The Abu Sayyaf Group
(ISNILON HAPILON)
Assessed to have splintered into several territorial groups scattered throughout Western
Mindanao, the ASG remains to be the main terrorist threat responsible for numerous terrorist
attacks to include kidnap-for-ransom,bombing and extortion. Initially calling themselves as Al
Harakatul Al Islamiyah, the ASG was founded by Abdurajak Janjalani, an Afghan war veteran in
1991. Their exploits ranged from the MV Doulos bombing in August 1991 to the most recent
attempted incursion in Inabanga, Bohol in April of this year.
Basilan-based ASG leader, Isnilon Hapilon, pledged allegiance to the Daesh in 2014 just as the
terrorist group grew to prominence in the Middle East in that same year. He is now embedded
with the Maute group after being forced to leave Basilan and move to Lanao del Sur for a
number of reasons, including the pressure from FMOs targeting his group and their followers.
 The Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
An MILF breakaway group once led by the late Ameril Umbra Kato, former commander of the
MILF’s 105th Base Command which operates in Maguindanao. His subordinates, Kagui
Karialan and Kato’s successor, Esmael Abubakr @ Cmdr Bongos separately pledged their
allegiance to Daesh sometime in 2015. They also boast of a huge following among the
disgruntled members of the MILF.
Sulu-Based ASG Factionof Radullan Sahiron
Sulu-based ASG headed by Radullan Sahiron did not pledge allegiance to the
ISIS.Preoccupied with raising money through kidnap-for-ransom (KFR) and other
criminal activitiesIn 2016, the ASG reportedly earned an estimated total of Php 353M from
ransom payments
IV. INCIDENTS THAT HIGHLIGHT THE SERIOUSTHREAT OF TERRORISM IN
THE PHILIPPINES
[ Philippines Becoming a Magnet for FTFs ]
“As we counted, about 20 Indonesians and the rest iba-iba. May Malaysians, may Saudi, may
mga Yemen. Sa Mosul ngayon, maganda rin yong allied forces doon. In fact, they are forecasting
in six months, matalo nila yung ISIS doon. So we expect na yung mga madidisplace don, pupunta
ng Asia. And because of the Marawi case, parang Magnet itong Pilipinas. Yun yung babantayan
natin.”-Gen. Eduardo M. Año (AFP Chief of Staff )
At least eight foreign terrorists have been killed in besieged Marawi City as residents reported
seeing "foreign-looking" fighters joining gunfights against state forces.
Indonesia CT unit DENSUS 88 disclosed:
Al-Ikhwan Yushel
Indonesian POI arrived in Manila 30 March Cebu Pacific Flight 5J760reportedly linked with
Indonesian terrorist network.
BI verification:
arrived in PH from Jakarta,
on 29 March
presented return ticket
dated 12 April 2017
To date, there is still no record of his departure from PH
Two other Daesh-linked Indonesians
• Yayat Hidayat Tarli
 • Anggara Suprayogi

 departed from Jakarta to Manila on 15 April

 connecting flight to Misamis Oriental
 Presented return ticket for 26 April
 allegedly plan to undergo training with Isnilon Hapilon
TOTAL POIs IN THE PH IN 2017: 5
• Al-Ikhwan Yushel
• Yayat Hidayat Tarli
• Anggara Suprayogi
• Mochamad Jaelani Firdaus
• Muhammad Gufron
HAPILON AS ISIS ‘EMIR’ PLANS
The announcement of Abu Sayyaf leader Isnilon Hapilon’s designation as the ‘Emir’ of the
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Southeast Asia indicates that the group is planning to
expand in the Philippines.
“Another indication of (ISIS) the expansion in the Philippines, Isnilon Hapilon was (earlier)
declared by (ISIS leader) Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi as the “Emir” in Southeast Asia,”
The Marawi siege provides a strong indicator that the Maute Group has fully-equipped and well-
prepared forces to fully launch a massive attack in Marawi City and engage the joint elements of
the AFP and PNP in a raging firefight.

V. The Horrors of Terrorism

DAVAO NIGHT MARKET BOMBING (SEPT 2, 2016)
A bombing at a night market in Davao City killed at least 14 people and injured more than 60.
BEHEADINGS
On June 19, 2001 Guillermo Sobero, an American citizen kidnapped from the Dos Palmas
Resort, was the first foreigner beheaded by the Abu Sayyaf.
On July 11, 2007 a truckload of Philippine Marines was ambushed by the Abu Sayyaf in
Basilan. After the firefight, at least 10 of the 14 dead marines recovered were found beheaded.
On September 21, 2015, English-born Canadian Robert Hall was kidnapped. Mr. Hall was later
on beheaded in Jolo on 13 June 2016.
On February 27, 2017, German tourists Jürgen Kantner was beheaded by the Abu Sayyaf. He
and his companion, Sabine Merz were abducted from his yacht off Malaysia's Sabah state in
November 2016.
MARAWI SIEGE-
Hundreds of thousands displaced

Millions worth of properties destroyed

Innocent civilians killed.

VI. HILONGOS INCIDENT

At least 34 people were wounded when two IED bombs exploded at an amateur boxing
tournament in Hilongos town’s Rizal plaza on December 28, 2016.
As we look back at the terrorist attack in Hilongos, Leyte we are made aware that a little known
municipality of Hilongos, Leyte can be a subject of terrorist attack. Therefore, there is no room
for complacency. Law enforcers should always bear in mind that their AOR, no matter how
obscure, could be the target/haven of terrorism..
Acts of terrorism have been committed by Muslim extremists who try to justify terror actions in
the name of ISLAM.
DOES ISLAM REALLY PROMOTE TERRORISM?