Quadratic Equations

Prepared by
Golam Robbani Ahmed
An example of a Quadratic Equation:

The name Quadratic comes from "quad" meaning square,

because the variable gets squared (like x²).

It is also called an "Equation of Degree 2" (because of the

"2" on the x)

The Standard Form of a Quadratic Equation looks like

this:

Where a, b and c are known values. a

can't be 0.
"x" is the variable or unknown
What is solution of Quadratic equation?
The solution of Quadratic Equation means
finding the variable. There are usually 2
solutions . They are also called "roots", or
sometimes "zeros“.
There are Four methods of solutions
1.Factorization method
2.By completing Square
3.By Quadratic formula
4.Graphing Method
 Factorisation Method
•Factoring is typically one of the easiest and quickest ways
to solve quadratic equations;

•However,all quadratic polynomials can not be factorised.

•This means that factoring will not work to solve many

quadratic equations.
 Factoring (Examples)
•Example 1 Example 2
2
•x – 2x – 24 = 0 2
x – 8x + 11 = 0
•(x + 4)(x – 6) = 0 2
x – 8x + 11 is prime;
•x + 4 = 0 x–6=0 therefore, another method
must be used to solve this
• x = –4 x=6 equation.
X=1/4
 =0

X=-5/√2 or x=--√2
Derivation of Quadratic Formula
A Quadratic Equation looks like this:

That formula looks like magic, but you can follow the steps
to see how it comes about.
This "discriminates" or tells us what type of solutions we'll have.

 b  b  4ac 2
ax  bx  c  0
2
x
2a
If we have a quadratic equation and are considering solutions
from the real number system, using the quadratic formula, one of
three things can happen.
1. The "stuff" under the square root can be positive and we'd get
two unequal real solutions if b 2  4ac  0
2. The "stuff" under the square root can be zero and we'd get one
solution (called a repeated or double root because it would factor
if b 2
into two equal factors, each giving  4us  0same solution).
acthe
3. The "stuff" under the square root can be negative and we'd get
no real solutions. if b 2  4ac  0
The "stuff" under the square root is called the discriminant.
The Discriminant   b  4ac
2
 Square Root Property
•This method is also relatively quick and easy;

•It only works for equations in which the quadratic

polynomial is written in the following form.

2 2
• x = n or (x + c) = n
 Square Root Property (Examples)
Example 1 Example 2

 x2 = 49 (x + 3)2 = 25

 x2  49 ( x  3)2  25

x = ± 7 x+3=±5

 x+3=5 x + 3 = –5
 x=2 x = –8
By completing the square
 Completing the Square (Examples
•Example 1 Example 2

•a = 1, b is even a ≠ 1, b is not even

3x2 – 5x + 2 = 0
2
•x – 6x + 13 = 0 x 51
x2  5 x  2  0 6 6
2
•x – 6x + 9 = –13 + 9 3 3 OR
2
• (x – 3) = –4 x2  5 x  25   2  25 x 51
3 36 3 36 6 6
• x – 3 = ± 2i 
5 
2
x  1


6  36 x = 1 OR x = ⅔
• x = 3 ± 2i
x 5   1
6 6
 Quadratic Formula
•This method will work to solve all quadratic equations;

•However,for many equations it takes longer than some of

the methods discussed earlier.

•The quadratic formula is a good choice if the quadratic

polynomial cannot be factorised
 Quadratic Formula (Example)
2
•x – 8x – 17 = 0 8  (8) 2  4(1)(17)
x
•In this method 2(1)

•equation is compared 8  64  68
x
2
With standard quadratic
equation 8  132
x
2

•a = 1 8  2 33
x
2
•b = –8
•c = –17 4  33
 Graphing
•Graphing to solve quadratic equations does not always
produce an accurate result.

•If the solutions to the quadratic equation are irrational or

complex, there is no way to tell what the exact solutions are
by looking at a graph.

•Graphing is very useful when solving contextual problems

involving quadratic equations.