Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology

RECIP ENGINE FUEL METERING SYSTEM

QUIZ

1. What is the purpose carburetion or fuel metering system?

Purpose of fuel metering system / carburetion is to control the amount of fuel being
delivered to the engine. Also, it is to mix fuel/air mixture over wide range of
operation and environmental condition. The purpose of carburetion is to provide
combustible mixture of fuel and air.

2. What are the standard sea-level pressure and temperature?

In the ISA model, the standard sea level pressure/temperature is 29.92 in.
(1,013.25 mb) and 59°F (15°C).

3. How is the venturi tube utilized in a carburetor?

As fuel is pumped to the discharge jet, air is pulled into the chamber by utilizing the
venturi tube.

4. In what terms are F/A mixtures generally expressed?

F/A mixtures are expressed by weight.

5. Explain the best-economy mixture of fuel and air.

Also known as the stoichiometric mixture, the ratio is 15 parts air, 1-part fuel.

6. What is meant by the brake specific fuel consumption of an engine?

Also known as bsfc, it is a ratio which shows the amount of fuel consumed by an
engine in pounds per hour for each bhp developed.
7. What atmospheric conditions affect air density?
Pressure, temperature, and humidity.

8. How is the fuel discharge nozzle in float type carburetor located with respect to
the fuel level in the float chamber?
The main discharge nozzle is located just slightly below the level of the fuel, causing
the formation of a finely divided F/A mixture which is fed into the airstream of the
venturi.

9. Explain the use of air bleed in a float-type carburetor.

The air bleed lifts an emulsion of air and liquid to a higher level above the liquid level
in the float chamber than would be possible with unmixed fuel.

10. Describe a throttle valve and its operation.

The throttle valve, usually a butterfly-type valve, is incorporated in the fuel-air duct
to regulate the fuel-air output. The valve opens and closes to regulate the flow of air
which in turn increase or decrease the venturi effect on the fuel at the main
discharge nozzle.

11. Explain the importance of float level in a carburetor.

It functions to regulate the proper amount of fuel carburetor to be released by the
discharge nozzle. If fuel levels are too high, the float moves upward, closing the
needle valve and stopping fuel flow. The opposite happens when fuel levels are too
low in the chamber.

12. Describe the main metering system in carburetor.

The main metering system consists of three parts: the main metering jet, the main
discharge nozzle, and the passage leading to the idling system.

13. What is idle-cutoff?

A valve that stops the flow of fuel through an idling system on certain carburetors. It
is used to the engine.
14. Why is an accelerating system needed?
When the throttle body is wide open, air flows into the carburetor at a very high rate.
The venturi effect created is not enough to pull the necessary fuel within the
chamber. An acceleration system is needed to increase fuel flow to meet the
demands of the incoming air.

15. What is the purpose of the economizer system in carburetor?

To help regulate a lean mixture during cruising speed and a rich mixture during full
throttle.

16. Describe the purpose of an AMC?

To automatically control F/A mixtures as altitude changes.

17. Differentiate between updraft and downdraft carburetors.

Updraft carburetors has air flowing up the carburetor, while downdraft carburetors
take air from above the engine and air flows downward through the carburetor.

18. What are the disadvantages of a float-type carburetor?

The fuel-flow disturbances in aircraft maneuvers may interfere with the functions of
the float mechanism, resulting in erratic fuel delivery, sometimes causing engine
failure. Also, they are prone to icing.

19. Describe methods for heating the carburetor intake air.

Exhaust type carburetor air intake heaters use heated exhaust to heat air before it
passes in to the carburetor. Alternate air inlet heating system uses a scoop to draw
cool air and closes to draw warm air from the engine bay. Compressed air from a
supercharger.

20. What is the purpose of water injection?

Used to cool the F/A mixture to prevent detonation.

21. What is meant by ‘fuel injection’?

Fuel or F/A mixture is sent into the induction system of an engine using a pressure
system that is NOT a displacement system (such as venturi in carburetors) directly
to the cylinders to ignite pistons and send heat/energy to the engine
22. List the advantages of a fuel injection system.
1. No carburetor ice 2. Reduction of maintenance work 3. No stalling/Instant
acceleration 4. More uniform delivery of F/A mix 5. Improved control of F/A ratio 6.
More efficient engine

23. What are the basic units of the Continental Continuous Flow fuel injection
system?
Consists of a fuel injector pump, a control unit, a fuel manifold, and a fuel discharge
nozzle.

24. At what locations on the engine are the fuel discharge nozzles installed?
The fuel discharge nozzle is located in the carburetor barrel so that its open end is in
the throat or narrowest part of the venturi. A main metering orifice, or jet, is placed
in the fuel passage between the float chamber and the discharge nozzle to limit the
fuel flow when the throttle valve is wide open.

25. Explain the operation of the altitude compensating valve.

To prevent an overly rich mixture during sudden acceleration. prevent detonation at
high altitudes. provide a means of enriching the mixture during sudden acceleration.

26. What is the purpose of the AMC on the Bendix RSA fuel injection system?
Regulates pressure differential across (Air Metering)

27. Describe the operation of the AMC on the RSA fuel injection.
As a/c ascends, mixture is automatically leaned to provide optimum fuel/air ratio. As
a/c descends mixture control enrichens the mixture. Amc utilizes a sealed bellow
position either a back suction or variable orifice type mixture control through an
actuator. A/c climb, bellow expands and reduces the amount of fuel flow to the
discharged nozzle, leaning the mixture.
28. Describe the operation of flow divider.
Metered fuel flow from the regulator to the flow divider. Located on top, center of an
engine. Consist of a diaphragm operated valve and a spring. When no fuel pressure,
combination of atmosphere and spring pressure holds the valve in the closed position.
When fuel pressure builds enough to overcome atmospheric and spring pressure, valve
opens and allows fuel into the flow divider. Fuel flows through 1/8" stainless steel tubing
out to each injector nozzle. An outlet also provided for a pressure gauge in the cockpit,
calibrated in pound per square inch (psi), gal/hr or lbs/hr. Pressure reading at the flow
divider indicate collective pressure drop across all the fuel injector nozzle. The gauge
pressure is directly proportional to the pressure drop caused by fuel flow through the
nozzles. At all speed above idle, the small opening in the nozzle restrict the amount of
fuel that can flow into each cylinder. This cause a back pressure to build up in the
metered fuel line, in turn influences the fuel metering force. BASED ON THIS, NOZZLES
CONTROL FUEL PRESSURE WHEN ENGINE RPM IS ABOVE IDLE.

29. Explain air metering force and fuel metering force.

The force used in pressure carburetors and certain fuel injection systems to
determine the amount of fuel to be metered into the engine. The air metering force is
a balance between ram air pressure picked up by impact tubes and a low pressure
produced in a venturi.

30. Explain the function of constant effort spring.

In a constant effort support the load remains constant when the pipe moves from its
cold position to the hot position. Thus irrespective of travel the load remains
constant over the complete range of movement.