GIVEN

• Film condensation of water

FIND
The average heat transfer coefficient at pressure of 10 kPa and 101 kPa for
(a) A vertical surface of height (H) = 1.5 m
(b) The outside surface of a vertical tube Outside diameter (D) = 1.6 cm = 0.016 m
Height (H) = 1.5 m
(c) The outside surface of a horizontal tube Outside diameter (D) = 1.6 cm = 0.016m
Length (L) = 1.5 m
(d) A 10 tube vertical bank of horizontal tubes Outside diameter (D) = 1.6 cm
Length (L) = 1.5 m
ASSUMPTIONS
• Steady state
• Vapor velocity is negligible
• Surface temperatures (Ts) are constant at 11°C below saturation temperature
• Film thickness is much smaller than the pipe diameter
• Laminar condensate flow
SKETCH
1
2
D = 1.6 cm
3
D = 1.6 cm
. . . .
. . . .
A = 1.5 cm . . . .
L = 1.5 m . . . .
. . . .
. . . .
10

(a) (b) (c) (d)

PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS

From Appendix 2, Table 13, the saturation temperatures for water at
101 kPa (Tsv1) = 100°C, therefore Ts = Tsv – 11°C = 89°C
10 kPa (Tsv2) = 45.3°C, therefore, Ts = 34.3°C
The film temperatures, as given in Section 10.4.1 are
Tfilm1 = Ts + 0.25 (Tsv – Ts) = 89°C + 0.25 (11°C) = 91.8°C
Tfilm2 = 34.3°C+ 0.25 (11°C) = 37.1°C
From Appendix 2, Table 13, for water at the film temperatures
Film Temperature, °C 91.8 37.1
Density, ρl (kg/m ) 3
963.8 993.3
Thermal conductivity, k (W/(m K)) 0.678 0.628
Absolute viscosity, μl × 106 (Ns/m2) 310.0 693.8
Vapor density, ρv = 1/vg (kg/m3) 0.4468 0.0427
Heat of vaporization, hfg × 10–6 (J/kg) 2.278 2.413
Specific heat, cpl (J/(kg K)) 4204 4175

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