Agriculture Monitoring and Security System

Using Sensor Networks

1
Avnish Kumar Singh, 2Syed Ainul Hasan, 3Akanksha Sing and 4Ishan Mishra
1234
Students,
1234
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida,
Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract: The history of Agriculture in India dates 1.INTRODUCTION

back to Indus Valley Civilization and even before
that in some places of Southern India. India ranks
second worldwide in farm outputs. As per 2018,
agriculture employed 50% of the Indian work force
and contributed 17-18% to country's GDP. In India
Farmers are facing a lot of problems in agriculture
and the sole purpose of this project is to help the
farmers of India. In recent years, intelligent sensor
techniques have achieved significant attention in
agriculture. It is applied in agriculture to plan the
several activities and missions properly by utilising
limited resources with minor human interference.
Currently, plant cultivation using new agriculture
methods is very popular among the growers. This
security and monitoring system offers multiple
usage to our farmers that are truly the backbone of
our nation. This monitoring and security system
can detect motion of animals that often destroy the
farming land which causes a great trouble to the
farmers and sends a message through GSM in case
of any intruder, animal or human. Also, it sends
moisture level of land which helps the farmer to
gain knowledge of their cultivating land and it
automatically switches the motor ON/OFF
depending on the humidity level of the land. Not
only this, it senses and updates the temperature of
the area that helps farmer to know the crop they
need to plant. It saves water and also saves usage
of pesticides and fertilizers. With all this, it saves
the manual labour of the farmers making them
more efficient worker.
Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Arduino
Uno, Controlling and Monitoring GSM,
agriculture, soil moisture sensor, temperature
sensor, Arduino
In India, the economy of country is majorly
dependent upon agriculture. In spite of the
economic growth and development, agriculture
is the backbone of the economies not only in
India but all over the world. Agriculture has a
great effect on the gross domestic product as it
is the main stay of many countries including
India. Agriculture meets food requirements of
all the people and serves as raw material input
for several major and minor industries. There is
always a huge loss of crops due to animal
interference in agricultural land, crops are being
destroyed and farmers are lost in large numbers
as they cannot afford their land to get destroyed.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) empower
monitoring and controlling of corresponding
physical environments from remote area with
better efficiency and accuracy to the user. This
work presents the design and the
Implementation of WSNs for farm monitoring
and security, that has easy installation and
accessbility to the farmers. It is a
microcontroller based circuit to monitor and
control intrusion by alerting the farm owner
after the use of alarm on the farmland in order
to scare aware intruders. The system is
optimized is a great help to farmers not only in
India but also in other countries for securing
their agriculture land. This work is motivated
by different views relating to farming security.
Farmers only build fences using sticks and
ropes as the only security measure, which can
be very stressful and time consuming, and in
turn limit farmers from farming on a large scale.
This does not make the land fully secure and
many intruders can still cross the land harming
the agriculture land and harming the economy
of the farmers. With the buzzer alarming
system many intruders which may be birds,
animals or human get scared and leave the farm
immediately out of reflex. This will save the
farm owner of the stress of going to the farmand
thus providing them a tension and stress free
life making them more efficient. Also, with
varies sensors used such as the humidity sensor
used, it automatically turns ON/OFF the motor
reducing the effort of the farmers. Whenever
the soil gets dry the motor automatically turns
off and with increase in water content in the soil
the motor turns off. This reduces a lot of effort
of the farmers. There are many other sensors
used in this model such as temperature sensor
which helps to know the temperature of the
surrounding area thus helping to get the
condition for better and secure farming. Also
over use of fertiliser and pesticides degrade the
soil the sensors used in this model tells the
content of various elements in the soil and thus
famers can now use fertilizer and pesticides
more effectively thus saving their money and
land condition.
2.LITERATURE REVIEW
Maheswari discussed about development of
Embedded based system to monitor elephant
intrusion in forest border areas using IOT.
Nirdosh Kumar and Mrs.Shimi S discussed
about Smart Farming System for Indian
Farmers using Arduino Based Technology.
KhatriVyas, AmolBoroleand Shikhasinge
discussed about smart agriculture monitoring
and data acquisition system.Gayatri discussed
about Providing smart agriculture solutions to
farmers for better yielding using
IOTS.R.Nandurkar, V.R.Thool discussed
about. Design and development of precision
agriculture system using wireless sensor
network. Huichang discussed about Anew
Agriculture Monitoring system based on
WSNs. Meonghun lee, Jeonghwan Hwang and
Hyun Hoe discussed about Agriculture
production system based on IOT.
Yimmingzhou discussed about A wireless
design of low cost irrigation system using
zigbee technology. M.UshaRani , kamalesh S
discussed about web based service to monitor
automatic irrigation for the agriculture field
using sensors.Ghulam Ali, Shaikh A. W.,
Aqeel-ur-rehman, Shaikh Z.A. discussed about
A framework for development of cost effective
irrigation control system based on wireless
sensor and actuator network for efficient water
management. Zengyu Pen, Yandong Zhao
discussed about Real time monitoring system
for soil moisturing content based on
microcontroller operating system. Nikesh
Gondchawar Dr. R. S. Kawitkar discussed
about IOT Based Smart Agriculture. Pasha
B.R., Dr. B.Yogesha discussed about,
Microcontroller based automatic irrigation
system. Y. Hao ,B. Campana and E.Keogh.
discussed about Monitoring and mining animal
sounds in visual space. D.O.Shrisath, Punam
Kamble, Rohini Mane, Ashwini Kolap,
R.S.More discussed about IOT Based Smart
Greenhouse Automation Using Arduino.
Dr.V..Vidya Devi, G.Meenakumari discussed
about Real time automation and monitoring
system for modernised agriculture. C. Liu, W.
Ren, B. Zhang discussed about The application
of soil temperature measurement by lm35
temperature sensors.
3.PROPOSED METHOD
The block diagram of agriculture monitoring
and security system. Farmers start to utilize
various monitoring and controlled system in
order to increase the yield with help of
automation of agricultural parameters like soil
moisture, temperature and humidity sensor, IR
sensor Sonic repellent are monitored and
controls the systems which can help the farmers
to improve the crop yield.

Figure 1: Block diagram
There are different sensors are used to
controlling the process of irrigation system.
Different sensors used are soil moisture,
temperature and humidity sensor, IR, Sonic
repellent are all measured . The measured
values will be received through GSM .
Soil moisture sensor:
The DHT11 may be a usually used Temperature
and humidness device. The device comes with
an avid NTC to live temperature Associate in
Nursingd an 8-bit microcontroller to output the
values of temperature and humidness as serial
information. The device is additionally works
tag and thence simple to interface with different
microcontrollers.
The device will live temperature from 0°C to
50°C Associate in Nursingd humidness from 2
hundredth to ninetieth with an accuracy of ±1°C
and ±1%. Therefore if you're trying to live
during this vary then this device could be the
proper selection for you.
IR sensor:
Infrared sensors can be passive or active.
Passive infrared sensors are basically Infrared
detectors. Passive infrared sensors do not use
any infrared source and detects energy emitted
by obstacles in the field of view. They are of
two types: quantum and thermal. Thermal
infrared sensors use infrared energy as the
source of heat and are independent of
wavelength. Thermocouples, pyroelectric
detectors and bolometers are the common types
of thermal infrared detectors.
Quantum type infrared detectors offer higher
detection performance and are faster than
thermal type infrared detectors. The
photosensitivity of quantum type detectors is
wavelength dependent. Quantum type detectors
are further classified into two types: intrinsic
and extrinsic types. Intrinsic type quantum
detectors are photoconductive cells and
photovoltaic cells.
GSM module:
GSM is a mobile communication modem; it is
stands for global system for mobile
communication (GSM). The idea of GSM was
developed at Bell Laboratories in 1970. It is
widely used mobile communication system in
the world. GSM is an open and digital cellular
technology used for transmitting mobile voice
and data services operates at the 850MHz,
900MHz, 1800MHz and 1900MHz frequency
bands.
GSM system was developed as a digital system
using time division multiple access (TDMA)
technique for communication purpose. A GSM
digitizes and reduces the data, then sends it
down through a channel with two different
streams of client data, each in its own particular
time slot. The digital system has an ability to
carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates.
Sonic repellent:
Electronic pest control is the name given to any
of several types of electrically powered devices
designed to repel or eliminate pests, usually
rodents or insects. Since these devices are not
regulated under the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act in the United
States, the EPA does not require the same kind
of efficacy testing that it does for chemical
pesticides. Studies on ultrasound pest control
devices have been described as ineffective, a
waste of money and potentially harmful to users
and their efforts to deter insects and prevent
disease.
ARDUINO UNO:
The Arduino Uno is associate ASCII text file
microcontroller board supported the chip
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed
by Arduino.cc.The board is supplied with sets
of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins
which will be interfaced to varied growth
boards (shields) and alternative circuits.[1] The
board has fourteen digital I/O pins (six capable
of PWM output), half dozen analog I/O pins,
and is programmable with the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment), via a
kind B USB cable. It will be supercharged by the
USB cable or by associate external 9-volt
battery, although it accepts voltages between
seven and twenty volts. it's additionally like the
Arduino Nano and architect. The hardware
reference style is distributed beneath a clever
Commons Attribution Share-Alike two.5
license and is on the market on the Arduino
web site. Layout and production files for a few
versions of the hardware are obtainable.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Figure 2: Overall output of the system The
overall output of the system is shown in figure
2.
When a tresspasser passes or enters the
agricultre land an alarm is raised and the Buzzer
beeps. The Ir sensor senses anyone incoming
and then through arduino Uno it passes the
message to the owner through GSM module.
The other sensors do their work simultaneously
like the DHT-11 sensor continously senses the
Humidity and water level in the land, soil
moisture sensor updated water level in the soil
and turns the motor ON/OFF.
Simultaneously sonic repellent creates ultrasoni
waves so that pests and insects do not degrade
the soil and the crop.
CONCLUSION
This paper presents a crop monitoring system
based on wireless sensor network. With the use
of wireless module system becomes flexible.
Sensors can be placed anywhere in the field and
if there is a need of relocation the it can be
easily done. The monitoring of field not only
allows user to reduce human power, but it also
allows user to see changes in it. Implementation
of this system in the field can definitely help to
improve the yield of the crops and overall
production.
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