CCA2 Selected Answers PDF

Selected Answers
for
Core Connections Algebra 2
Lesson 1.1.1
# of Buses
1-4. a: 1 b: 3
2 3
2
1
1-5. a: h(x) then g(x) b: Yes, g(x) then h(x).
45 90 135 180
1-6. See graph above right. # of Students
1-7. a: y b: y c: y d: y
x x
x
x
1-8. a: Not linear. b: The exponent. c: A parabola.
1-9. Answers will vary.
Lesson 1.1.2 (Day 1)

1-12. y = 2x + 10 x 0 1 2 3 4
y 10 12 14 16 18 y
See graph and table at right.
1-13. a: x = –13 or 17 b: x = – 3
2 or 7
3
c: x = 0 or 3 d: x = 0 or 5 x
e: x = 7 or –5 f: x = 1
3 or –5
1-14. a: 14, –4, 3x – 1 b: f(x) = 3x – 1
1-15. a: y = 5x – 2 b: x = 2
5
Temperature
1-16. a: 21, 15, (0, 15) b: –3, 3, (0, 3)
1-17. a: 16 b: 9 c: 478.38
Time
1-18. a: y depends on x; x is independent. Explanations will vary.
b: Temperature is dependent; time is independent.
c: See graph above right.
2 Core Connections Algebra 2

y
1-19. y = 30 – x x 0 1 6 20
Graph and table shown at right. y 30 29 24 10
Answers will vary.
1-20. See graph below. Possible inputs: x –4 –2 0 1 6 x

all real numbers; possible outputs: y 8 2 0 0.5 18
any number greater than or equal to zero.
y
1-21. a: 1 b: x = 12
c: 13 d: no solution
e: x = ± 13
2 ! ± 2.55 f: x = ± 7 ! ± 2.65 x
1-22. Cube each input: f (x) = x 3
1-23. a: The more gas you buy, the more money you spend. I: gallons, D: dollars;
b: People grow a lot in their early years and then their growing slows down. I: age,
D: height;
c: As time goes by, the ozone concentration goes down, although the effect is slowing.
I: year, D: ozone;
d: As the number of students grows, more classrooms are used and each classroom holds
30 students. I: students, D: classrooms.
e: Possible inputs: x can be any number between and including 0 and 120, possible
outputs: y = 1, 2, 3, 4.
1-24. They are similar by AA.

a: n b: m
m x
1-25. Error in line 2: It should be –14, not +14; x = –37.
Selected Answers 3
Lesson 1.1.3
y
1-34. a: The numbers between –2 and 4 inclusive. (–2,3)
b: The numbers between –1 and 3 inclusive.
x
c: No. He is missing all the values between those (4,–1)
numbers. The curve is continuous, so the description
needs to include all real numbers, not just integers.
d: See graph at right.
1-35. a: 70 b: 2 c: 43 d: undefined
e: 3x 2 = x – 5 – 3 f: 3x 2 = x – 5 + 7
g: all real numbers h: all real numbers greater than or equal to 5.
i: They are different because the square root of a negative is undefined, whereas any real
number can be squared.
1-36. Chelita is correct about how to find the intercepts, but she makes an error with signs
while factoring. The correct equation is (x ! 7)(x ! 3) = 0 and the x-intercepts are 7 and 3.
1-37. a: y = x–6
3 b: y = x+10
5 c: y = ± x
d: y = ± x+4
2 e: y = ± x + 5
1-38. a: –7 b: 3.5 c: The x- and y-intercepts.

Height (in inches)
1-39. a: y = 3x + 24; Table and graph shown at right. x y

0 24
1 27
1-40. a: x = 13 b: x = 8 2 30
3 33
4 36
5 39
Time (in weeks)

Lesson 1.1.4
1-46. (2, 1)
1-47. a: 2 b: 10 c: 100 d: ≈ 142.86
5± 73
1-48. a: x = 5, 3 b: x ≈ 3.39, –0.89 or x = 4
1-49. a: 34 ! 5.83 units b: 3

5
1-50. a: 1 b: 51
52 52
1-51. The error is in line 3. It should be: 0 = 5.4x + 23.7, x ≈ –4.39
1-52. a: x ≈ –7.37 b: x = 2.8

x h(x)
1-59. Table and graph shown below right. –3 –31 h(x)
D: !" < x < " , R: !" < x < " , –2 –12
( 3 4 , 0 ) or (≈ 1.59, 0)
x
–1 –5
intercepts (0, –4) and 0 –4
1 –3
2 4
1-60. a: ≈ 5.18 b: ≈18.66 3 23
c: ≈ 24.62 d: 180 ! 13.42

6sqrt(5)
1-61. a: A line, no variables are raised to a power. y
b: y = 2
3 x – 2 , graph shown at right.
x
c: Substitute x = 0 and solve for y, substitute
y = 0 and solve for x, (3, 0) and (0, –2).
y
d: Answers will vary.
e: The intercepts are (–9, 0) and (0, 6),
graph shown at right. x
1-62. a: D: x = –1, 1, 2 b: D: –1 ≤ x < 1 c: D: x ≥ –1 d: D: !" < x < "

R: y = –2, 1, 2 R: –1 ≤ y < 2 R: y ≥ –1 R: y ≥ –2
1-63. There is an error in line 2. Both sides need to be multiplied by x: 5 = x 2 – 4x,

0 = x 2 –4 –5 = (x –5)(x + 1), x = –1, 5.
1-64. a: x = 3, –2 b: x = 3, –3
Selected Answers 5
1-65. a: 2 b: –4 c: 1 is undefined d: Answers will vary.

0
( )
1-66. a: a and b: (0, 3) and – 23 ,!0 , see graph at right. y
3
b: These equations are equivalent, they just have different
notation. 1
x
-3 -1 1
-1
1-67. x ≈ 2.72 feet, y ≈ 1.27 feet
1-68. a: D: –2, –1, 2 b: D: –1< x ≤ 1 c: D: x > –1 d: D: !" < x < "

R: –1, 0, 1 R: –1< y ≤ 2 R: y > –1 R: !" < y < "
1-69. l = 4w and l + w = 22 or w + 4w = 22
The length is 17.6 cm, and the width is 4.4 cm.
1-70. a: x = ! 17
1 " !0.059 b: x = 66
13 ! 5.08 c: x = –1, 3
1-71. a: (–1, 9) and (5, 21) b: x 2 + 17 c: x 2 – 4x – 5

5(y–1) –2 y+6
1-72. a: x = 3 b: x = 3
c: x = ± y d: x = ± y + 100
area
1-73. y = ! x 2 , table and graph shown at right.

x 0 1 2 3 4
1-74. a: 58 ! 7.62 y 0 π 4π 9π 16π radius
b: – 3
7
1-75. Solve x 2 + 2x + 1 = 1 ; 0 or –2.
1-76. a: (0, 6) b: (0, 2) c: (0, 0)

d: (0, –4) e: (0, 25) f: (0, 13)
1-77. The second line should be 3x + 2 = 10 – 4x +4. x = 12

7

1-84. (1, 3) and (7, 81)
f(x)
1-85. a: x = –6 b: x = 38
13 ! 2.92
x
1-86. Graph shown at right. intercepts: (0, –2) and (4, 0),
domain: x ≥ 0, range: y ≥ –2.
1-87. x +(x + 18) or x + y = 84 and y = x +18; 33 and 51 meters long.

y
x y
1-88. a: Table and graph shown at right, y = 2x + 26. 0 26
1 28
b: 37 weeks after his birthday. 2 30
3 32 13
1-89. y = 0 4 34
a: (–2, 0) b: (–10, 0) c: (0, 0) -2 4x
(
d: ± 2, 0 ) e: (5, 0) f: ( 3 13, 0 )
y
1-90. Graph shown at right. domain: !" < x < " , range: y ≥ –8. x
Selected Answers 7
y–b
1-91. a: x = m b: r = ± A
!
c: W = V
LH d: y = 1
3–2 x
y x y
1-92. See table and graph at right. Answers will vary. –3
–2 –1
x –1 –2
1-93. a: Answers will vary. –0.5 –4
b: When the y-values are the same, they must be equal. 0 undef.
0.5 4
c: 3x + 15 = 3 – 3x, x = –2 1 2
2 1
d: y = 9 3
e: They cross at the point (–2, 9). h(x)
1-94. 7.5 feet

x
1-95. (± )
5, 0 ; Graph shown at right.
1-96. a: y b: y c: y-intercept (0, 3) for both, x-intercept

( )
– 23 , 0 for (a) and none for (b).
x x d: (0, 3) and (2, 7), solve 2x + 3 = x 2 + 3 to

get x = 0
or x = 2
1-97. a: 4 b: 2 c: 3 d: 1

Lesson 1.2.3
1-104. m = – 43 , (4, 0), (0, 3), graph shown at right
1-105. y = 3
2 x–3
!3± 21
1-106. x = 2 ≈ –3.79, 0.79 b: x = 7± 193
6 ! 3.48, –1.15
1-107. $12.00 # of People (Schools with an open campus)
# of People
1-108. Sample graphs.
or
Time Time
1-109. a: D: –3≤ x ≤ 3 b: D: x = 2 c: D: x ! "2
R: y = –2, 1, 3 R: !" < y < " R: !" < y < "
1-110. a: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 b: 16 c: 4
6 = 2
3
Selected Answers 9
Lesson 1.2.4
1-112. a: A portion of the trip at a specific speed.
b: About 400 miles. It is the total distance on the graph.
c: Graph shown below – a speed of approximately 30 mph for 1 hour, approximately
80 mph for the next 3 hours, 0 mph for 2 hours, approximately 40 mph for 2 hours,
and then approximately 20 mph for the last 2 hours. Note that the step graph assumes
instantaneous change of speed, which is not technically possible.
1-113. a: x = 2 b: x = 4
Speed (mph)
1-114. m!B = 39.8° , 244 ! 15.62
1-115. 56 inches
Time (hours)
1-116. The independent variable is the volume of water; the
Height of Liquid
dependent variable is the height of the liquid. The C
graph is 3 line segments starting at the origin. C is A B
the steepest, and B is the least steep.
Volume of Water
1-117. Diagrams vary; graph and table below, y = 3x. Added
1 1 x y
1-118. a: 26 b: 25
1 3
2 6
3 9

Lesson 2.1.1
2-4. a: See graph at right.
b: Yes, for every possible amount of water usage,
Cost ($)
there is only one possible cost.
c: Domain: 0 to 1,000 cubic feet; range: discrete
values including: $12.70, $16.60, $20.50, $24.40,
$29.60, $34.80, $40, $45.20, $50.40, $55.60,
$60.80 Water Used (ft3)
2-5. Smallest: a: 2; b: 0; c: –3; d: none.

Largest: a: none. b: none. c: none. d: 0. e: At the vertex.
2-6. The negative coefficient causes parabolas to open

downward, without changing the vertex. See graph at right.
2-7. a: Parabola with vertex (3, 0), see graph at right.

b: Shifted to the right three units.
t(n)
2-8. a: 4, 1, 0.25; t(n) = 256(0.25) n
b: They get smaller, but are never negative.
c: See graph at right. They get very close to zero.
d: The domain is n integers greater than or equal to zero.
The domain of the function is all real numbers.
2-9. a: y = ! 23 x ! 4 b: y = 2
n
c: x = 2 d: y = 2
3 x! 8
3
2-10. n = 24;! 650 = 5 26
Selected Answers 11
Lesson 2.1.2
2-17. a: (0, –6)

b: (–6, 0) and (1, 0)
c: x-intercepts at (0, 0) and (–5, 0) and y-intercept at (0, 0); the graph of p(x) is 6 units
lower than q(x)
d: –6
2-18. a: z = 1.5 b: z = – 18
5 c: z = 8 d: z = –3, 2
1 y
2-19. a: 3 b: c: x
x2 y4
2-20. a: 3p + 3d = 22.50 and p + 3d + 3(8) = 37.5, so popcorn costs $4.50 and a soft drink costs
$3.00.
b: Answers will vary.
2-21. a: 146 !!!12.1 b: 145!!!12.0 c: 50 !!!7.1 d: 5 2
2-22. Maximum profit is $25 million when n = 5 million.
2-23. a: vertex at (–3, –8), opens up, vertically stretched.

b: x-intercepts (–5, 0) and (–1, 0); y-intercept (0, 10)
2-24. a, b and c: Answers will vary.
2-25. a: y = (x – 8)2 – 5 b: y = 10(x + 6)2 c: y = –0.6x(x + 7)2 – 2
2-27. a: 5 2 b: 6 2 c: 3 5
2-28. a: x = 46.71 b: x = 8.19
2-29. About $ 365.00. b: y = 300(1.04) x

Lesson 2.1.3
2-35. a: y = 0 or 6 b: n = 0 or –5 c: t = 0 or 7 d: x = 0 or –9
2-36. a: (7, !16),!y = (x ! 7)2 ! 16 b: (2, !16),!y = (x ! 2)2 ! 16

c: (7, !9),!y = (x ! 7)2 ! 9 d: (2, –1)
2-37. a: (2, –1)

b: When x = 2, (x – 2)2 will equal zero and y = –1, the smallest possible value for y in
the equation. So the y-value of the vertex is the minimum value in the range of the
function.
2-38. a: 9.015 gigatons

b: C(x) = 8(1.01)(x+2) if x represents years since 2000 or 8.16(1.01) x .
2-39. a: 2 b: 1 c: 1 d: 2 e: 2 f: 1
h: If the factored version includes a perfect-square binomial factor, the parabola will
touch at one point only.
2-40. a: 4 b: 1 c: 6xy 3
16 x 4 y10
2-41. a: 8 b: 12 c: 6 d: 1
27 27 27 27
Selected Answers 13
Lesson 2.1.4
2-50. a: f (x)!=!(x + 3)2 + 6 (–3, 6), x = –3

b: y!=!(x ! 2)2 + 5 , (2, 5) x = 2
c: f (x) =!(x ! 4)2 ! 16 , (4, –16), x = 4
d: y!=!(x + 3.5)2 ! 14.25 , (–3.5, –14.25), x = –13.5
2-51. b2
a
y
2-52. The second graph is a reflection of the first
across the x-axis. See graph at right. x
2-53. a: 45 = 3 5 ! 6.71;!y = 1
2 x+5 b: 5; x = 3
c: 725 ! 26.93;!y = " 52 x + 52 d: 4; y = –2
2-54. After x is factored out, the other factor is a quadratic equation. After using the
!23± 561
Quadratic Formula the solutions are x = 8 or 0.
2-55. a: x = 21 b: x = 10 5 ! 22.4 c: x = 50
2-56. a: 1 b: 1
4 3
2-57. B
2-58. a: A cylinder b: 45π = 141.37 cubic units
2-59. a and b: Answers will vary. c: A circle.
2-60. (5, 14)
2-61. a: 0.625 hours or about 37.5 minutes.

b: 0.77 hours or about 46.2 minutes.
c: About $22.99 per minute.
2-62. a: 61 b: 30º c: tan !1 ( 45 ) d: 5 3
2-63. a: Years; 1.06; 120,000; 120000(1.06) x

b: Hours; 1.22; 180; 180(1.22) x

Lesson 2.1.5
2-70. See graph at right. y
a: It is the slope.
b: No, because only lines have (constant) slopes.
This 2 is the stretch factor.
x
2-71. a and b: No. Answers will vary.
2-72. a: y = 0.25 ! 6 x b: y = 12 ! 0.3x

y
( )
2-73. a: x: (1, 0), – 52 , 0 , y : (0, –5) b: x: (2, 0), y: none
2-74. See graphs at right.

a: stretched parabola, vertex (0, 5) x
b: inverted parabola, vertex (3, –7) y
x
2-75. a: x = ± 5 b: x = ± 11
Selected Answers 15
2-81. Possible equation: y = ! 25

4 (x ! 5)2 + 8 , standing at (0, 0)
domain: 0 ≤ x ≤ 10; range: 4 ≤ y ≤ 8
2-82. a: x :!(! 12 ,!0), (!1,!0);!y :!(0,!1) b: x = – 3

4
(
c: – 43 , – 1
8 ) or (–0.75, –0.125)
2-83. Move it up 0.125 units: y = 2x 2 + 3x + 1.125
2-84. a: 2 6 b: 3 2 c: 2 3 d: 5 3
2-85. a: Years; 0.89; 12250; 12250(0.89) x b: Months; 1.005; 1000; 1000(1.005)x
2-86. a: 32 b: x 2 y 2 x c: x2
y
2-87. c + m = 18 and $4.89c + $5.43m = $92.07

10.5 lbs. of Colombian and 7.5 lbs. of Mocha Java.

2-88. a: 15 ft
b: Surface area of concrete: 793.14 sq. ft.; 528.76 cu. ft.; $1,263.74
2-89. a: See graph at right. b: y = 3x +2 c: 2, 5, 8, 11 y

d: One is continuous and one is discrete. They have
the same slope so the “lines” are parallel, but they
have different intercepts. x
2-90. a: 4.116 !1012 b: y = 1.665(1012 )(1.0317)t

c: Answers will vary.
y
2-91. a: 6 x + 3 y b: 32 c: 5 d: 2
3
2-92. a: 6x 3 + 8x 4 y b: x14 y 9
x
2-93. See graph at right. line of symmetry x = 4
2-94. a: 4! + 43 ! " 16.755 m 3 b: No; r, r 2 , r 3 relationship; V = 80! " 83.776 m 3

3
c: V = 43 ! r 3 + 4! r 2

2-95. a: y = 1
x+2 b: y = x 2 – 5 c: y = (x – 3)3 d: y = 2 x – 3
e: y = 3x – 6 f: y = (x + 2)3 + 3 g: y = (x + 3)2 – 6 h: y = –(x – 3)2 + 6

i: y = (x + 3)3 – 2
2-96. He should move it up 6 units or redraw the axes 6 units lower.
3 1 3
2-97. a: 18 b: 2 c: or 3 d: 11+ 6 2
3
2-98. a: (2x – 3y)(2x + 3y) b: 2x 3 (2 + x 2 )(2 ! x 2 )
c: (x 2 + 9y 2 )(x ! 3y)(x + 3y) d: 2x 3 (4 + x 4 )
!by 3 +c+7
2-99. x= a
y
2-100. a: t(n) = –6n + 26 b: t(n) = !1.5(4)n !or! ! 6(4)n!1
2-101. a: See graph at right. b: 2 x
c: –1 d: 3
–13
e: no solution f: Three because the graphs cross three times.
g: x 3 – x 2 – 2x
Selected Answers 17
2-107. a: y = (x – 2)2 + 3 b: y = (x – 2)3 + 3 c: y = –2(x + 6)2
2-108. a: D: all real numbers, R: y ≥ 3 b: D and R: all real numbers

c: D: all real numbers, R: y ≤ 0
2-109. a: compresses or stretches b: shifts up or down

c: shifts left or right d: shifts up or down
2-110. a: y = 0.4 ! 0.5 x b: y = 8 ! 2 x
3x 2 y 3
2-111. a: 2
25 b: c: 54m 4 n d: y 3 5x 2 z
z4
2-112. a: See table and graph. Month Miles

1 15,000
b: He had 28,900 miles in May. 2 18,000
Miles
c: 5600 miles 3 22,900

4 25,900
d: No, he will not be able to go in
5 28,900
December, he will only have
6 8,800
24,200 miles. Month
7 11,800
8 14,800
y
2-113. a: x = ± 2 + 17 b: x = (y + 7)3 ! 5 9 19,700
10 22,700
11 25,700
12 5,600

2-114. a: (10, 48) b: ( 295 , 95 )

2-115. a: 8 3 b: 3 x c: 12 d: 108
2-116. a: g ( 12 = –4.75 ) b: g(h + 1)!=!h 2 !+!2h!!!4

a: y = 2x : (0, 0), y = – 12 x + 6 : (0, 6), (12, 0)
b: It should be a triangle with vertices (0, 0),
(12, 0), and (2.4, 4.8).
c: Domain 0 ≤ x < 12, Range 0 ≤ y ≤ 4.8 x
d: A = 1
2 (12)(4.8) = 28.8 square units
2-118. y ! 2(x " 5)2 + 2 and y ! " 12 (x " 5)2 + 2

y
2-119. See graph at right.
y = (x + 1)2 ! 81 ; x-intercepts: (–10, 0), (8, 0), x
y-intercept: (0, –80); vertex: (–1, –81)
2-120. Yes, when n = 117.
Selected Answers 19
Lesson 2.2.3
2-125. a and : Neither c: Even
2-126. a: b: c: Neither function is odd nor even.
2-127. y = ! 43 (x ! 2)2 + 3
2-128. a: x: (–1, 0), y: (0, 2), b: x: (0, 0), (2, 0), y: (0, 0),
V: (–1, 0), y = 2(x + 1)2 V: (1, 1), y = –(x – 1)2 +1
2-129. a: y = x b: ( 12 , 13 ) c: ( 12 , 13 )
d: The solution to the system is the point at which the lines intersect.
2-130. a: t(n) = 20( 14 )n !or!10( 14 )n!1 b: t(n) = !6n + 4
2-131. a: x: (2, 0), (6, 0) y: (0, 2) vertex (4, –2), D: all real numbers R: y ≥ –2
b: x: (–4, 0), (2, 0) y: (0, 2) vertex (–1, 3), D: all real numbers R: y ≤ 3

Lesson 2.2.4
2-139. y = (x + 3.5)2 ! 20.25
Loudness
b: Loudness depends on distance.
Distance
2-141. See graph at right. The domain is all positive $5.00
numbers (or d > 0). The range is all real
Cost ($)
numbers greater than 3 and that are multiples $4.00
of 0.25.
$3.00
2-143. The second graph shifts the first 5 units left and
7 units up and stretches it by a factor of 4. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Distance (miles)
2-144. a: x 2 – 1 b: 2x 3 + 4x 2 + 2x
c: x 3 ! 2x 2 ! x + 2 d: y: (0, 2), x: (1, 0), (–1, 0), (2, 0)
(
2-145. a: (a, b) = 2, ± 12 ) b: (a, b) = ( 12 , ± 2 )
2-146. a: y = ! 59 (x ! 3)2 + 5 b: x = ! 25
3 (y ! 5)2 + 3

y
a: y = 2x 2 ! 4x + 6
b: There is no difference, but the explanations vary.
c: y = x 2
d: y = x 2 x
2-148. a: The graph will be a circle with a center at (5, 8) and a radius of 7.
b: See graph at right.
2-149. a: –2 b: –2 c: 1 d: –1
2
e: The product of the slopes of any two perpendicular lines is –1.
2-151. a and b: (0, –144) (0, 0) and (24, 0)
2-152. (3, 2)
Selected Answers 21
Lesson 2.2.5
2-162. x < 2 , y = –(x – 2) 2 ; 2 ≤ x , y = x + 2
2-163. Any function for which f (x) = f (!x) . On a graph, the function will have the y-axis as its
line of symmetry.
2-164. y = !2 x + 3 + 4
2-165. a: (x + 2)2 + (y ! 3)2 = 4 b: (x ! 12)2 + (y + 15)2 = 81
2-166. y = (x ! 2.5)2 + 0.75 , vertex (2.5, 0.75)
2-167. He is incorrect. Answers will vary.
2-168. f (x) = x 2 + 1
2-169. ± 11, ± 9, ± 19
Lesson 3.1.1
81y 4
3-5. a: 4x 2 – 12x + 14 b:
x4
3-6. a: 3 b: 4 c: 1 d: 5 e: 2
x12 y 3
3-7. They are both correct: 64 .
3-8. a: Horizontal line through (0, 3), domain: all real numbers, range: 3
b: Vertical line through (–2, 0), domain: –2, range: all real numbers
c: (–2, 3)
3-9. m = 15, b = –3
3-10. a: (4, 8, 4 3 ), (5, 10, 5 3 )

b: The long leg is n 3 units long, and the hypotenuse is 2n units long.
3-11. a: 15, 21, 27, 33, t(n) = 6n –3

b: 27, 81, 243, 729, t(n) = 3n
3-12. a: 1 b: 3 c: 27 d: 1
5 8
Lesson 3.1.2
3-23. a: not equivalent b: equivalent c: equivalent
d: equivalent e: not equivalent f: not equivalent
3-24. a: equal if x = 0 e: equal if x = 0 or x = 1 f: equal if a = 1 or a = 0
3-25. a: Possibilities include x – 2 = 4 or 2x – 4 = 8.

b: They have the solution x = 6.
c: 3 – x = 7, x = –4
3-26. a: t (n) = –3n + 17, points along a line with y-intercept (0, 17) and slope –3;
b: t(n) = 50(0.8) n , points along a decreasing exponential curve with
y-intercept (0, 50)
3-27. a: 4 b: –30 c: 12 d: –2 14 e: x = –4, 1

3
3-28. (0, 0) and (–6, 0)
3-29. a: 2x 2 + 6x b: x 2 – 2x – 15 c: 2x 2 – 5x – 3 d: x 2 + 6x + 9
3-30. The first graph opens downward, is stretched, and has its vertex at (–1, –3).
The second is the parent graph.
3-31. a: (1, –4) b: (1, –4) c: (–2.5, –4.25)

d: Domain: !" < x < " , Range: y ≥ –4.25
7
6
y8 5
3-32. a: b: !18x 3 y + 6x 5 y 2 z
Cost ($)
x12 4
3
2
3-33. a: odd b: even c: even 1
-1-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3-34. a: $4.00 b: $4.00 -2 Hours
c: $4.00. $5.00 d: See graph above right.

e: No, it is a step function. f: The graph will shift (translate) upward by $2.00.
3-35. a: (x + 2)2 + (y ! 13)2 = 144 b: (x + 1)2 + (y + 4)2 = 1

c: (x ! 3)2 + (y + 8)2 = 16
3-36. a: 24 blocks per hr. b: 18 blocks per hr. c: 14.4 blocks per hr.
Selected Answers 23
Lesson 3.1.3
3-45. a: n = –2 b: x = –4, 1
3-46. a: equivalent b: equivalent c: equivalent

d: not equivalent e: not equivalent f: not equivalent
3-47. d: equal if a = 0 or b = 0 e: equal if x = 1 f: equal if x = 5 and y = 2
3-48. 10 = 15m + b and 106 = 63m + b; m = 2, b = –20, t (n) = 2n –20
3-49. a: t(n) = 450000 (1.03)n

b: They will make $154,762.37 or 34.39% profit.
3-50. 5xy(x + 2)(x + 5)
3-51. a: They both have the solution x = 2.

b: She divided both sides of the equation by 150 and used the Distributive Property.
3-52. a: –6, –14, –22, –30, t(n) = 18 – 8n

2 , 2 , 2 , t(n) = 50
b: 25 , 25 125 625 ( 15 )n
3-53. a: 51/2 b: 91/3 or 32/3 c: 17 x/8 d: 7x 3/4
3-54. a: x 2 + y2 = 36
b: (x ! 2)2 + (y + 3)2 = 36
c: (x ! 4)2 + (y + 5)2 = 36
3-55. 741.8!25
1800!0 = 0.4 ºF/sec
3-56. a: b: Shift the graph up $11.

100
Price ($)
50
Duration (days)

Lesson 3.2.1
3-63. odd numbers; 46th term: 91; nth term: 2n – 1
3-64. after 44 minutes
3-65. a: 1.03 b: f (n) = 10.25(1.03)n c: $13.78
3-66. (y –2)(y – 2)(y –2)
3
3-67. a: x1/5 b: x –3 c: x2 d: x –1/2
e: 1 f: 1 g: xy 3 x h: 1
xy8 m3 81x 6 y12
3-68. Yes, he can. a: x = 2 b: Divide both sides by 100.
3-69. a: 5m 2 + 9m – 2 b: –x 2 + 4x + 12
c: 25x 2 – 10xy + y 2 d: 6x 2 – 15xy + 12x
Lesson 3.2.2
3-78. a: x–4 b: 5 c: 2
3x+2 x–3
3-79. a: 1 b: none c: 2 d: 1
3-80. a: x – 2 = 4 b: For each, x = 6. c: x + 3 = 8, x = 5
3-81. a: x < 0 b: x ≤ –4
3-82. a: 3 b: 5 y
7 4
3-83. Graph shown at right.

a: y = x 3 ; The vertex has been shifted up 4 and left 2.
x
b: It would not differ.

y 15
a: Domain is all real numbers. 8
10
b: See graph at far right.
4
5
c: f(x) is a continuous function with
range y > 0 while t(n) is a discrete x x
-2 2 -2 2
series with positive integer inputs.
Selected Answers 25
Lesson 3.2.3
3-90. 2x
3(2 x–1) = 2x
6 x–3
b: x–4
x+4
x+4 2(x+2)
3-91. a: x ≠ –4 or 2, b: x ≠ –2 or 3,
x–2 (x–3)2
3-93. a: ( 13 , –2 ) b: (4, –9)
3-94. n ! 315 !=!72 million, n = 5; There were 5 bacteria at first.
3-95. The function is even. A reflection across the y-axis results in the same graph.
3-96. a: m = 6 b: x = 5.5 c: k = 4 d: x = 90
Lesson 3.2.4
3-102. a: Because if x = 4, then the denominator is zero. Since dividing by zero makes the
expression undefined, x ≠ 4.
b: a: x ≠ – 13 and x ≠ 5; b: x ≠ 3 or –3
3-103. a: 8 x+8 b: 1
(x–4)(x+2) x+2
3-104. a: all real numbers b: –5 < x < 4

c: no solution d: x = 1
3
7m–1 (4 z–1)2 x–3

3-105. a: x – 4 b: 3m+2 c: z+2 d: x–2
3-106. a: 1722 b: 1368 c: y = 1500(1.047)n+3
5(3x–1)
3-107. a: 2(4 x+1)
b: 1 c: 3 d: –m 2
3-108. See graph at right; x-intercept: (–2, 0), y-intercept: (0, –2);
there is no value for f(1), which creates a break in the graph.
3-109. a: –15 b: –4 c: 3 d: –m 2
Lesson 3.2.5
3-113. a: 2 b: x–7 c: x–2 d: 1

3x+1 x–3 2 x+12 x+2
3-114. a: 1 b: 4 c: 2 d: 5
3-115. a: x = 3 b: 0 ≤ x ≤ 6 c: x = 1 or 5 d: x < 2 or x > 4
3-116. Domain: all real numbers; Range y ≥ 0; g(–5) = 8

g(a + 1) = 2a 2 + 16a + 32 , x = 1 or x = 7, x = –3
3-117. x = –3 or –11
3-118. a: 1 b: 3 c: 2
3-119. (–3, 8) and (1, –12)
3-120. a: x+1 b: x+6 c: 1 d: – 1

x 2 !4 2(x+2)2 x 2
3-121. x = 62
3-122. a: y = – 1
2 x + 12 b: y = 2
3 x – 15
3-123. The width is 1.5 meters, and the outer dimensions are 8 m by 5 m.
3-124. 80x + 0.5 = 100x, so x = 1

40 of an hour or 1.5 minutes.
3-125. 6
7
3-126. a: (5x –1)(5x +1) b: 5x(x + 5)(x ! 5)

c: (x +9)(x –8) d: x(x –6)(x +3)
Selected Answers 27
Lesson 4.1.1
y
4-7. See graph at right. x = 0 and x = 4
4-8. a: x = 5 or x = –3 b: m = 35
x
c: no solution d: x = 7
4-9. a: y = 0 b: x = 0
y
4-10. a: Combining the equations leads to an impossible result,
so there is no solution.
x
c: There can be no intersection because the lines are parallel.
When assuming there is an intersection, students will find that their work results in a
false statement.
4-11. This is a scalene triangle, because the sides have lengths 29 , 17 and 20 .
4-12. a: 63 b: 0 c: n 3 – 1 d: Neither; answers will vary.
(x!2)(x+6)
4-13. a: (x+4)(2 x+3)
b: 2 x+1
x!5 c: 9m+27
m+3 =9 d: n+3
n–1
4-14. a: 0–2 times b: 0–4 times c: 0–4 times d: 0–4 times

Lesson 4.1.2
4-22. Answers will vary. y
4-23. See graph at right. x = 3 and x = 6

x
4-24. a: x = 15 b: x = 7
3 or x = –5
4-25. The lines intersect at the point (2, 6).

Ted will solve the system algebraically by setting 18x – 30 = –22x + 50.
4-26. a = 18.5, b = 5.5
4-27. x = 13, x = 5 is extraneous
4-28. x = 36 b: x = 20 2 or x ≈ 28.28
y
4-29. See graph at right. x = 1 and x = 3; No.
5
4-30. a: 1
2 (x ! 2)3 + 1 = 2x 2 ! 6x ! 3 , x = 0 or x = 4
b: x = 6 is also a solution. 5 x
c: 1
2 (x ! 2)3 + 1 = 0 , x ≈ 0.74
d: Domain and range of f(x): all real numbers, domain of g(x): all real numbers,
range of g(x): y ≥ –7.5
4-31. a: x = –3 b: x = 1 or x = 3 c: x = –8 or x = 13 d: x = 1.2
4-32. a: y = 5 x–4 b: m2 = Fr 2
3 Gm1
c: m = 2E d: y = ± 10 ! (x ! 4)2 + 1
v2
y
4-33. (a + b)2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2 , substitute numbers, etc.
x
4-34. a: See graph at top right.
b: See graph at bottom right.
c: Graph (b) is similar to graph (a), but is rotated y
90º clockwise.
d: (a) D: all real numbers, R: y ≥ 0; (b) D: x ≥ 0, R: all real numbers x
4-35. a: 21.00 b: 117.58
Selected Answers 29
Lesson 4.1.3
4-40. a: (–2, –11); The lines intersect at one point.
b: infinite solutions; The equations are equivalent.
c: (2, 45), and(–1, 3); The line and parabola intersect twice.
d: (3, 6); The line is tangent to the parabola.
4-41. a: y = 3 or y = –5 b: x = – 99
4 c: y = 1 d: x = –13
4-42. a: E t(n) = !2 + 3n ; R t(0) = !2,!t(n + 1) = t(n) + 3

b: E t(n) = 6( 12 )n ; R t(0) = 6,!t(n + 1) = 12 t(n)
c: t(n) = 10 – 7 d: t(n) = 5(1.2)n e: t(n) = 1620
4-43. 19.79 feet
4-44. a: m = – 65 , b = (0, –7) b: m = 23 , b = (0, –5) c: m = 2, b = (0, –12)
4-45. a: not a function D: –3 ≤ x ≤ 3 R: –3 ≤ x ≤ 3

b: a function D: –2 ≤ x ≤ 3 R: –2 ≤ x ≤ 2
4-46. (–7, 11)
Lesson 4.1.4
4-51. 4c + 5p = 32, c + 8p = 35, cylinders weigh 3 oz. and prisms weigh 4 oz.
4-52. Yes. No. Any value of x such that –3 ≤ x ≤ 2 is a solution.
4-53. a: x = 4 b: x = 6 c: x = 6 d: x = 3
2
4-54. a: (4, –6) b: (4, –6) c: ( 23 , – 94 )

y
4-55. a: y b:
x x
y
4-56. B
4-57. a: See graph at right. b: x ≈ 0.71 x

Lesson 4.2.1
4-65. a: boundary point x = –4 b: boundary points x = 4, – 3
2
4-66. a: –4 < x < 1 b: x ≤ –4 or x ≥ 1 c: –1 < x < 4

d: x ≤ –1 or x ≥ 4 e: –1 < x < 4 f: x ≤ –1 or x ≥ 4
4-67. a: y = –3x + 8 b: y = –x – 12
4-68. a: No real solutions b: y = 7, y = 13

3 is extraneous
4-69. a: 3x 2 +x!3 b: 3x!5 c: x+4 d: m+5

2 x 3 +9 x 2 !5 x 2 x+3 4 x!3 m+4
4-70. x = !6 + 4 6 or x = –6 – 4 6
4-71. a: x(b + a) b: x(1 + a) c: a d: x–b

x+1 a

a: Rectangle; perpendicular lines or slopes.
b: (1, 4), (–3, –3), (–5, 1), (3, 0) x
4-73. a: –5 < x < 13 b: x ≥ 250 or x ≤ –70 c: 3

2 !x! 7
2
4-74. a: C = 800 + 60m b: C = 1200 + 40m c: 20 months d: 5 years
4-75. a: input x, output x

b: Replace x with c in first function machine resulting in c – 5 , then substitute this
expression for x in the second function machine, yielding 6(c!5)+8
2 = 3c ! 11 .
(3c!11)+11
Substitute this a third time in the final machine, giving 3 = c.
4-76. a: x–3 b: 2 x–1

3x–14 x+1
4-77. (1, 12) and (–5, 42)
4-78. a: y = 1
2 x–2 b: y = 2x + 2
Selected Answers 31
Lesson 4.2.2
4-83. x = –2, y = 3, z = –5; Solve the system to two equations with x and y, then substitute these
values into the third equation to find z.
4-84. a: x ≤ 4 b: x < –6 or x > 6 x

–5 0 5 –6 0 6
4-85. red = 10 cm, blue = 14 cm
4-86. The points on the line y = 2x – 2 are excluded from the solution region of y < 2x –2.
4-87. a: y = 13 x – 4 b: y = 6
5 x – 15 c: y = (x + 1) 2 + 4 d: y = x 2 + 4x
4-88. y = 0, x = 0
4-89. 2.11 feet
Lesson 4.2.3
4-92. There is no solution, so the lines are parallel.
a: A square, justifications will vary.

b: (0, –3), (4, 1), (–4, 1), (0, 5) x
c: 32 square units.
4-94. a: x < 13 b: 5! 57
4 "x" 5+ 57
4 or !0.637 " x " 3.137
13 –1 0 3
4-95. a: no real solutions b: y ≈ 4.3 and 10.7
4-96. (25, –3) y
a: x 2 + 3y = 16 and x 2 ! 2y = 31
b: The solutions to the new system are (5, –3) and (–5, –3). x
4-97. a: See graph at right; y = –2x +8

b: 63.43˚ or 116.57˚

Lesson 4.2.4
4-99. a: y = 12 (x + 3)2 ! 2 b: y = x +5 c: x = 1 or x = –5
d: (1, 6) and (–5, 0) e: x < –5 and x > 1 f: x = –1 or x = –5
g: x = –1 h: Answers will vary.
4-100. y ! 3x + 3 , y ! 0.5x " 2 , y ! "0.75x + 3
4-101. a: x ≤ 1 or x ! 7
3 b: x < 2
0 1 2 x 0 1 2 x
y
4-102. a: y b: y c:
x
x x
4-103. 60º
4-104. a: y > 3x –3 b: y < 3 c: y ! 3

2 x–3 d: y ! x 2 – 9
4-105. a: w = 0 or w –4 b: w = 0 or w = 2 c: w = 0 or w = 6
5
Lesson 5.1.1
5-8. a: y = 2(x +3) b: Yes, y = x. See graph at right. y
5-9. a: 9 b: 4 c: x ≈ 1.89
x
5-10. x = sin !1 (0.75) " 48.59° ; to check: sin(48.59! ) ! 0.75
5-11. x must equal y.
5-12. a: x = 12
5 b: x = 5
2 c: x = 8 d: x = 80
3
y
5-13. The area between an upward parabola with vertex (0, –5)
and the downward parabola with vertex (1, 7). See graph at right.
y
x
Cost (dollars)
5-14. a and b: See graph at right.

c: Possible equation: y = 10x – 5
d: For this equation, approximately $495.
x
5-15. ≈ 17.74 feet Weight (ounces)
Selected Answers 33
Lesson 5.1.2
y
5-27. a: y = 13 (x + 8) b: y = 2(x – 6) c: y = 2x – 6 x
5-28. x ≈ 0.53
5-29. a: x 2 – 5x – 14 b: 6m 2 + 11m – 7 c: x 2 – 6x + 9 d: 4y 2 – 9
y
5-30. (x + 3)2 + (y ! 5)2 = 9 . See graph at right.
5-31. a: x!3 b: 4
x(x!4) x–2
x
c: 2 d: x–1
x+1
5-32. a: f (x) ! 1.5(1.048) x

y
b: ≈ $425.04 4
5-33. See graph at right. -4 4 x

For f(x), domain: –2≤ x ≤ 5, range: –3 ≤ y ≤ 3
For f –1 (x) , domain: –3 ≤ x ≤ 3, range: –2≤ y ≤ 5 -4
5-34. a: L(x) = x 2 ! 1,!R(x) = 3(x + 2)

b: 30
c: Order does matter – show by substituting numbers; output is 224 if x = 3 for L(R(x)).
5-35. a: The system has no solution.

b: The graphs do not intersect, they are parallel lines.
5-36. If she adds nothing else to the account and it just sits there making interest, she will have
$440.13 on her eighteenth birthday.
5-37. a: x 2 – 10x – 56 b: 4m 2 + 8m – 5
c: x 2 – 81 d: 9y 2 + 12y + 4
5-38. a: (2, 0), (–1, 0) b: (–5, 0), (–3, 0)
5-39. x = 2.5

Lesson 5.1.3
5-48. 121 b: 17
5-49. a: 2x 3 + 2x 2 ! 3x ! 3 b: x 3 ! x 2 + x + 3
c: 2x 2 + 12x + 18 d: 4x 3 ! 8x 2 ! 3x + 9
5-50. a: x = – 10
7 b: x = 1
3 or x = 1
c: x = 115 d: x = 0 or x = 4
5-51. a: y = ± x ! 3 b: y = 4 ( 3 x ! 6) c: y = x 2 +6
5
5-52. (x ! 2)2 + y 2 = 20 ; circle, x 2 + y 2 = r 2 , center (2, 0) y

and radius ≈ 4.5; See graph at right.
x
5-53. 70
5-54. a: 3 b: y – 4 c: 1 d: x
3x x–2
Selected Answers 35
Lesson 5.2.1
5-60. Domain: x > 0; Range: !" < y < " ; x-intercept: (1, 0) no y-intercept;
asymptote at x = 0
5-61. a: undefined b: x ≠ 7 c: g(3) = 11 d: f (g(3)) = ! 12
5-62. a: e(x) = (x ! 1)2 ! 5 y

b: One machine undoes the other so e( f (!4)) = !4.
c: They would be reflections of each other across the line y = x.
x
d: See graph at right.

a: Domain: all real numbers, range: y > –3
b: No x
c: (0, –2), (1.585, 0)
d: Sample: y +a = 2 x , where a ≤ 0.
5-64. a: x ≈ 36.78 b: x ≈ 31.43
5-65. a: B = 0.07(0.3x) or B = 0.021x

b: S = 0.09(0.7x) or S = 0.063x
c: 0.084x = 5000; $59,523.81
5-66. a: (x + 7)(x – 7) b: 6x(x + 8)

c: (x – 9)(x + 8) d: 2x(x + 2)(x – 2) y
5-67. The region between the two parabolas, see graph at right. -5 x
-5

Lesson 5.2.2
5-73. x = 2 y , no, yes, yes; They have the same graph or give the same table of (x, y) values,
or one is just a rewritten equation of the other.
5-74. a: x = log 5 (y) b: x = 7 y c: x = log 8 (y)
d: K = log A (C) e: C = AK f: K = ( 12 )N
5-75. a: $1.90, 1.38, 0.96, 0.94, 0.90, 0.88
b: decrease
Rate
c: Smaller size. Note: Sketching a graph of rate with respect to
bag size like the one at right may help here.
Bag size (pounds)
5-76. Answers will vary. Possible answers:
a: Factor and use the Zero b: Take the square root (undo)
Product Property (rewrite), (–8, 0) and (1, 0)
c: Quadratic Formula d: Complete the square (rewrite)
5-77. x = –4
5-78. a: x = 17 3 ! 29.44 b: x = 4 2 ! 5.66 y
5-79. See graph at right. domain: x ≥ 0, range: y ≥ 0, x- and y-intercept: (0, 0),
no asymptotes, half of parabola: y = πx 2
x
5-80. a: A good sketch would be a parabola opening upwards with a locator
point at (–6, –7).
b: Shift the graph up 9 units.
c: The graph is the same except the region below the x-axis is reflected across the axis so
that the graph is entirely above the x-axis.
d: See graph at right. y
e: y = x + 7 ! 6
x
Selected Answers 37
Lesson 5.2.3
5-84. Possible answer: y = 2 x + 15 5-85. y = log 7 x
5-86. n ≈ 3.66 5-87. (x + 2)2 + (y ! 3)2 = 4r 2
5-88. $0.66
y
a: The second is just the first shifted up ten units.
b: y = km x + b
x
5-90. a: x = 10 or x = –8 b: x = 2 or x –4
c: –2 < x < 4 d: x ≥ 3 or x ≤ –13
5-91. a: x(x + 8) b: (xy + 9z)(xy – 9z)

c: 2(x +8)(x –1) d: (3x + 1)(x – 4)
5-92. a: 2 b: 1 c: x!4 d: 4 x+16

x+2 (x!2)(x!1) x(x+2)
Lesson 5.2.4
5-96. a: 12 because 12.926628408 = 10 b: Answers will vary
5-97. a: x = 25 b: x = 2 c: x = 343 d: x = 3 e: x = 3 f: x = 4
5-98. Less than one; Answers will vary.
5-99. x ≈ 17.973
5-100. a: (2x + 1)(2x – 1) b: (2x + 1)2 c: (2y + 1)(y + 2) d: (3m + 1)(m – 2)
5-101. a: –1 < x < 3 b: x ≤ 1 or x ≥ 2
5-102. No; log 3 2 < 1 and log 2 3 > 1
y y y
5-103. a: a =
bx
y x y
b: b is the xth root of a , or b = a .
x
x
Lesson 5.2.5
5-112. f (g(x)) = g( f (x)) = x ; They are inverses.
5-113. No. For f (x) = mx + b, f (a) + f (b) = ma + b + mb + b = m(a + b) + 2b and

f (a + b) = m(a + b) + b .
5-114. x ≈ 1.585
5-115. a: t(n) is arithmetic, h(n) is geometric, q(n) is neither

b: No, because h(n) is increasing much faster than the other two.
c: h(1) = q(1) = 12 and t(2) = h(2) = 36 ; continuous graphs for t(n) and q(n) intersect but
not for an integer n. h(n) is increasing much faster than q(n).
5-116. s(n) = (50 + 7n)2 ! 6(50 ! 7n) + 17 , neither, it is quadratic and there is no common
difference or multiplier.
1
5-117. a: 10 b: 10 x+m
y
5-118. See graph at right. 2
-5 5 x
5-119. (–3, 0, 5)
-2
5-120. m ≈ 2.19 y
5-121. a and b: g( f (x)) = log x or f (g(x)) = log x , 2
see graphs at right. -5 5 x
c: The log of an absolute value is very different -2
from the absolute value of a log.

d: See graph at right. Note that x = 0 is an asymptote y
1 5
5-122. 2 no matter where X is placed.
5 x
5-123. x ≈ 1.68
1 y
5-124. a: 6 x!21 b: 5+6 x c: d: 5
(x!4)(x+1) 2(x!5) x+1 x 2 !9
5-125. a: b + a b: 3d + 2c 2 c: x – 1 d: xy
x
Selected Answers 39
Lesson 6.1.1
6-8. a: Their y- and z-coordinates are zero. b: Answers will vary.
6-9. x = –2, y = 5
6-10. a: 9 b: 4N – 3, arithmetic
6-11. a: x ≈ 1.204 b: x ≈ 1.613 c: x = 6 d: x ≈ 2.004
6-12. a: 1 b: x c: 1 d: b10
25 y2 x 2 y2 a
6-13. a: x b: 6
x 2 !3x+2
6-14. a: 1
2
b: –2
c: The product of the slopes is –1, or they are negative reciprocals of each other.
6-15. Heather is correct, because a 4% decrease does not “undo” a 4% increase.

Lesson 6.1.2
6-21. a: (0, 10, 0), (0, 0, 4) b: (8, 0, 0), (0, 6, 0), (0, 0, 12)
c: (0, 0, 4), (0, 0, –4), (2, 0, 0) d: (0, 0, 6)
6-22. A line b: They do not intersect. c: They do not intersect.
6-23. a: y = !2(x + 4)2 + 2 b: y = 1

x!2 c: y = !x 3 + 3
6-24. It is not the parent. The second equation does not have a vertical asymptote, and it has a
maximum value, while y = 1x does not.
6-25. a: x = b
3
b
b: x!=! 5a b
c: x!=! 1+a
6-26. a: No, input equals output only if x ≥ 0.

b: The output is the absolute value of the input value.
c: n + 2, n 2 ! 4 , n
d: Because x2 = x .
6-27. It is the log 5 (x) graph shifted 2 units to the right.

See graph at right.
6-28. a: 254,000 people/year b: 1,574,000 people/year c: 1960 to 2010
6-29. a: –7 b: –102 c: –102 d: –132
Selected Answers 41
Lesson 6.1.3
•
z
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
6-36. Yes.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
x
•
6-37. Answers will vary. y
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
y ! "x + 4,!y # 13 x
•
6-38.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
6-39. a: x+3 b: 1
2 x!1 (x!3)
6-40. a: Most solving strategies will yield x = 8 or x = 1.

b: x = 1 does not check, so it is extraneous.
6-41. a: x = –4 or x = 5
2 b: x = –4, 2, or 3
6-42. a: Neither b: Even
6-43. x = 3, y = 1, z = 3
Lesson 6.1.4
6-51. (1, –2, 4)
6-52. a: ≈ $140,809.30 b: ≈ 24.2 years c: ≈ $164,706.25
6-53. x = 7
6-54. a: They both equal 16, but this is a special case (for example, 5 3 ! 35 ).
6-55. a: x = 6.5 b: x = –3.75 or x = 5
6-56. a: y!= 13 x + 5 b: y!= 2x + 5 c: y!=!! 12 x + 15

2 d: y = 2x
6-57. a: y = !x 2 + 4x b: y!=!5 ± x ! 3
y y
6-58. a: See graph right. 5
b: See graph far right.

x -5 5 x
6-59. 384 feet
-5

Lesson 6.1.5
6-71. x = –1, y = 3, z = 5
6-72. y = 3x 2 ! 5x + 7
6-73. a: x+3 1
b: x(x+2)
x!4
6-74. a: y + 2x b: 2b + 4a 2 c: 6x – 1 d: xy
6-75. a: x = 12 y b: y x = 17 c: 2x = log1.75 y d: 7 = log x 3y
6-76. x = 14
6-77. a: ≈ 0.0488 grams

b: Roughly between 4600 and 6700 depending on how the base is rounded.
c: Never

b: x > 0; y = x + 2 and x ! 0; y = (x + 2)3
6-79. a: 2 4 b: 2 –3 c: 21/2 d: 2 2/3
6-80. x = –1, y = 3, z = 6
6-81. y = 2x 2 ! 3x + 5
6-82. a: 24 = b a b: 7 = (2y)3x c: 5x = log 2 3y d: 6 = log 2q 4 p
6-83. a: 3 b: x!4
x+1 x 2 !3x+2
6-84. Yes, Hannah is correct; 4(x ! 3)2 ! 29 = 4x 2 ! 24x + 7 and 4(x ! 3)2 ! 2 = 4x 2 ! 24 + 34
6-85. a: y = 2(x ! 2)2 ! 1 , vertex (2, –1), axis of symmetry x = 2

b: y = 5(x ! 1)2 ! 12 , vertex (1, –12), axis of symmetry x = 1
6-86. See graph at right. y = log(x ! 6) + 3
6-87. a: 2a 2 ! 4 b: 18a 2 ! 4 c: 2a 2 + 4ab + 2b 2 ! 4

d: 2x 2 + 28x + 94 e: 50x 2 + 60x + 14 f: 10x 2 ! 17
Selected Answers 43
Lesson 6.2.1
6-95. y = 3x
6-96. In 2 = 1.04 x the variable is the exponent, but in 56 = x 8 the exponent is known so
you can take the 8th root.
6-97. x > 100, because 10 2 = 100
6-99. a: 1 b: 1 c: m ≈ 1.586 d: n = 2.587

8 x
e: Answers will vary. x = b1/a .
6-100. 21/2 = 2 and 2 !1 = 1

2
6-101. a: –3 < x < 3 b: –2 < x < 1 c: x ≤ –2 or x ≥ 1
6-102. a: Yes y
b: See graph at right, (it is not a function).
c: Not necessarily.
d: Functions that have inverse functions have no x
repeated outputs; a horizontal line can intersect
the graph in no more than one place.
e: Yes; for example, a sleeping parabola is not a function,
but its inverse is a function.
6-103. a: x = –3, y = 5, z = 10
b: There are infinitely many solutions.
c: The planes intersect in a line.

Lesson 6.2.2
6-113. a: 5.717 b: 11.228
6-114. a: x2 b: b+a
x!1 a!a 2b
log 5 7 y
6-115. log 5 2
6-116. It is the log 3 (x) graph shifted 4 units to the left. See graph at right. x
z
6-117. 16.5 months; 99.2 months
6-118. They are correct. Vertex: (2.5, –23.75), line of symmetry: x = 2.5.
6-119. a: f (x) = 4(x ! 1.5)2 ! 3 , vertex (1.5, –3), line of symmetry x = 1.5
b: g(x) = 2(x + 3.5)2 ! 20.5 , vertex (–3.5, –20.5), line of symmetry x = –3.5
6-120. a: Consider only x ≥ –2 or x ≤ –2.

b: Depending on the original domain restriction, y = x+7
3 ! 2 or y = ! x+7
3 !2.
c: x ≥ –7 and y ≥ –2 or x ≥ –7 and y ≤ –2.
6-121. a: 6 x!21 b: 5
x 2 !3x!4 x 2 !9
6-122. a: 20, 100, 500 b: n = 7

c: No, because there are no terms between the 6th term (62,500) and the 7th term
(312,500).
Selected Answers 45
Lesson 6.2.3
6-127. a: y = 40(1.5) x
b: When x = –9, or 9 days before the last day of October (October 22).
6-128. Possible answer: 4 (x+1) = 6
6-130. The graph should show a decreasing exponential function which will have an asymptote
at room temperature.
6-131. y = x 2 ! 6x + 8
(x!3)2 +1
6-132. a: x ! 1
2 and y ≥ 3 b: g(x) = 2 c: x ≥ 3 and y ! 1
2
d: x e: x (They are the same, because f and g are inverses.)
6-133. a: x ≈ 6.24 b: x = 5
6-134. a: (x ! 1)2 + y 2 = 9 b: (x + 3)2 + (y ! 4)2 = 4
6-135. a: x + 5 b: a + 5 c: x – y d: x 2 +1
x 2 !1
6-136. a: p !1 (x) = 3 ( x3 ! 6) b: k !1 (x) = 3 ( x!6

3 )
c: h !1 (x) = x+1
x!1 d: j !1 (x) = 3x!2
x = ! 2x + 3

Lesson 6.2.4
6-138. a: Decreasing by 20% means you multiply by 0.8 each time, and the presence of a
multiplier implies exponential.
b: y = 23500(0.8 x ) c: $9625.60
d: ≈6.12 years e: $42,926.44
6-139. a: x = 1
2 b: any number except 0 c: x = 10 23
6-140. a: x = 2.236 b: x = 4.230 c: x = 0.316

d: x = 2.021 e: x = 3.673
6-141. a: 16 b: 12 c: 12 4 = 20736 d: 54
e: No, they are not inverses (if they were, then the answers to parts (c) and (d) would
have to be 2).
6-143. c(x) = x 2 ! 5
6-144. x = 17
6-145. a: 2(x+1)
b: 3x 2 !5 x!3
x+3 (2 x+1)2
6-146. a: 30° b: 22.6°
6-147. y!!!" 3
4 x + 3, y!#!" 3
4 x " 3, x!!!3,!x!#!"3
Selected Answers 47
Lesson 7.1.1
7-3. a: The shape would be stretched vertically. In other words, there would be a larger
distance between the lowest and highest points of each cycle.
b: Each cycle would be longer horizontally. Fewer cycles would fit on a page of the
same length.
y
7-4. See graph at right. domain: x ≠ 3, range: y ≠ 0,
asymptotes at x = 3 and y = 0 f !1 (x) = 2x + 3
x
7-5. a: 27.04 feet b: 176.88 cm c: 28.94 meters
7-6. 30 ! 60 :! 12 ,! 2
3
; 45 ! 45 :! 1 ,! 1
2 2
7-7. y = 6x ! x 2
7-8. x = 5, x ≈ 19.69 does not check.

y
7-9. (
a: x + 25 )2 + 43 , vertex ( ! 52 , 43 ) b: (0, 7)
c: (–5, 7); See graph at right.

x
7-10. No x-intercepts, y-intercept: (0, 88)
y
7-11. (x ! 1)2 + y2 = 30 ; See graph at right,
center: (1, 0), intercepts: (± 30 + 1, 0) and (0, ± 29 )
x

7-15. a: 30 – 60: hypotenuse: 2, leg: 3 ; isosceles: hypotenuse: 2 , leg: 1 60°

b: See diagram at right.
7-16. ≈ 17.46 ° 60° 60°
7-17. x = 2 , ! 52 , y = –10
7-18. a: 0 b: 3 c: 4 d: 64
7-19. y : 3; 4; 5; undefined; 7; 8 y
a: See graph at right. It is linear. The data does not all
connect because f (1) is undefined.
b: y = x + 5, f (0.9) = 5.9, f (1.1) = 6.1, no asymptote.
c: The complete graph is the line y = x +5 with a hole at (1, 6). x
7-20. a: An exponential function b: y = 60000 + 12000(0.93)t
7-21. If he drives down the center of the road, the height of the tunnel at the edge of the house
is only approximately 23.56 feet. The house will not fit.
7-22. a: x ≈ 33.752 b: x ≈ 9.663
7-23. x = 18, y = 13, z = 9
Selected Answers 49
7-24. !" < x < "
7-25. ≈ 40.5º or 139.5º

y
7-26. She should have subtracted 3!16 = 48 to
account for the factor of three. The vertex is (4, 7).
x
7-27. 1
7
7-28. See graph above right.

y y y
7-29. a: b: c: d: y
x x x
7-30. x= 3
2 or ! 14 , y = –3
W-1(x)
7-31. a: See graph at right. 1
b: No; when the points are interchanged, the

–1 1 x
input x = 0 has two outputs. –1
7-32. R + B + G = 40,!R = B + 5,!R = 2G ; 18 red, 13 blue and 9 green

Lesson 7.1.3
y
1
(c) (c) (c) (c)
7-37. (a): Above ground just past the highest point. (a)
90 270 450 630 x
(b): Just below ground.
-1 (b) (b)
(c): Back to the starting point. A
See diagram at right.
B C
7-38. ≈ 82.4 feet
7-39. a: log 6 = log 3 + log 2 ! 0.7781 b: log 15 = log 3 + log 5 ! 1.1761

c: log 9 = 2 log 3 ! 0.9542 d: log 50 = 2 log 5 + log 2 ! 1.6990
!3± 6
7-40. x= 3 ,y=1
y
7-41. y = 3(x + 1)2 ! 2 ; See graph at right.
7-42. x ≤ –5 x
7-43. No real solution.
7-44. C + W + P = 40 , W = C ! 5 , C = 2P ; 18 from California, 13 from Washington, and

9 from Pennsylvania
Selected Answers 51
7-53. ( 15
4 , 14 )
7-54. P: (cos 50º , sin 50º ) or (~0.643, ~0.766); Q: (cos110º , sin 110º ) or (~ –0.342, ~0.940)
7-55. a: 300 ° b: 1
2 ,! 2
3
c: ( 1
2 ,!! 2
3
)
y
7-56. a: 30 ° b: 60 ° c: 67 ° d: 23 °
7-57. x = 11
5
x
7-58. a: downward parabola, vertex (2, 3), see graph above right.
y
b: cubic, point of inflection (1, 3), see graph below right.
7-59. Solving graphically: x ≈ –3.2 x
7-60. a: y = 25d + 0.50m and y = 0.03(2)m!1

b: R vs. T: $55 vs. $15.36, $60 vs. $15,728.64, $100 vs. ~ $1.901! 10 28
7-61. All of these problems could be solved using the same system of equations.

7-62. 58º, 122º, 238º, or 302º
7-63. a: An angle in the 4th quadrant. b: 270 ° or –90 °

c: An angle in the 3rd quadrant. d: Approximately 160 °
e: No, an angle with sine equal to 0.9 has cosine equal to ±0.4359, so the point (0.8, 0.9)
is not on the unit circle.
7-64. a: (0.3420, 0.9397) b: (cos70 ° , sin70 ° )

c: (cos 70°)2 + (sin 70°)2 = 0.1170 + 0.8830 = 1
7-65. Graph 2 is sine, while graph 1 is cosine. Answers will vary.
7-66. a: All yes.

b: Answers will vary.
c: x = (!180° + 360°n) for all integers n
7-67. y-intercept: (0, –17), x-intercepts: (!2 + 21, 0) and (!2 ! 21, 0)
7-68. a: x = –4 b: x = 5± 57
4 c: no solution
d: If a = x+2
3 , then a + 5 ≠ a. Or, solving yields x = –2, but when substituted, –2 gives a
zero denominator.
7-69. 7.07 '
7-70. Tess is correct: A sequence has no more than one output for each input. A sequence is a
function with domain limited to positive integers.
Selected Answers 53
Lesson 7.1.5
7-77. a: Same; ! and 60° are measures of the same angle.

3
b: 45º, 135º, 405º, etc.
2 3
7-78. a: 2 ≈ 0.707 b: 2 ≈ 0.866
7-79. a: Set each factor equal to zero to get x = 0, 1 , or 3.

2
3
b: Factor to get x(x – 1)(2x + 3) = 0. x = 0, 1, – 2
7-80. a: x ≈ 2.657 b: x ≈ 0.936 c: x ≈ –0.711
7-81. He should have subtracted 2 ! 94 = 9

2 to account for the factor of 2. The vertex is ( 23 , ! 52 )
.
7-82. a: y = 3(x ! 3)2 ! 1 , vertex: (3, –1), axis of symmetry x = 3
(
b: y = 3 x ! 23 )2 ! 373 , vertex: ( 23 , ! 373 ) , axis of symmetry: x = 23
7-83. a: x = 2.5121 b: x = 5 57y
a: No
b: –10 ≤ x ≤ 10, –10 ≤ y ≤ 10 x
c: 200! " 209.44 sq. units

3 y
7-85. f !1 (x) = (x ! 1)2 + 3 for x ≥ 1; See graph at right.

Lesson 7.1.6
3
7-90. a: –0.76 b: – 2
7-91. ! ,! 56!
6
y
7-92. ! ,! ,! , 23! , 34! , 56! , ! , 76! , 54! , 43! , 32! , 53! , 74! , 116! , 2!
4 3 2
7-93. See diagrams at right.

x
a: A little less than 360 ° (almost 344 ° ).
b: sin6 ≈ –0.3
7-94. a: 1 b: 1 c: undefined d: 9
2
7-95. ~4.73% annual interest
3
7-96. sin A
cos A = 10 ! "0.3145
91
100
7-97. a: f !1 (x) = x 3 +1 b: g !1 (x) = 7 x

4
7-98. a: x = 4 or x = –2 b: x ≈ 2.81
Selected Answers 55
Lesson 7.1.7
y
7-104. 420 ° 1
a: ! ± 2! n
3
b: See diagram at right.

–1 0 1 x
3
c: 2 , 12 , 3
–1
7-105. a: 0 b: 0 c: –1
d: 0.5 e: 0 f: undefined
7-106. Some may set up a proportion, others may use ! .

180
7-107. a: 210 ° b: 300 ° c: ! radians

4
d: 5! radians e: 9! radians f: 630 °
9 2
y f(x)
f-1(x)
7-109. f (x) = 2(x ! 4)2 +2 x
5
7-110. a: – 13 b: 5
12
7-111. a: a + b b: 2c c: a + 2b d: 3a + c

temperature
b: Yes, the pizza will never get below room temperature.
time

Lesson 7.2.1
7-116. a: See graph at right. y
b: y = 1+ sin x
( ) ( 32! ,!0 ) ,!( 72! ,!0 ) ,!...

c: y : (0, 1), x :! ! !2 , 0 ,! x
d: Yes, there are infinitely many, at intervals of 2 ! .
7-117. a: ! b: y = sin(x + ! )
7-118. a: This may go up and down, but the cycles are probably of differing length.
b: This may or may not be periodic.
c: This is probably approximately periodic.
( )
7-119. y = 100 sin x + !2 ! 50 or y = 100 cos x ! 50
7-120. Only one needs to be a parent, since y = sin(x + 90°) is the same as y = cos x.
7-121. a: y = 3! 6 x b: y = !2(0.5) x
7-122. a: x = ± 3
5 b: x = 4, –1 c: x = 4
3
7-123. a: – 3 b: 3
7-124. a = ! 3
3125 = !0.00096 , possible equation: y = ! 3
3125 (x ! 125)2 + 15
Selected Answers 57
Lesson 7.2.2
(
7-129. a: y = sin x ! !4 + 2 )
( )
b: y = 1.5 sin x + !2 + 0.5
( ) (
c: y = ! sin x ! !6 + 2 or y = sin x + 56! + 2 )
d: y = 3 sin ( x ! 23! ) !1 or y = !3 sin ( x + !3 ) !1
7-130. 360 ° is the period of y = cos ! , so shifting it 360 ° left lines up the cycles perfectly.
y
7-131. Graphing form: y = 2(x ! 1)2 + 3 ; vertex (1, 3);
See graph at right.
7-132. a: x = (0, 0), ( 5±3 3

2 )
,!0 and y = (0, 0)
7-133. 17.67 years x
(
7-134. a: y = !2 x + 14 )2 + 1058 , x = all real numbers, y = !" < y < 258 , Yes it is a function.
b: y = !3(x + 1)2 + 15 , domain: all real numbers, range: !" < y < 15 , Yes it is a function.
7-135. 64.16 ° , unsafe
7-136. a: 5,000,000 bytes b: ≈ 12.3 minutes

c: According to the equation, technically never, but for all practical purposes, after 23
minutes.
a: The vertex of the graph is at (6, –4) with

two rays emanating at slopes of ±1 .
x
b: See graph at right. Flip all parts of the graph
that are below the x-axis above the x-axis.
y

Lesson 7.2.3
y
7-144. a: Amplitude 3, period 4π
c: The differences are the period and x
amplitude, and therefore some of the
x-intercepts. They have the same basic shape.
7-145. 1, 2! = 1 or 2! (1) = 2!
2!
7-146. Colleen’s calculator was in radian mode, while Jolleen’s calculator was in degree mode.
Colleen’s calculation is wrong.
7-147. y = sin 2(x ! 1) is correct. To shift the graph one unit to the right, subtract 1 from x
before multiplying by anything.
7-148. They are both wrong. The equation needs to be set equal to zero before the Zero Product
Property can be applied. 2x 2 + 5x ! 3 = 4 is equivalent to (2x + 7)(x ! 1) = 0 .
x = 1 or x = ! 27
7-149. a: 3 b: 1.5 c: 2 d: 12
7-150. a: y = 20 ( 12 )x + 5 b: w = 5.078
7-151. a: Answers vary, if g(x) is linear, tangent lines only.

b: Any line y = b such that b < –8.
Selected Answers 59
Lesson 7.2.4
7-158. a: Yes b: y = cos x + !2( ) c: y = –sin x
7-159. 6 cycles, period: !

3
7-161. a: 180º b: 540º c: ! radians

6
d: 45º e: 5! radians f: 270º

4
! 2 1 2
7-162. a: 2 b: 3 c: – 2 d: 2
e: 1 f: ! 1 g: ! or 5! h: 3! ! or 7!
3 4 4 4 4
(
7-163. –1, 12 , 2 )
7-164. a: x = 0, x = – 12 , or x = 5
3
b: x = 6 or x = –1
7-165. a, b, and c: Answers will vary.
7-166. a: About $564,240 b: In 2025 c: About $36,585

8-8. See graphs and tables below. Parent functions:
a: y = x 3 b: y = x 4 c: y = x 3
x y x y x y
–2 –9 –2 9 –2 0
–1 0 –1 0 –1 3
0 1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 1 –3
2 3 2 9 2 0
y y y
x x
x
8-9. Functions in parts (a), (b), and (e) are polynomial functions; explanations vary.
8-10. Graphs will vary.

a: 0, 1, or ! b: 0. 1, or 2 c: 0, 1, 2, 3
d: 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 (1 and 3 require the parabola to be tangent to the circle.)
8-11. (–2, –1) and (3, 4)
8-12. a: adds 2; multiplies by 3; ; subtracts 1

b: f !1 (x) = ( x!3 !1
2 ) + 1 , g (x) = 3(x + 2) ! 1
2
8-13. The second graph is shifted up 5 from the first.

y
y y
8-14. a: b: c:
x x x
8-15. a: 4n– 27 b: At least 2507 times.
8-16. a: 60º, 300º b: 135º, 315º c: 60º, 120º d: 150º, 210º
Selected Answers 61
8-17. The functions in parts (a), (b), (d), (e), (h), (i), and (j) are polynomial functions.
8-18. They are not equivalent. Explanations vary. Students may substitute numbers to check.
Also, the second equation can be written y = – x + 12, which is a line, not a circle.
8-19. a: x = 2 or x = 4 b: x = 3 c: x = –2, x = 0, or x = 2
a: 2 b: x = 7, – 7
x
8-21. x = –1 ± 6
a: 2 b: At x ≈ 1.45 and x ≈ –3.45
y
8-23. x = –1 or 5
x
( )
8-24. a: y = 3x – 4 b: y = 3(x–7)
8-25. y: –21.2' ; 0'; 21.2'; 30'; 21.2'; 0'; …; –30'

a: Repeat the pattern for several cycles.
b: 30'
c: y = 30 sin x

Lesson 8.1.2
8-36. At (!3 ± 5, 0) .
8-37. At (74, 0), a double root, and at (–29, 0).
8-38. Possible Answers: a: y = x 2 + x – 6 b: y = 2x 2 + 5x – 3
8-39. a: 2 b: 5 c: 3 d: 6
8-40. Lines, parabolas (vertically oriented), and cubics are polynomial functions because they
can be written in the form y = axn. Exponentials are not polynomial functions because
“x” is the exponent. Circles are not functions and cannot be written in y = form.
8-41. a: y b: y
5
x
-5 5 x
-5
8-42. a: (x ! 2)2 + (y ! 6)2 = 4 b: (x ! 3)2 + (y ! 9)2 = 9

y
8-44. a: 30º, 150º b: 60º, 240º x

c: 30º, 330º d: 225º, 315º
Selected Answers 63
Lesson 8.1.3
8-54. Stretch factor is –2. f (x) = !2(x + 2)2 (x ! 1)
8-55. a: degree 4, a4 = 6 , a3 = –3 , a2 = 5 , a1 = 1 , a0 = 8
b: degree 3, a3 = !5 , a2 = 10 , a1 = 0 , a0 = 8 ,
c: degree 2, a2 = –1 , a1 = 1 , a0 = 0
d: degree 3, a3 = 1 , a2 = –8 , a1 = 15 , a0 = 0
e: degree 1, a1 = 1
f: degree 0, a0 = 10
8-56. Possible equation: p(x) = 2.5(x + 4)(x ! 1)(x ! 3)
8-57. a: y = 4x 2 + 5x ! 6 b: y = x 2 ! 5
8-58. There is no real solution, because a radical cannot be equal to a negative value.
8-59. a: C: (3, 7), r: 5 b: C: (0, –5), r: 4

c: x = 4 d: x = 7
log 17
8-60. a: x = log 2
b: x = 242 c: x = 4 d: x = 7
8-61. a: –3 < x < 2 b: x ≤ –1 or x ≥ 7

3
8-62. y = 2 + 4sinx

Lesson 8.2.1
8-70. a: –18 – 5i b: 1 ± 2i c: 5 + i 6
8-71. i 3 = i 2i = !1i = !i ; 1
8-72. a: –21 b: –10 + 7i c: –22 + i
8-73. Yes, substitute it into the equation to check.
8-74. x = –8
8-75. Yes; both are equivalent to x 2 – 10x + 25 .
8-76. a: 7i b: 2i!!or !i 2 c: –16 d: –27i
8-77. a: x+3
2 b: x!2 +3
8-78. a: x ≈ 2.24 b: x ≈ ± 2.25
Selected Answers 65
Lesson 8.2.2
8-87. Possible Functions:
a: f (x) = x 2 + 6x + 10 b: g(x) = x 2 ! 10x + 22
c: h(x) = x 3 + 2x 2 ! 7x ! 14 d: p(x) = x 3 + 2x 2 ! 14x ! 40
8-88. a: b 2 ! 4ac = !7 , complex b: b 2 ! 4ac = 49 , real

y
8-89. See graph at right. Area = 25 sq. units
8-90. a: Repeat 1, i, –1, –i, etc. b: 1, i, –i, 1

c: 1 d: i, –1, –i x
e: 1, i, –1, –i
8-91. a: 1 b: i c: –1
8-92. If n is a multiple of 4, the value is 1; if it is 1 more than a multiple of 4, the value is i; if it

is 2 more than a multiple of 4, the value is –1; if it 3 more than a multiple of 4, the value
is –i.
log 17
8-93. a: x = log 3
b: x = 3 17
8-94. a: 2 b: 4 c: 5 d: 3 e: 1
8-95. a: Standard form for y-intercept at (0, 400) and graphing form for vertex at (0.5, 404).
b: 400 ft; 404 ft
8-96. a: y = log x b: x = 2 c: y = log 2 (x ! 2) is one possibility.

Lesson 8.2.3
8-104. a: three real linear factors (one repeated), therefore two real (one single, one double) and
zero complex (non-real) roots
b: one linear and one quadratic factor, therefore one real and two complex (non-real)
roots
c: four linear factors, therefore four real and zero complex (non-real) roots
d: two linear and one quadratic factor, therefore two real and two complex (non-real)
roots
y y y y
8-105. a: b: c: d:
x
x
x x
y
8-106. a: (3, 0), (0, 0), and (–3, 0) b: See graph at right.
8-107. See graphs below.

( )
a: x-intercepts ! 52 , 0 , (0, 0) , and ( 27 , 0 ) , y-intercept (0, 0) x
b: x-intercepts (!3, 0) and ( 152 , 0 ) (double root), y-intercept (0, 675)

a: y b: y
x y
x
8-108. See graph at far right.
8-109. a: Platform is 11.27 meters off the ground. h = !4.9(t ! 5)2 + 133.77 ;
Therefore, the maximum height is 133.77 meters. Time when h = 0 is 10.22 sec.
b: h ! "4.9(t " 10.22)(t + 0.22) ; Factored form reveals the intercepts, or how long it took
the firework to reach the ground.)
8-110. b ≥ 20 or b ≤ –20
8-111. a: (i ! 3)2 = i 2 ! 6i + 9 = !1! 6i + 9 = 8 ! 6i

b: (2i ! 1)(3i + 1) = 6i 2 ! 3i + 2i ! 1 = !6 ! i ! 1 = !7 ! i
c: (3 ! 2i)(2i + 3) = 6i ! 4i 2 ! 6i + 9 = 4 + 9 = 13
(
8-112. ±6, 12 )
Selected Answers 67
Lesson 8.3.1
8-120. a: –7 c: (x + 7) d: (x 2 ! 2x ! 2) f: !7,!1 ± 3
8-122. Part (c), because (–2)(3)(–5) = 30 and (x)(x)(x) = x 3 not 2x 3 .
8-123. Part (b), because 5 is a factor of the last term, but 2 and 3 are not.
8-124. (x ! 5)(x 2 ! 4x ! 1) ; zeros: 5, 2 ± 5
8-125. a: (x ! 2)(5x + 3) b: ! 53 , 2 c: Explanations will vary.

d: 3 and 2 are factors of 6, while 5 is a factor of the lead coefficient.
8-126. a: See the combination histogram boxplot at right.

The five number summary (for the box plot) is
0, 2.75, 8, 15.7, 36.5. 10
b: The distribution has a right skew and an outlier at
36.5 pounds so the center is best described by the 5
median of 8.0 pounds and the spread by the IQR
of 12.95 pounds. 0 6 12 18 24 32 36 42
c: The median is better in this case because it is not
affected by skewing and outliers.
d: The IQR is better in this case because it is less affected by skewing and outliers than
the standard deviation.
e: If you remove the outlier from the data the mean drops to 8.7 pounds which is below
the profitable minimum. You could suggest running the test a few more weeks
because perhaps as people get used to the composting program they will participate
even more.
y
8-127. a: b:
8-128. a: See graph below.

b: Yes, it is a solution to the equation. x
z
x y

8-138. a: It shows that (x – 3) is a double factor and 3 is a double root.
b: p(x) = (x ! 3)2 (x 2 + 2x ! 1) ; x = 3, !1 ± 2
8-139. a: x 2 ! 6x + 25 = 0 b: x 2 ! 6x + 25 = 0 c: Answers will vary.
3+2i !4!7i
!4+7i " !4!7i = ! 29
8-140. a: 2!29i b: 2
65 65 65 i
8-141. a: 12
5 ! 15 i b: ! 13
2 + 11 i
13
8-142. See graph at right; x + 3 ! 1;! x " !3,!y " !1 y
1± 3 !i
8-143. a: See graph below left. !1,! 2
x
b: See graph below right. 2,!!1 ± 3!i
y
a: b:
y
x
8-144. (3, 4, –1)
8-145. x = 1
2
( )
8-146. a: See graph below left, locator ! "2 ,!0 , period = 2π, amplitude: 3
b: See graph below right, locator (0, 0), period: ! , amplitude: 2, inverted
2
y y
x x
Selected Answers 69
8-147. p(x) = x 3 + 5x 2 + 33x + 29
8-148. a: p(2) = 0 b: (x – 2) c: (x 2 ! 4x ! 1) d: 2, 2 ± 5
8-149. a: 8
17 + 15
17 i b: 2 + 5i
8-150. a: Regular: (361, 367, 369 373, 380 grams); Diet (349, 354, 356.5, 361, 366 grams)
b: See histograms at right. Regular
c: Regular: The mean is 369.6 grams, which falls at the middle
of the distribution on the histogram. The shape is single-
peaked and symmetric, so the mean should be a good
measure of the center. There are no outliers, so the standard 348 360 372 384
deviation of 4.34 grams could be used to describe spread.
Diet
Diet: The mean is 357.5 grams; this mean also falls at the
center of the data on the histogram. The data is double-
peaked but still fairly symmetric so the mean could be used
to represent the center. There are no outliers so the standard
deviation of 5.12 grams could be used to describe spread.
348 360 372 384
d: The regular cola cans are noticeably heavier (or had more mass) than the diet cans.
The lightest regular can is at the third quartile of the diet sample and the median of
the regular cans is heavier than the most massive diet can. The spread of each
distribution is similar and they are both reasonably symmetric but the diet cans have a
double peaked distribution.
e: Answers will vary. y
8-151. See graph at right. a: 4 b: (±4, 3) and (±3, !4) x
8-152. a: x = 4 ( 1 is extraneous) b: x = 1
4
y
8-153. a: b:
y y
c: d:
x x
8-154. a: (x ! 2)(x 2 + 6x + 13) b: x = 2, !3 ± 2i
8-155. a: x = 2! ,! 43! b: x = !6 ,! 76! c: x = 0, ! d: x = !4 ,! 74!

3
8-156. a: ! 15 ! 57 i b: 1 – 2i
8-157. At 6 years, it will be worth $23,803.11. At 7 years it will be worth $25,707.36.
8-158. a: x = 5
9 b: x = 3 c: x = 48 d: x ≈ 1.46
8-159. Students should show the substitution of the coordinates of the point into both equations
to verify.
8-160. x = 2 or x ≈ 1.1187
8-161. a: x ≈ 781.36 b: x = 6 c: x = 1, 15 d: x = 0, 1, 2
8-162. When you find the complement of the angle, the x and y values reverse.
8-163. a: !7 " !7 = i 7 "i 7 = i 2 49 = !7

b: She multiplied !7 " !7 to get 49 = 7 .
c: !7 is undefined in relation to real numbers, and is only defined as the imaginary
number 7i , so it must be written in its imaginary form before operations such as
addition or multiplication can be performed.
d: a and b must be non-negative real numbers.
8-164. a: ! b: 5! c: 7! d: 5!
3 12 6 4
Selected Answers 71
Lesson 8.3.3
8-169. (0, 0), (3, 0) , and (!0.5, 0) y
8-171. a: (x + 10 )(x ! 10 ) (
b: x ! 3+ 2 37 )( x ! 3! 37
2 ) x
c: (x + 2i)(x ! 2i) d: (x ! (1+ i))(x ! (1! i))
8-172. a: real b: complex c: complex

d: real e: real f: complex
8-173. It is not; 16 + 8 ! 32 " 40
8-174. a: x = 5 or 1 b: x = 4 or 0 c: x = 7 d: x = 1
8-175. a: 24
b: (x 3 ! 3x 2 ! 7x + 9) ÷ (x ! 5) = (x 2 + 2x + 3) with a remainder of 24.
8-176. a: y = x 2 + 1 b: y = x 2 – 2x – 1
y y
8-177. a: b:
x x

Lesson 9.1.1
9-7. a: Population: U.S. employees; the population is too large to conveniently measure so
sampling should be used.
b: Population: students in the class. A census can be taken.
c: Population: all carrots; to measure the Vitamin A in a carrot, it must be destroyed, so
even if it were possible to measure all carrots, it would not be wise. Sampling must be
used.
d: Population: the media does not generally make this population very clear. It could be
all voting adults, all adults, or all people in the state. In any case, the population is too
large, so sampling must be used.
e: Population: elevator cables; to find this, elevator cables must hold greater and greater
weight until they break. If all elevator cables were tested, there would be none left to
use in elevators. Sampling must be used.
f: Population: your friends; A census can be taken.
9-8. a: The five-number summary is (1, 19.5, 29, 40.5, 76 cups of coffee per hour).
b: The typical number of cups sold in an hour is 29 as determined by the median.
Looking at the shape of the distribution the median is a satisfactory representation of
the distribution. The distribution has a skew. There is a gap between 60 and 70 cups.
The IQR is 21 cups. Seventy-six cups of coffee in one hour is an apparent outlier.
9-9. 4
21 ! 19.05% ; if k = 0, 6, 10, 12 the quadratic is factorable.
9-10. a! 25
24
9-11. a: 30º or 150º b: 120º or 240º c: 45º or 225º

d: 35.26º, 144.74º, 215.26º, or 324.76º
9-12. f (g(x)) = g( f (x)) = x
9-13. a: 0 b: 10 0.8 = 6.310 c: 5.9
9-14. a: (x + 2 ! 3)(x + 2 + 3) = x 2 + 4x + 1
b: (x + 2 ! i)(x + 2 + i) = x 2 + 4x + 5
9-15. posts: $3, boards: $2, piers: $10
Selected Answers 73
Lesson 9.1.2
9-22. a: The question implies that the questioner holds this opinion, thus biasing results.
b: The question assumes that the respondent believes that the climate is changing and
will think that one of the given factors is important, and that it is important to slow
global climate change, biasing results.
c: The question implies that teacher salaries should be raised.
9-23. Sample questions given:

a: Are a majority of Americans in favor of replacing the Electoral College with a
popular vote?
b: Do consumers prefer the taste of the new “improved” cookie recipe?
c: What was the class average on the semester final exam?
d: What was the average for high school students taking the state math proficiency
examination last year?
Hush Puppy
9-24. a: See plots at right. Hush Puppy: min = 19.7,
Q1 = 44.5, med = 58.3, Q3 = 70.1, max = 79.5;
Quiet Down: min = 14.2, Q1 = 37.4, med = 54.85,
Q3 = 63.3, max = 102.1
b: Hush Puppy: The distribution is left skewed so its
center and spread are best described by the median
of 58.3 dB and IQR of 25.6 dB there are no apparent 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 10
outliers. Quiet Down: Has some potential outliers 8
over 100 dB or is perhaps dual-peaked. The main Quiet Down
body of data has a left skew. The center and spread
are best described by the median of 54.85 dB and IQR
of 25.9 dB.
d: The Hush Puppy looks better now because those three
high readings from the Quiet Down model are a lot 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 10
more significant. Or perhaps the Quiet Down could 8
be redesigned to eliminate those high readings.
9-25. y = 2(x + 2)2 ! 3 , (–2, –3). See graph at right. y
9-26. y = 6, z = 2
9-27. a: x = 4 b: x = 200 x
9-28. a: ! b: ! c: – 5! d: 7!
6 12 12 2
9-29. y = ! 14 (x ! 2)(x + 2)2
9-30. a: 160! , about 167.6 cubic feet b: 6 feet

3
c: It is not changing, the angle is ≈ 68.20°
Lesson 9.1.3
9-36. a: This information could be found on the web for all American League players.
It would be a census and the answer would be a parameter.
b: An experiment would need to be conducted on a sample of eggs. The findings would
be a statistic.
c: Random high school students could be surveyed, possibly from different high schools
in different parts of the country. Surveying every high school student would be almost
impossible, so this survey would be a sample and the answer would be a statistic.
9-37. a: closed b: open c: open d: closed
9-39. 2 ; k = 7, 8 are factorable.

9
9-40. blue block: 8 grams, red block: 16 grams
9-41. a: The more rabbits you have, the more new ones you get, a linear model would grow by
the same number each year. A sine function would be better if the population rises
and falls, but more data would be needed to apply this model.
b: R = 80, 000(5.4772...)t
c: ≈ 394 million
d: 1859, it seems okay that they grew to 80,000 in 7 years, if they are growing
exponentially.
e: No, since it would predict a huge number of rabbits now. The population probably
leveled off at some point or dropped drastically and rebuilt periodically.
9-42. 3
x+5
9-43. x
x+2
9-44. a: 4! b: 15! c: 100º d: 255º e: 1710º f: 11!

5 9 9
Selected Answers 75
Lesson 9.2.1
9-50. a: When asked to choose between an “m” and a “q,” most people prefer “m,” regardless
of the Cola taste.
b: The “to protect” interpretation is not part of the Bill of Rights; it will bias the results.
c: The statistics chosen for the lead-in will bias the results.
9-51. a: Only certain types of people typically respond.

b-d: Answers will vary.
e: Students should observe some clear preferences for some numbers, letters, and colors.
This would provide evidence that people cannot behave or choose randomly.
9-52. Mean: 7.6 g, mean distance-squared: 2.56+0.16+0.16+1.96+0.36

5!1 = 1.3 ,
sample standard deviation≈ 1.14 g (and not ≈ 1.02).
9-53. ( 12 , 6, –3)
9-54. x 2 + 25
9-55. 2, ±5i
9-56. ± 15
17
9-57. a: 3 + 2i b: 1 + 4i c: 5 + i d: ! 12 + 52 i
9-58. a: x = 32 b: x = 1
6

Lesson 9.2.2
9-62. a: Not likely; this samples the population of people with phone numbers listed online that
are home midday. In each of these, we could also notice that we only get responses
from those who agree to participate in our polling activities—already a very
unrepresentative sample.
b: Not likely; this samples the population of people who shop at this particular grocery
store.
c: Not likely; this samples the population of people who attend movies.
d: Not likely: this samples the population of people who go downtown at the time you are
there.
e: This sample is likely to be more representative, as it is closer to random.
9-63. Sample diagram: 30 get

classroom
SAT prep
random assignment
All Students retake

30 get the SAT. Compare
90 student
on-line average change in
volunteers
SAT prep scores between the
take SAT
groups
30 get no
additional
instruction
9-64. Children would need to be randomly assigned to treatment groups, one that gets spanked
and another where there is no spanking. After a period of years the IQ of both groups can
be tested and compared. Any variable that has the suggestion or potential to lower the IQ
of a human does not belong in a clinical experiment. Who would decide who, when, and
how the spankings would be administered? Would you spank kids randomly?
9-65. Mean: 52 g, mean distance-squared: 25+0+144+9+100

5!1 = 69.5 , sample standard deviation
≈ 8.34g (and not ≈ 7.46g).
y
9-66. one point of intersection: (2, 2) 2
9-67. See graph at right; a sphere, V = 32!

3 cubic units -2 2x
9-68. x 3 + 8 = (x + 2)(x 2 ! 2x + 4) -2
y y
9-69. a: b:
x
x
Selected Answers 77
Lesson 9.3.1
9-75. a: They will not show the people who named other stations or people saw the station
logo and knew what station the interviewer was from.
b: Surveying outside the gym does not give you a random sample.
c: No, more people drive during the day. You should look at the probability of being in
an accident.
d: About half of all power plants are below average. It does not mean that it is unsafe.
9-77. a: 32 = 9 b: 30 = 1 c: 33 + 31 = 27 + 3 = 30 d: – 9
2
9-78. a: n = 2; 1 b: n = 0, 1; 2 c: n = 3, 4, 5, 6; 4
7 7 7
9-79. – 1
5
9-80. a: x = 4 b: x = 9
9-81. ≈ 278 months or 23 years
9-82. a: y b: y
x x
9-83. a: No
b: No, no number of trials will assure there are no red ones.
c: Not possible.

Lesson 9.3.2
9-88. a: The typical number of tardy students (center) is the median, 3 students, because 50%
of the students fall below 3. The shape is single-peaked and symmetric with no gaps
or clusters. The IQR (spread) is 1 student, because Q1 is 2 and Q3 is 3. There are no
apparent outliers.
b: (0.43 + 0.13 + 0.07)(30) = 19 days
c: ≈ 30%
9-89. a: Answers will vary.

b: Yes, assuming a sufficient sample size, a controlled randomized experiment can show
cause and effect because of the random assignment of subjects to the groups.
9-90. Experiments can be very expensive, time consuming, and in some cases involving
humans or animals, unethical.
y
9-91. 6 sq. units; see graph at right.
9-92. a: f !1 (x) = 3 x + 1 ! 3 x
b: See graph below right.

y
c: Yes, each x is paired with no more than one y.
x
9-93. a: double roots at –1, 2, 5 b: Same as the previous except
y reflected over the x-axis
y
x
9-94. a: (– 4, 0), (–2, 0) and (0, –16) b: domain: all real numbers, range: y ≤ 2
( )
9-95. a: y = 14 (x + 1)2 + 83 , vertex = !1, 83 , x = –1
b: y = 14 (x + 10)2 + 16 , vertex = (–10, 16), x = –10
9-96. a: x + 3 b: (x + 3)2 + (y ! 2)2
Selected Answers 79
Lesson 9.3.3
9-103. a: 667.87 lunches; sample standard deviation is 56.17 lunches.
b: (576, 624, 665, 700.5, 785)
0.351
c: See histogram at right.
d: Since the shape is fairly symmetric, we’ll use
0.216
mean as the measure of center; the typical number
of lunches served is 668. The shape is single 0.135
peaked and fairly symmetric with no gaps or 0.108 0.108
0.081
clusters, the standard deviation is about 56
lunches, and there are no apparent outliers.
e: 10.8%
f: Use half of the 680 – 720 bin. 0.216 + 0.351 + (0.5)(0.108) ≈ 62.1%

b: 2.7333 tardy students, 1.1427
c: See graph middle right.
d: See graph middle right. 11.0%
e: See graph far right.
normalcdf(4, 10^99, 2.7333, 1.1427) = 0.1338. 0.1338(180) ≈ 24 days

b: 50 %
c: See graph at right.
normalcdf(11.5, 12.5, 12, 0.33) = 87%
p
9-106. a: log 3 (5m) b: log 6 ( m ) c: not possible d: log(10) = 1
9-107. a: 2 x 2 !2 x!7 b: ! x 2 +2 x!4 c: x+2 d: x(x 2 ! 2x + 4)

(x!3)(x+1)(x!2) x(x!2) x!5 z
z
!2± 10
9-108. a: x = ± 26 b: x = 3 2
–1
–3 y y
x x
9-109. See graphs at far right.
y
9-110. a: 1224 ! 34.99 b: (x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2
9-111. a: f !1 (x) = 13 ( x!5

2 ) + 1 = 12 (x ! 5) + 1 for x ≥ 5
2 1 2

x
Lesson 10.1.1
10-7. a: $165 b: t(n) = 50 + 5(n ! 1) c: $930
10-8. a: 4050 b: 300 + 550 + 800 + … + 4050; t(n) = 550 + 250(n ! 1)
10-9. a: t(n) = 3 + 7(n ! 1) b: t(n) = 20 ! 9(n ! 1)
10-10. –2
10-11. a: x-intercepts (2.71, 0) and (5.29, 0), y-intercept (0, 43)

b: x-intercepts (–1, 0) and (2.5, 0), y-intercept (0, –5)
10-12. a: normcdf(70, 79, 74, 5) = 0.629, About 63% would be considered average.
b: normcdf(–10^99, 66, 74, 5) = 0.055, Between 5 and 6% of would be in excellent
shape.
c: normcdf(–10^99, 66, 70, 5) – 0.0548 from part (b) = 0.157; There would be a nearly
16% increase in young women classified as being in excellent shape.
10-13. a: 233 units b: (x ! 5)2 + (y ! 2)2 units
10-14. $20.14
10-15. 34,800 people
10-16. Yes, because the sum of the diameters is 830 mm.
10-17. 235
10-18. (!6) + (!3) + 0 + 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15 + 18
10-19. It is the 55th term.
10-20. 220
10-21. a: 10 P5 = 30, 240 b: 10 ! 9 4 = 65, 610
10-22. n = ±6 2
10-23. a: 2 b: 3
4
10-24. a: It looks like an endless wave repeating the original cycle over and over again.
b: A polynomial of degree n has at most n roots, but f(x) = sin(x) has infinitely many
roots. Also, every polynomial eventually heads away from the x-axis.
Selected Answers 81
Lesson 10.1.2
10-34. a: odds: t(n) = 1+ 2(n ! 1) , evens: t(n) = 2 + 2(n ! 1)
b: odds: 5625, evens: 5700
10-35. a: t(n) = 21! 4(n ! 1)

b: 31; You can solve the equation 25 ! 4n = !99 .
c: –1209
10-36. 15 y
10-37. 6P4 = 360 x
10-38. Degree 4; Graph shown at right.
10-39. f (x) = 14 (x ! 3)(x ! 2)(x + 1)
10-40. a: f (x) = (x + 3)2 ! 2 , vertex (–3, –2) b: f (x) = (x ! 5)2 ! 25 , vertex (5, –25)
y y
10-41. For David: normcdf(122, 10^99,149,13.6) = 0.976

For Regina: normcdf(130, 10^99,145,8.2) = 0.966
For now David is relatively faster.
10-42. a: ! b: 5! "
c: ! 12 d: 5!
4 12 2

Lesson 10.1.3
10-49. a: 16,200 b: 16,040 c: 564
10-50. 11+ 22 + 33 + ...+ 99 = 495
10-51. a: Sample response: The terms decrease by two, then add seven, than decrease by two
and then add seven continually.
b: It is not arithmetic because the difference from one term to the next is not constant.
c: Find the sum of each “unzipped” series and then add these sums together.
The sum is 32,240.
10-52. a: 12 C10 = 66 b: 9 C7 = 36
10-53. Some may substitute for x, others may set x equal to 3 + i 2 and work back to the
equation, others may write the two factors and multiply to get the original equation, and
others may solve by completing the square.
10-54. The graphs of y = 2 x and y = 5 ! x intersect at only one point.
10-55. h = $2.50, m = $1.75
10-56. a: 17 b: 5
y
10-57.
x
Selected Answers 83
Lesson 10.1.4
11 n
n(7n"1)
10-62. a: ! (60 " 13k) = "198 b: ! (7k " 4) = 2
k=1 k=1
10-63. 495,550
10-64. It works for the integers from 1 through 39.
10-65. a: 7 ! 3n b: 10(0.6)n!1
10-66. 9! = 362,880
10-67. a: normalcdf(–10^99, 59, 63.8, 2.7) = 0.0377; 3.77%

b: (0.0377)(324)(half girls) = 6 girls
c: normalcdf(72,10^99, 63.8, 2.7) = 0.00119. (0.00119)(324)(half) = 0.19 girls.
We would not expect to see any girls over 6ft tall.
z
z
10-68. a: b:
x y y
x
10-69. cos( 23! ) = – 12 , cos( 43! ) = – 12 , cos( 53! ) = 1

2

10-87. a: 3 + 30 + 300 + 3,000 + 30,000 + 300,000 = 333, 333
b: Write the series 3 + 30 + ...+ 300,000 = S(6) twice. Multiply one of them by 10.
Subtract 10S(6) ! S(6) = 2,999,997 = 9S(6) . Divide by 9 to get 333,333.
n
c: ! 3"10 n = 3"10 n #3
9
n=1
10-88. a: A sequence would represent the list of the class sizes of the graduating classes as the
number of years since the school opened increased. The corresponding series would
represent the growing number of alumni.
b: t(10) = 150 ; total = 960
c: n(36 + 6n) = 36n + 6n 2
10-89. a: 15 b: –615
10-90. 210, arithmetic
10-91. a: 23 P3 = 10, 626 b: 23 C 3 = 1771 c: 1! 22 ! 22 = 484 d: 4 ! 22 ! 22 = 1848

y
10-93. a: x!2
x+2
x
b: x!3
2 x+1
c: Use the Distributive Property to factor and the multiplicative property of 1 to reduce.
f(x)
10-94. a and b: no amplitude, period = ! , LP = (0, 0).
See graph at right.
x
10-95. a: x = 125
2 b: x = ! 4
5
c: x = 0.04 d: y = 9
4
Selected Answers 85
10-96. Calculate the sums of two geometric series, the first with 25 terms, the second with 15.
Retirement at age 55: $1,093,777; at age 65: $1,115,934
10-97. $20,000 at 8% and $30,000 at 6.5%
10-98. a: 8! = 40320 b: 1! 7! = 5040 c: 1! 7! + 7!!1 = 10080
10-99. a: 272 = 4 17 units b: (x + 3)2 + (y + 5)2 units
10-100.
a: x = 5
2 b: y =10 c: x = –3, 2 d: y = 15
4
10-101.
a: (2, 8) and (4, 4) b: (3 + i,6 ! 2i) and (3 ! i,6 + 2i)
c: In system (a), the solutions are the points of intersection. In system (b), the solutions
show that they do not intersect.
10-102. tan(160°) = –0.3640 , tan(200°) = 0.3640 , tan(340°) = –0.3640
10-103.
a: x = 4 b: x = 48 c: x = 3 d: x = 6
10-104. 26 + i

Lesson 10.2.2
10-117. 500 miles
10-118. a: 7C2 = 21 b: 7C3 = 35 c: 7C4 = 35

d: Choosing three points to form a triangle is the same as choosing four points to not be
part of the triangle. Those four points form a quadrilateral, 7C3 = 4!3!
7!
= 3!4!
7!
= 7C4.
10-119. a: 10t + u ! (10u + t) = 27 b: x = –13
10-120. $1157
10-121. a, d
10-122. a: (x ! 3)(x 2 ! 2x + 5) b: 3,!1 ± 2i
10-123. 3
11
10-124. (!1+ i,!3),! (!1! i,!3)
10-125. When r ! 1 , r n increases in size as n increases, so the expression 1! r n does not get
close to 1, and being able to replace that expression with 1 is a key part of the
derivation of the formula.
10-126. 121
27
10-127. a: 45 b: 792 c: 7
!1 ± 57
10-128. a: x = –3, 4 b: x = –1.5, 3 c: x = 4
d: Never e: x = 0, –2, 4 f: x = 0
3
10-129. a: 16x 5/2 y 4 z 3 b: 31/2 x 3/2 y 8/3
10-130. a: 0, 5 seconds b: 0 ! t ! 5 c: 5 seconds d: 1 < t < 4
10-131. Yes; use the Quadratic Formula or direct substitution.
10-132. a: x = –1, 4 b: x ≤ –1 or x ≥ 4 c: –1 ≤ x ≤ 4
Selected Answers 87
10-145. x 7 + 7x 6 y + 21x 5 y 2 + 35x 4 y 3 + 35x 3 y 4 + 21x 2 y 5 + 7xy 6 + y 7
10-146. !640w 2 z 3
10-147. 5461
10-148. a: 16 b: Not possible. r > 1, and the terms keep increasing.
10-149. 4 C0 = 1, 4 C1 = 4, 4 C2 = 6, 4 C3 = 4, 4 C4 = 1
a: The number of possibilities are the elements of the 4th row of the triangle.
b: 1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1; Use the 6th row of the triangle.
10-150. a: 9 C3 = 84 b: 9 C2 = 36 c: 10 C 3 = 9 C 3 + 9 C2
d: The tenth row entry of Pascal’s Triangle is the sum of the two ninth row entries
above it and these numbers correspond to the total number of combinations when
one more choice is added y

x
10-152. a: See graph below right.
b: Answers will vary. See graph below right.
normalcdf (6.71, 13.29, 10, 2) = 0.9000
10-153. (!2,!3,!! 12 )
10-154. a: y = x 2 ! 4x + 5 = (x ! 2)2 + 1
b: (2, 1)

10-155. 42x 3
10-156. 728
10-157. 81x 4 + 108x 3 + 54x 2 + 12x + 1
10-158. a: f (x) = (x + 2)2 + 2 y b: (x + 3)2 + (y ! 4)2 = 25 y
x
x
10-159. 32.9 mm
10-160. y = !2x + 34
y
10-161. a: See graph at right. b: f !1 (x) = [2(x + 1)]2 – 4

c: x ≥ –1, y ≥ –4 d: 5 x
10-162. a: x = 7 b: x = 1.5 c: x ≈ 1.75 d: x ≈ 1.87
10-163. height
a: (0, –5), (4, 3), (8, 3) b: See graph at right.
c: y = ! 1
4 x 2 + 3x ! 5 d: 10 seconds time
e: 0 ! x ! 10 f: 0 ! x < 2
Selected Answers 89
Lesson 10.3.2
10-169. Robin: $11,887.58; Tyrell: $11,815.60, difference: $71.98
10-170. a: $10,304.56; it rounds off to the same amount.

b: $10,832,870, 680 and $10,832,775,710, a difference of $94,970
c: Maybe billionaires, or other investors of large amounts.
10-171. a: 1+ n3 + 3 + 1 b: 1+ 5n + 102 + 103 + 5 + 1

n2 n3 n n n4 n5
10-172. a: 14.7 lbs./sq. in. b: 11.96 ft/sq. in. c: About 14.86 lbs./sq. in.
10-173. a: 2 = (1.015)4t , 2 = e0.06t

b: Quarterly, 11.64 years; Continuously, 11.55 years
c: The difference is about one month, so probably not.
10-174. (!5, 0),!( 23 , 0),!(! 14 , 0)
10-175. 8x 3 ! 36x 2 + 54x ! 27
10-176. a: log 2 (5x) b: log 2 (5x 2 ) c: x = 17

d: x = ! 20
9 = 0.45 e: x = 15 f: x = 4
10-177. a: 10t + u
b: 10u + t
c: t + u = 11 and 10t + u ! (10u + t) = 27
d: 74 and 47

Lesson 11.1.1
11-5. a: preface b: biased wording c: desire to please d: fair question
11-6. a: Using the normal model here is not a good idea because the data is not symmetric,
single-peaked, and bell-shaped. A different model would represent the data better.
b: 9/48 = 19th percentile; In 19 percent of the hours over the two day period the coffee
shop was not profitable.
c: 40/48 = 83rd percentile. In 83% of the hours over the two-day period, the coffee shop
would not have been profitable. If this data represents a typical 48-hour period, now
would not be the time to expand.
11-7. If the nickel is tossed and the die rolled there are 12 equally likely outcomes. He can
make a list of each of the possible outcomes, assign one player to each outcome
(H1-Juan, H2-Rolf, … T6-Jordan), and then toss the coin and roll the die to select.
11-8. a: No, by observation, a curved regression line may be 40

better. See graph at right.
% Mold
b: Exponential growth. 20
c: m = 8.187 !1.338 d
, where m is the percentage of mold,
and d is the number of days. Hannah predicted the 5
1 2 3 4 5
mold covered 20% of a sandwich on Wednesday. Day
Hannah measured to the nearest percent.
y
11-9. a: f !1 (x) = ln x
b: f(x): domain is all real numbers, range is y > 0, y-intercept is (0, 1),
asymptote is y = 0. f–1(x): domain is x > 0, range is all real numbers, x
x-intercept is (1, 0), asymptote is x = 0. See graphs at right.
c: 2 and 3
y
d: Above log base 2 for x > 1 and below it for 0 < x < 1, below
log base 3 for x > 1 and above for 0 < x < 1. x
11-10. a: 9.00646832 for both b: 3.10628372 for both

c: It will take about 9 years to double.
d: After about three years and one month, the car
will be worth less than half of the original price. Garage?
yes no
11-11. 610 0.80 0.20
Backyard?
yes
11-12. a: 2i b: –2 + 2i 0.60 0.15
0.75
Large
no
11-13. a: 5%. See the table at right. 0.20 0.05
0.25
b: 0.60
0.80 = 75%
Selected Answers 91
Lesson 11.1.2
11-18. Answers should be close to P(sum 6 or less) = 15
36 ! 0.42 , so 0.42(7) = 2.94 or about
3 days per week.
36 ! 0.42 ,
11-19. Theoretical probabilities: P(sum 6 or less) = 15
P(sum 7 or more) = 36 ! 0.58 , so about3 days a week.
21
11-20. a: F 2%, D 16 – 2 = 14%, C 84 – 16 = 68%, B 98 – 84 = 14%, A 100 – 98 = 2%

b: F 0, D 76.5 – (2)17.4 = 41.7, C 75.5 – 17.4 = 58.1, A 76.5 – (2)17.4 = 111.3
c: The normal model is not a good idea because the distribution of scores is strongly
skewed left. Also, the minimum grade required for an A would be 111.3, which is
probably not possible.
11-21. Answers vary.
11-22. a: ( 135 , 115 ) (

b: !5, 12 )
11-23. a: 12 b: 1
2
11-24. Both equal 3 .

8
11-25. The base of the natural logs is e; e is between 2 and 3, and ln e = 1; x = e
11-26. a: 1.79175 b: 2.4849 c: 2.7726 d: –1.0986

Lesson 11.1.3
11-28. Theoretically, the series is expected to last for 5.8125 games.
11-29. Theoretically, a streak of 4 or more has probability of about 48%, a streak of five or more
about 25%, a streak of six or more 12%, and a streak of seven or more about 6%.
11-30. The survey is not random. They will get a lot more representation from adults. People
may be influenced by the responses of others. An individual may have several favorites
but only states one.
11-31. a: x = 1
4 y 2 ! 1 , parabola b: x 2 + y 2 = 49 , circle
11-32. a: 51 b: 64.77
11-33. They are equivalent and simplify to x 2 .
11-34. a: 1
12 b: 580 c: (–9, 1) d: y ! 2 = 12
1 (x ! 3)
11-35. a: ≈ 266.67 b: 37.5% c: 27% d: 135
11-36. a: See diagram at right. R B G

b: In the RR rectangle, 18 ! 18 = 324 " 22.44% .
38 38 1444
c: Add the RR, BR, and GR rectangles, R
1444 + 1444 + 1444 ! 47.37% .
324 324 36
d: Considering only the column in which the B

second spin is red (RR, BR, GR), the probability
the first spin is red (RR)
324
G
is 1444 ! 47.37% .
1444 + 1444 + 1444
324 324 36
e: They are the same.
Selected Answers 93
Lesson 11.2.1
11-41. Theoretically, there will be 7.39 streaks of three or more in 60 days.
11-42. a: 7.83%
b: 5% and 11%
c: About 7.8% ± 3% def. flashlights
11-43. Each used a convenience sample. Each sample came from a distinct population with
people who have many things in common, including attitudes and beliefs about the
subject matter of murals.
11-44. a: –344 b: –6740
11-45. a: x = 10p b: x = 3q – 2p
First Jar
11-46. y = 5, z = 3 black purple
0.60 0.40
11-47. See table at right. 0.6 ! 0.5 = 0.3 = 30% yellow
0.18 0.12
Second Jar
0.30
orange
11-48. (–1, –3) and (3, 5) 0.30 0.20
0.50
white
0.12 0.08
11-49. a: 10 log 2 ! 3 0.20
b: 20 !10 6
c: Two sounds have equivalent pressures, or one sound has a pressure of 20 micropascals.
d: 100
Lesson 11.2.2
11-52. a: 0.56 and 0.74 b: ≈ 65% ± 9%
11-53. 3% ± 0.85%. Answers vary, but should be 3% plus/minus a number smaller than 1.7%
11-54. The energy usage will change by –1.3% to 1.7%. Indiana could save up to $11.7 million,
but could end up spending $15.3 million.
11-55. a: Answers will vary. Like a tournament, the students could be paired and the coin
tossed for each pair. The “winners” are paired and the coin tossed again, repeating
until there is just one student.
b: 3 tosses. Tossing a coin 3 times has 8 equally likely outcomes: HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT,
THH, THT, TTH, TTT. Assign each student an outcome and toss the coin 3 times.
c: Yes. Use the method outlined in part b repeatedly until a baseball player is not
selected.
y
11-56. a: y = 2(x + 47 )2 ! 105
8 ,
graph shown at right, x
–5
vertex (! 47 , ! 105
8 ), –5
y
axis of symmetry x = ! 47 ;
b: y = 3(x ! 16 )2 ! 12 97 ,
3 x
graph shown at right, –3
vertex ( 16 , ! 12
97 ) ,
axis of symmetry x = 1
6
y y y
11-57. a: b:
x x x
c: For part (a), the parts above the x-axis stay the same, the parts below the x-axis are
reflected upward across the axis. For part (b), the part of the graph to the right of the
y-axis remains the same, and the part to the left of the y-axis is replaced by a reflection
of the part on the right of the axis.
11-58. a: Some may predict the amount due will be far too much for a state to pay.
b: ! 1.126 ! 1015 dollars
c: A ! $2.791"1016 , or about 2.68 !1016 dollars more.
log(3) log(8) log(12) log(b)
11-59. a: x = log(2)
b: x = log(5)
c: x = log(7)
d: x = log(a)
11-60. Both 31.5%. Neither 16.5%. See table at right. Widow’s Peak
yes no
0.70 0.30
yes
0.315
Dimples
0.45
no
0.55 0.165
Lesson 11.2.3
11-64. Upper bound: 25033 lower bound: 24587; Students should report that 90% of the time
we can expect that the copy machine will need maintenance after 24810 ± 223 copies.
The margin of error is from 24587 to 25033. 25000 copies is within the margin of error,
so the research company may support the copy machine company’s claim. They may
also state that the copy machine company is pushing the limits with a claim of “at least
25000 copies” since X = 24810 and the range with the margin of error is from 24562.5
to 25178.5.
Selected Answers 95
11-65. a: 0.12
b: A difference of zero is not within the margin of error, so it is not a plausible result. A
difference of zero means that there is no difference in the percentage of food removed
with detergent compared with the percentage of food cleaned off with plain water.
c: Yes. Because a difference of zero is not within the margin of error, a difference of
zero is not a plausible result for the population of all food cleaned. We are convinced
there is between 3.5% and 20.5% (12% ± 8.5%) more food removed with detergent
than with plain water.
11-66. a: 1/8 or 12.5%, yes

b: Her study provides no reliable evidence of her conclusion. She used a convenience
sample of only 4 people. Her question introduced bias with the preface about violence
and crime. There may also have been a desire to please the interviewer. She used a
closed question forcing romantic comedies as the only alternative to action movies.
Even if there is no real preference among moviegoers, it is plausible that 4 people will
have the same opinion between any two types of movies.
11-67. a: The number of cards on the field is 768 ! 1029 = 790, 272 cards. The probability is
1
790272 or 0.000 001 265 .
b: 790,272 cards
52 cards
= 15,198 packs of cards.
1 pack
The maximum loss is if the first player chooses a card and wins:
!$1, 000, 000 prize ! ($0.99)(15,198) cost of packs + $5 from the player
= !$1, 015, 041.02 . (If nobody plays, then the million dollars is not paid out, and the
boosters do not have the maximum possible loss.)
c: If all of the chances were purchased,
!1, 000, 000 prize ! ($0.99)(15,198) cost of packs + ($5)(790, 272) from players
= $2, 936, 313.98
d: On average half the cards would be sold before there was a winner,
!1, 000, 000 prize ! ($0.99)(15,198) cost of packs + ($5)(395,136) from players
= $960, 633.98
e: ! 223 football fields would have to be covered to give the same odds as
176,000,000
790,272
winning the state lottery!
11-68. (0, 0)
11-69. a: 5 + i b: –1 + 9i c: 26 + 7i d: –0.56 + 0.92i
11-70. a: 4 ! y ! 10 b: m > 1 or m < –2
11-71. a: x = –3 or x = 2 b: x < –3 or x > 2

Lesson 11.2.4
11-75. Yes, 20% is within the margin of error of 13% ± 10%.
11-76. a: 0.10
b: i: 25% of 40 + 15% of 40 = 16 putts went into the hole
ii: 1 to 16 will represent a putt that went into the hole; 17 to 80 will represent a putt
that missed.
c: A difference of zero means that there is no difference between the proportion of putts
that went in the hole with the new club and the proportion of putts that went in with
the old club. A difference of zero is within the margin of error, so it is a plausible
result.
d: No. A difference of zero is within the margin of error, and a difference of zero is a
plausible result for the population of all putts. We are not convinced there is a true
difference in the number of putts that go in with the new club compared to the old
club.
11-77. Yes. As little as 11.75 ounces is still within specifications.
11-78. The first process is wildly out of control; systems wildly out of control are often caused
by inexperienced operators. The second process is fully in control. The third process is
technically out of control at only one point, but the cyclical nature of the process is
disconcerting. Any explanation that is cyclical over 20 hours is acceptable.
11-79. a: y b: y
11-80. a: x = a+b
c b: x = ab + ac c: x = a, b
d: x = 0, c e: x = a+b
c f: x = 1
b!a
11-81. a: x = !26 b: x = 10 or x = 3
parents niece boyfriend
11-82. a: x = 1 b: x = ±2 1
3
1 1
6 2
parents
11-83. a: See diagram at right. 1 1 1 1
3 9 18 6
b: 1 / 1 = 0.5 niece
4 2 1 1 1 1
c: 1+1+1+1 = 25 ! 69%
6 18 36 12
9 6 6 4 36
boyfriend
1 / 25 = 6 = 1 1 1
d: 6 36 25 24% 1
2 6 12 4
Selected Answers 97
Lesson 11.3.1
11-87. This is a “Gambler’s Ruin” problem. The player with more coins always has a better
chance of winning in the long run. P(Jill) = 46 ! 67% , P(Jack) = 26 ! 33% .
11-88. a: See possible diagrams at right and answers below.

Event A
Cell A is the proportion of times the system correctly Yes No
activated the alarm.
Cell B is the proportion of times the alarm was
Detection System
Correct
correctly not activated. A B
Cell C is the proportion of times A happened and the
alarm was incorrectly not activated. Incorrect
Cell D is the proportion of times A did not happen and C D

the alarm was activated.
b: 0.03966/(0.03966 + 0.00096) = 97.6% correct
0.00096
c: Yes, it is independent because the accuracy of Event A
alarm is the same regardless of whether event A incorrect
occurs or not. 0.00004
11-89. y = 1
5 x + 27
5 correct
0.95904
Not Event A
11-90. (± 7, 3) , (0, !4)
incorrect
0.03996
11-91. a: 10 + 11i b: 13 c: 29 d: a2 + b2
11-92. a: y b: y
x x
c: y d: y
x
x
11-93. a: –35 b: 123
!1± 13
11-94. a: x = ±2 3 b: x = 2 c: x = 2
9 d: x = 6 or x ≈ 0.434 or –0.768
11-95. a: any polynomial with 5 x-intercepts; b: a polynomial graph with 3 x-intercepts and
another ‘bend’; c: no x-intercepts, could have two ‘humps’; d: 2 x-intercepts and up to
two ‘humps.’
Lesson 12.1.1
12-5. a: always b: never
c: always d: True for x = !4 + 2! n and x = 5!
4 + 2! n
12-6. a: (x ! 2)(x + 2) b: (y ! 9)(y + 9)

c: (1! x)(1+ x) d: (1! sin x)(1+ sin x)
12-7. a: ≈ 80.86 b: ≈ 24.05 c: ≈ 15.50º

trigonometric ratios, Law of Sines, Law of Cosines, Pythagorean theorem
12-8. The graphs of y = cos(2x) and y = 2 cos(x) have different amplitudes and periods.
(x!2)2
12-9. a: x ! 2, f (x) ! 2 b: f !1 (x) = 2 +2 c: x ! 2, f "1 (x) ! 2
y
12-10. a: Stretched (amplitude = 3), shifted left ! , and shifted down 4
2 x
12-11. The first process is fully in control. The second process is wildly
out of control. The third process is out of control; beginning at the
9th hour, there are 12 consecutive points above the centerline.
12-12. a: 90 b: 190 c: 35 d: 405,150
12-13. a: 12 P5 = 95, 040 b: 12 C5 = 792
12-14. Sample answers: h = !2 , 52! , " 3!

2
12-15. a: negative b: negative c: positive d: negative
12-16. a ! 25
24
12-18. 5
x+4
12-19. a: x = 9 b: x = –9
12-20. a: 3! b: 16! c: 140º d: 285º e: 1530º f: 13!

5 9 9
5 C2 i 4 C1 4 C3 5 C1i 4 C1i 3 C1
12-21. a: = 11
2 b: = 1 c: = 11
3
12 C3 12 C3 55 12 C3
d: 5 C3 + 4 C3 + 3 C3
12 C3
= 3
44
e: 5 C1i 4 C2
12 C3
= 3
22
f: 1! ( 113 + 443 ) = 2944
12-22. a: a 3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b 3 b: 8m 3 + 60m 2 + 150m + 125
Selected Answers 99
Lesson 12.1.2
12-29. a: x = !6 , 56! b: x = 5!
6 , 76! c: x = !4 , 34! d: x = 0, 2!
12-30. No, 52º and 308º have the same value for the cosine, while 128º 52º
128º
has the exact opposite cosine value. See diagram at right.
y –x x
360º – 52º
12-32. f !1 (x) = !x + 6 x
=308º
12-33. x
x+2
12-34. a: yes b: x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 ; yes c: x n + x n!1 + x n!2 +…+ x + 1
Recipient
12-35. a: See possible diagrams at right and answers below. User Not Using
Cell A is the proportion of people correctly
identified as drug users.
Correct
Cell B is the proportion correctly identified as A B
Drug Test
not drug users.
Cell C is the proportion the test failed to identify
Incorrect
as drug users but who are. C D
Cell D is the proportion identified as drug users
who are not.
This can also be modeled as a tree diagram.
b: 0.02 are actually using; 0.01 are told they are correct 0.02277
using, but are actually not.
Drug User
c: 0.00977/(0.00977 + 0.02277) ≈ 30% incorrect
0.00023
d: From part (a), about 1 out of 100 people
receiving assistance will lose their assistance correct 0.98703
because they have been falsely accused of Not Drug User
using drugs. That seems high considering that
only 2 out of 100 are actually using drugs. incorrect 0.00977
From part (b), 30% of the people identified as
using drugs will be falsely accused and unfairly
lose their money.
e: Yes, they are independent because the accuracy of the test stays the same whether or
not a person uses drugs. To test, check whether P(A)! P(B) = P(A and B) , for
example, P(drug user)! P(test correct) = P(drug user and test correct) .
12-36. a: 0.0253 b: 26 C5 c: 0.000495 d: 13 C5 e: 0.0019808

52 C5 52 C5
12-37. a: 24 b: 20
91 91

12-43. a: 30º, 50º or ! , 5! b: 120º, 140º or 2! , 43!
6 6 3
c: 45º, 225º or !4 , 54! d: ≈ 35.26º, 144.74º, 215.26º, 324.74º or 0.62, 2.19, 3.76, 6.08
12-44. a: domain: –3 ≤ x ≤ 3, range: –3 ≤ y ≤ 3, not a function

b: domain: –3 ≤ x ≤ 4, range: –2 ≤ y ≤ 4, not a function
c: domain: x ≤ 3, range: y ≤ 4, yes a function
d: domain: !" < x < " , range: y ≥ –2, yes a function
12-45. a: x = 2 b: no solution
z z
12-46. a: b:
3
–2 –2
x y
x y
Person
12-47. a: (4, 8) b: (0, –2, 3) Suspect Not Suspect
Facial ID Software
12-48. a: See possible diagrams at right and answers below. Correct
Cell A is the proportion correctly identified as A B

suspects.
Cell B is the proportion correctly identified as not Incorrect
C D
being suspects.
Cell C is the proportion the software failed to
identify but who actually are suspects.
Cell D is the proportion the software identified as correct
0.000004995
suspects who are not.
Suspect
This can also be modeled as a tree diagram.
incorrect
0.000000005
b: 0.000999995/(0.000004995 + 0.000999995)
≈ 99.5%
correct
0.99899501
Not a Suspect
12-49. 12 C5 +12 C4 +12 C3 +12 C2 +12 C1 +12 C0 = 1586
incorrect
0.000999995
12-50. 2x 4 ! 2x + !1
x!3

b: The number of defects seems to be staying at or within
control limits, but there is a cycle apparent every eight
hours. Perhaps as the inspectors work through their
shift, they get tired and catch fewer errors.
Selected Answers 101

12-52. The restrictions are needed so that the inverses will be functions. The domain of the sine
function is restricted to ! "2 # x # "2 , the domain of the cosine function is restricted to
0 ! x ! " , and the domain of the tangent function is restricted to ! "2 < x < "2 .
12-53. a: x = 7! + 2! n, 116! + 2! n b: x = !6 + 2! n, 116! + 2! n

6
c: x = 3! +!n d: x = ! n
4
12-54. a: shifted up 1 unit b: shifted left !

4
c: reflected over the x-axis d: vertically stretched by a factor of 4
12-55. a: y b: y
x x
c: g(x) = ! f (x)
12-56. a: 5 b: 3x+8 c: x 2 +2 x+3 d: sin 2 ! +cos !

6 2 x2 (x+1)(x!1) sin ! cos !
12-57. f (x) = 2(x ! 1)2 ! 1 ; domain: all real numbers; range: f (x) ! "1 ;
y
vertex: (1, –1); line of symmetry: x = 1; See graph at right.
12-58. a: x ≈ 1.356 b” x ≈ 2.112 c: x ≈ 1.792

x
12-59. a: a 4 + 4a 3b + 6a 2b 2 + 4ab 3 + b 4
b: 81m 4 ! 216m 3 + 216m 2 ! 96m + 16
12-60. a: 8 C3 + 8 C4 = 56 + 70 = 126
b: If mushrooms are a known topping, then choose the rest of the toppings from only
C + C
7 remaining toppings so 7 31267 2 = 126
56 = 4
9

Lesson 12.1.4
12-67. a: a b: c c: c d: b
c b b a
12-68. a and b: ± !6 , ± 56! , ± 7!

6 , ± 116!
12-69. The solution is equivalent to the solutions of cos(x) = 1

2 and sin(x) = 0 . 0°, 180°, 60°,
300°; or 0, ! , !3 , 53!
12-70. 9.10
12-71. 1.083, 8.3%
12-72. a: a 3 + b 3 b: x 3 ! 8 c: y 2 + 125 d: x 3 ! y 3
e: They consist only of two terms; they are sums or differences of cubes.
12-73. a: (x + y)(x 2 ! xy + y 2 ) b: (x ! 3)(x 2 + 3x + 9)

c: (2x ! y)(4x 2 + 2xy + y 2 ) d: (x + 1)(x 2 ! x + 1)
12-74. y = 10
216 (x + 6)3 ! 10
12-75. a: 3 C1i10 C3 = 360 ! 0.503 b: 11 = 1 = 0.015

13 C4 715 13 C4 65
12-76. a: c b: a c: b d: c
a b a a
12-77. The solution is equivalent to the solutions of sin(x) = ! 12 and sin(x) = 0 . 90° + 180°n,
210° + 360°n, 330° + 360°n; or !2 + ! n, 76! + 2! n, 116! + 2! n
12-78. 2x 2 + 4x ! 1
12-79. a: x 2 (x + 2y)(x 2 ! 2xy + 4y 2 ) b: (2y 2 ! 5x)(4y 2 + 10xy 2 + 25x 2 )

c: (x + y)(x ! 2xy + y )(x ! y)(x + 2xy + y )
2 2 2 2
12-80. Possible equation: y = 18 (x ! 3)3 + 3 Inverse: y = 3 8(x ! 3) + 3
12-81. y = 4(0.4) x + 5
12-82. a: 126a 5b 4 b: 1120x 4 y 4
12-83. x 2 ! 6x + 34 = 0
12-84. P(3 or 4 or 5) ≈ 0.99

Lesson 12.2.1
12-90. a: 1 b: cos(4w) c: tan(! )
12-91. ≈ 75.52°, 75.52°, and 28.96°
12-92. a: x = 30º + 360ºn or x = 150º + 360ºn b: no solution
12-93. 3x 2 ! x + 2
12-94. x 3 ! 2x 2 ! 3x + 9
12-95. 1
10!
12-96. (5 – 2)! because 3! > 2!
12-97. a: 18 b: –12 c: –1 + 7i d: –14.5 e: x = 0, –7
12-98. a: p = 44, a = 20 b: y = 20 cos ( 22! (x " 15) ) + 3

12-99. Possibilities include: sin 2 x = 1! cos2 x , sin x = ± 1! cos2 x ,
sin 2 x = (1! cos x)(1+ cos x)
12-100. ! 4
5
12-101. a: sin ! b: 1 c: cos ! d: 1

cos ! sin ! sin ! cos !
12-102. a: y ! 9 = 315
2 (x ! 2) or y = 315
2 x ! 306 b: y = 0.25(6) x
12-103. They intersect at ( 12 , 0 ) and (3, 10).

12-104. a: 1 b: 4x
2(x!1) 3x 2 +10 x+3
12-105. a: 41.41° b: 28.30°
12-106. roots: !0.4 ± 0.8i 6 ; vertex: (–0.4, 19.2); f (x) = 5(x + 0.4)2 + 19.2
12-107. a: (0.9)5 ! 0.59

b: 10(0.9)2 (0.1)3 + 5(0.9)(0.1)4 + (0.1)5 ! 0.00856

12-109. 90.21 feet or 4.71 feet
12-110. a: 2x 4 ! x 2 + 3x + 5 = (x ! 1)(2x 3 + 2x 2 + x + 4) + 9
b: x 5 ! 2x 3 + 1 = (x ! 3)(x 4 + 3x 3 + 7x 2 + 21x + 63) + 190
12-111. a: x = 3! b: x = !3 , 53! c: x = !4 , 54! d: x = 7! , 116!

2 6
12-112. a: x ≈ 69.34 b: x ≈ 5.35
12-113. a: 10 P5 = 30, 240 b: 10 i 9 4 = 65, 610
12-114. ( 53 , 45 ) y
12-115. (x + 4)2 + (y ! 6)2 = 64 ; circle, center: (–4, 6), r = 8

See graph at right.
x
12-116. a: See graph at right below.
b: The process has a lot of variability for the first 14 hours.
There are two out-of-control points (one upper and one
lower). Apparently an adjustment was made at hour 14
because the process is much less variable, but now there are
nine consecutive points above the centerline of 0.075.
Apparently another adjustment was made at hour 22, but
this apparently swung the process to the very low end.
12-117. a: 2 x+1 b: x 2 +2 x+4

3x!2 x(4 x+5)

12-118. a: (sin ! + cos ! )2 = b: tan ! + cot ! =

sin 2 ! + 2 sin ! cos ! + cos2 ! = sin ! cos !
cos ! + sin ! =
1+ 2 sin ! cos ! sin 2 ! +cos2 ! =
sin ! cos !
sin ! cos ! = csc ! sec !

1
(
c: (tan ! cos ! ) sin 2 ! + 1
sec2 ! )=
( cos )
sin ! cos ! (sin 2 ! + cos 2 ! ) =
!
(sin ! )(1) = sin !
12-119. See unit circle at right. ! = "6 , 56" , 76" , 116"
12-120. m∠B = 86.17º or 1.5 radians
12-121. The equation of the parabola is y = 18 (x ! 3)2 + 3 .

It is a function; every input has only one output.
12-122. a: x ≈ 1.839 b: x ≈ –1.839 c: x ≈ 1.839
12-123. a: The two lines intersect at (8, 17).

b: No solution; the lines are parallel.
12-124. a: There is one way to choose all five. 5!0! 5! = 1 . In order to have the formula give a
reasonable result for all situations, it is necessary to define 0! as equal to 1.

b: There is one way to choose nothing. 5!
0!5! =1
12-125. AC = 10 inches
12-126. Possible answer: f (x) = x 3 ! 5x 2 + 8x ! 6

Lesson 12.2.3
12-130. ! = sin
sin 12 ( !3 " !4 ) = 6 "4 2 ! = cos
; cos 12 ( !3 " !4 ) = 2 +4 6
12-131. a: sin ( !3 + !4 ) = 6 +4 2 b: cos ( 34! + !6 ) = cos ( 76! " !4 ) = " 6+ 2
4
12-132. sin(x + x) = sin x cos x + cos x sin x = 2 sin x cos x

cos(x + x) = cos x cos x ! sin x sin x = cos2 x ! sin 2 x
12-133. a: See graph at right. y
b: Possible answer: f (x) = ! sin x x

(
c: cos x + !
2 ) = cos x cos !
2 " sin x sin !
2 = " sin x
12-134. sin x + cos x
12-135. Divide by x – 3, then solve the resulting quadratic; x = 1 ± i.
12-136. a: 2 b: a – 2
12-137. 3 C1 4 ( ) ( 43 ) = 649 ! 0.141

1 2

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Selected Answers

1-6. See graph above right. # of Students

1-8. a: Not linear. b: The exponent. c: A parabola.

1-9. Answers will vary.

Lesson 1.1.2 (Day 1)

1-14. a: 14, –4, 3x – 1 b: f(x) = 3x – 1

1-16. a: 21, 15, (0, 15) b: –3, 3, (0, 3)

2 Core Connections Algebra 2

1-20. See graph below. Possible inputs: x –4 –2 0 1 6 x

1-22. Cube each input: f (x) = x 3

1-24. They are similar by AA.

1-25. Error in line 2: It should be –14, not +14; x = –37.

1-38. a: –7 b: 3.5 c: The x- and y-intercepts.

1-39. a: y = 3x + 24; Table and graph shown at right. x y

4 Core Connections Algebra 2

1-47. a: 2 b: 10 c: 100 d: ≈ 142.86

1-49. a: 34 ! 5.83 units b: 3

1-51. The error is in line 3. It should be: 0 = 5.4x + 23.7, x ≈ –4.39

1-52. a: x ≈ –7.37 b: x = 2.8

Lesson 1.2.1 (Day 1)

c: ≈ 24.62 d: 180 ! 13.42

1-62. a: D: x = –1, 1, 2 b: D: –1 ≤ x < 1 c: D: x ≥ –1 d: D: !" < x < "

1-63. There is an error in line 2. Both sides need to be multiplied by x: 5 = x 2 – 4x,

1-65. a: 2 b: –4 c: 1 is undefined d: Answers will vary.

1-68. a: D: –2, –1, 2 b: D: –1< x ≤ 1 c: D: x > –1 d: D: !" < x < "

1-71. a: (–1, 9) and (5, 21) b: x 2 + 17 c: x 2 – 4x – 5

Lesson 1.2.1 (Day 3)

1-73. y = ! x 2 , table and graph shown at right.

1-75. Solve x 2 + 2x + 1 = 1 ; 0 or –2.

1-76. a: (0, 6) b: (0, 2) c: (0, 0)

1-77. The second line should be 3x + 2 = 10 – 4x +4. x = 12

6 Core Connections Algebra 2

1-87. x +(x + 18) or x + y = 84 and y = x +18; 33 and 51 meters long.

e: They cross at the point (–2, 9). h(x)

1-94. 7.5 feet

1-96. a: y b: y c: y-intercept (0, 3) for both, x-intercept

x x d: (0, 3) and (2, 7), solve 2x + 3 = x 2 + 3 to

8 Core Connections Algebra 2

1-104. m = – 43 , (4, 0), (0, 3), graph shown at right

1-107. $12.00 # of People (Schools with an open campus)

10 Core Connections Algebra 2

2-5. Smallest: a: 2; b: 0; c: –3; d: none.

2-6. The negative coefficient causes parabolas to open

2-7. a: Parabola with vertex (3, 0), see graph at right.

2-10. n = 24;! 650 = 5 26

2-17. a: (0, –6)

2-21. a: 146 !!!12.1 b: 145!!!12.0 c: 50 !!!7.1 d: 5 2

2-22. Maximum profit is $25 million when n = 5 million.

2-23. a: vertex at (–3, –8), opens up, vertically stretched.

2-24. a, b and c: Answers will vary.

2-25. a: y = (x – 8)2 – 5 b: y = 10(x + 6)2 c: y = –0.6x(x + 7)2 – 2

2-26. Answers will vary.

2-28. a: x = 46.71 b: x = 8.19

2-29. About $ 365.00. b: y = 300(1.04) x

12 Core Connections Algebra 2

2-36. a: (7, !16),!y = (x ! 7)2 ! 16 b: (2, !16),!y = (x ! 2)2 ! 16

2-37. a: (2, –1)

2-38. a: 9.015 gigatons

2-50. a: f (x)!=!(x + 3)2 + 6 (–3, 6), x = –3

2-58. a: A cylinder b: 45π = 141.37 cubic units

2-59. a and b: Answers will vary. c: A circle.

2-60. (5, 14)

2-61. a: 0.625 hours or about 37.5 minutes.