CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Understanding the process by which criminal charges

are resolved is very important to the larger appreciation

of the operation of the Criminal Justice System. There

has been great deal of research focusing on jury

proceeding as one means of promoting such understanding.

In our country, the vast majority of criminal cases are

related to illegal drugs and being the most problem in

the society. Drug abuse has many ill effects on society

and teenagers, often resulting in violent crime and

behavior.

However in Plea Bargaining Network, there shall be

no plea bargaining in cases where the penalty is life

imprisonment or life imprisonment to death.

Furthermore, the Supreme Court disclosed that there

is no plea bargaining under Section 5 of Republic Act

9165 or the Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act, which

penalizes sale, administration, dispensation, delivery,

distribution, and transportation of all kinds of

dangerous drugs.

Under new framework, only those charged with

violation of Section 11 of Republic Act 9165 for

possession of illegal drugs where the quantity is less

than five grams ( in case of shabu, opium, morphine,

1
heroin, and cocaine, and less than 300 grams in case of

marijuana ) with a penalty of 12 years and one day to 20

years in prison and a fine ranging from P300,000 to

P400,000 can plea bargain to to violation of Section 12

that carries a penalty six months and one day to four

years in prison and a fine ranging from P10,000 to

P50,000.

Also the Supreme Court mandated that a drug

dependency test is required to all cases regardless of

the penalty.

" If accused admits drug use, or denies it but is

found positive after drug dependency test, he/she shall

undergo treatment rehabilitation for a period of not less

than six months," the high court said.

On the other hand, if the accused is charged with

possession of shabu, opium, morphine, heroin, and cocaine

of more the five grams but not exceeding 10 grams, or

with marijuana of 300 grams but not more than 500 grams (

Section 11 ), the accused can enter into a plea bargain

to violation of Section 11 ( less than five grams in case

of shabu, etc. and less than 300 grams of marijuana ) to

lower the penalty from 20 years to life imprisonment and

fine ranging from P400,000 to P500,000, to 12 years and

one day to 20 years prison term and fine ranging from

P300,000 to P400,000.

2
 If an accused charged with possession of equipment,

apparatus and other paraphernalia for dangerous drugs

under Section 12, he or she can plea bargain to violation

of Section 15 or use of dangerous drugs to lessen the

penalty from six months and one day to four years in

prison and the fine from P10,000 to P50,000, to six

months treatment and rehabilitation if he or she admits

drugs use or is found positive after drug use/dependency

test.

For violation of Section 14 for possession of

equipment, apparatus and other paraphernalia for

dangerous drugs during parties, social gatherings or

meeting, he or she can plea bargain to violation of

Section 15 on use of dangerous drugs to lower the penalty

from a maximum or four months in prison to six months of

treatment and rehabilitation.

In Calapan City, the PNP (Philippine National

Police) has recorded a total of 34 operations 38

offenders including killed, at-large and arrested, and 35

arrested persons for violation of Republic Act 9165 or

Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002 under Chief

Police of Calapan PLTC Efraim A. Camara.

Apparently, efforts from Local Government Unit (LGU)

and Philippine National Police (PNP) are joined to combat

3
illegal drugs in the City and later on deliver a good

quality life to those drugs violators.

Since, the researchers are Criminology students

issue regarding illegal drugs is interests to them.

They would like to take part to the Nationwide

Campaign against illegal drugs by taking courage to have

an up close with the respondents to learn important

information from them which are very significant inputs

to the study. Likewise the researchers would like to

identify the effects of Plea bargaining to arrested drug

offenders in Calapan City. The researchers also propose

Values Enhancement Program to those respondents for the

output of the study.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The process usually involves the defendant’s

pleading guilty to a lesser offense or to only one or

some of the counts of a multi-count indictment in return

for a Key LS Personnel Plea Bargaining February 2018

Issue lighter sentence than that for the graver charge.

It is encouraged because it leads to prompt and final

disposition of most criminal cases. It shortens the time

between charge and disposition and enhances whatever may

be the rehabilitative prospects of the guilty when they

4
are ultimately imprisoned. (Daan vs Sandiganbayan, March

28, 2008).

Plea bargaining is authorized under Section 2, Rule

116 of the Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure. The

stated rule provides that: “Section 2. Plea of guilty to

a lesser offense. — At arraignment, the accused, with the

consent of the offended party and the prosecutor, may be

allowed by the trial court to plead guilty to a lesser

offense which is necessarily included in the offense

charged. After arraignment but before trial, the accused

may still be allowed to plead guilty to say lesser

offense after withdrawing his plea of not guilty. No

amendment of the complaint or information is necessary.”

(sec. 4, circ. 38-98) The above-quoted rule is a

restoration of the old rule which limits a plea of guilty

to a lesser offense only when it is necessarily included

in the offense charged in the complaint or information.

As early as the pre-trial stage of the criminal

prosecution, plea bargaining is already taken into

consideration. In fact, it is one of the subjects or

purpose for the conduct of pre-trial conference. In all

criminal cases cognizable by the Sandiganbayan, Regional

Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial

Court in Cities, Municipal Trial Court and Municipal

Circuit Trial Court, the court shall after arraignment

5
and within thirty (30) days from the date the court

acquires jurisdiction over the person of the accused,

unless a shorter period is provided for in special laws

or circulars of the Supreme Court, order a pretrial

conference to consider the following: (a) plea

bargaining; (b) stipulation of facts; (c) marking for

identification of evidence of the parties; 2 3 (d) waiver

of objections to admissibility of evidence; (e)

modification of the order of trial if the accused admits

the charge but interposes a lawful defense; and (f) such

other matters as will promote a fair and expeditious

trial of the criminal and civil aspects of the case.

(secs. 2 and 3, cir. 38-98) (Section 1, Rule 118, Rules

of Court)

The following are the requirements set forth by the

Rules upon which plea bargaining may be made: a. It

should be with the consent of the offended party and the

prosecutor; b. The plea of guilt should be to a lesser

offense; and c. The lesser offense must necessarily be

included in the offense charged. (Section 2, Rule 116)

The Court ruled that the acceptance of an offer to

plead guilty to a lesser offense is not demandable by the

accused as a matter of right but is a matter that is best

addressed entirely to the sound discretion of the trial

court. (People v Villarama, GR No 99287, June 23, 1992)

6
In the same case, the Supreme Court elaborated that “In

such situation, jurisprudence has provided the trial

court and the Office of the Prosecutor with a yardstick

within which their discretion may be properly exercised.

Thus, in People v Kayanan (L-39355, May 31, 1978, 83 SCRA

437, 450), We held that the rules allow such a plea only

when the prosecution does not have sufficient evidence to

establish the guilt of the crime charged. In his

concurring opinion in People v Parohinog (GR No L-47462,

February 28, 1980, 96 SCRA 373, 377), then Justice

Antonio Barredo explained clearly and tersely the

rationale or the law: 4 5 After the prosecution had

already rested, the only basis on which the fiscal (now

prosecutor) and the court could rightfully act in

allowing the appellant to change his former plea of not

guilty to murder to guilty to the lesser crime of

homicide could be nothing more nothing less than the

evidence already in the record. The reason for this being

that Section 4 of Rule 118 (now Section 2, Rule 116)

under which a plea for a lesser offense is allowed was

not and could not have been intended aas a procedure for

compromise, much less bargaining.” Be it noted that the

rules, in the second sentence of Section 2, Rule 116,

used the word “may” signalling the exercise of discretion

upon trial court on whether to allow the accused to make

a plea.

7
 The trial court shall: 1. Issue an order which

contains the plea bargaining arrived at; 2. Proceed to

receive evidence on the civil aspect of the case; and 3.

Render and promulgate judgment of conviction, including

the civil liability or damages duly established by the

evidence.

In Estipona v Lobrigo, the Court clearly stated that

plea bargaining is a rule of procedure as contra-

distinguished from substantive rules which are within the

power of the legislative to formulate. Further, the Court

clarified that: “The Supreme Court's sole prerogative to

issue, amend, or repeal procedural rules is limited to

the preservation of substantive rights, i.e., the former

should not diminish, increase or modify the latter.

"Substantive law is that part of the law which creates,

defines and regulates rights, or which regulates the

right and duties which give rise to a cause of action;

that part of the law which courts are established to

administer; as opposed to adjective or remedial law,

which prescribes the method of enforcing rights or obtain

redress for their invasions." Fabian v. Hon. Desierto

laid down the test for determining whether a rule is

substantive or procedural in nature. It will be noted

that no definitive line can be drawn between those rules

or statutes which are procedural, hence within the scope

8
of this Court's rule-making power, and those which are

substantive. In fact, a particular rule may be procedural

in one context and substantive in another. It is admitted

that what is procedural and what is substantive is 8 9

frequently a question of great difficulty. It is not,

however, an insurmountable problem if a rational and

pragmatic approach is taken within the context of our own

procedural and jurisdictional system.” (Estipona v

Lobrigo, August 15, 2017)

By virtue of the Revised Guidelines for Continuous

Trial of Criminal Cases, plea bargaining for victimless

crimes shall only proceed if the arresting officer is

present to give consent with the conformity of the public

prosecutor. For purposes of the Investigative Directive

issued by the PNP, consent of PNP arresting officers

pertaining to plea bargaining may only be given in

victimless crimes. These crimes are those offenses where

there are no private offended party. (DIDM Investigative

Directive No 2018-20).

9
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWOK

Conceptual Model

Input Procedure Output

Demographic profile
of the arrested drug
offenders in terms
of:

1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
1.3. Civil Questionnaire
status
Interview Proposed Values
1.4. Monthly
Enhancement
Income Survey Program
1.5. Family
Background

Effects of Plea
Data Analysis
Bargaining to
arrested drug Interpretation
offenders in Calapan
City in terms of:

1.1 Physical
1.2 Emotional
1.3 Psychological
1.4 Social
aspects

Figure 1

The figure presents the conceptual framework of this

study which consists of two variables such as first is

what the demographic profile of the arrested drug

10
offenders in terms of: name, age, gender, civil status,

monthly income, and family background? Second is what are

the effects of plea bargaining to arrested drug offenders

in Calapan City in terms of: physical, emotional,

psychological, and social aspects. All indicators were

answered by the respondents using questionnaire,

interviews, and surveys.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study sought to identify the Effects of Plea

Bargaining to Arrested Drug Offenders in Calapan City.

Specifically this research sought answers to the

following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the arrested drug

offenders in terms of:

1.1. Age,

1.2. Gender,

1.3. civil status,

1.4. Monthly Income; and

1.5. Family background?

2. What are the effects of plea bargaining to arrested

drug offenders in terms of the following:

2.1. Physical,

2.2. Emotional,

2.3. Psychological; and

11
 2.4. Social Aspect?

3. What Values Enhancement Program can be proposed

based from the result of the study?

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

This assessed 112 drug offenders as respondents.

This study is limited to the respondents who are inside

the jail and rehabilitation of Calapan City for year

2018.

Moreover, this study focuses on the demographic

profile and possible effects of plea bargaining to

arrested drug offenders in Calapan City.

The weakness of the study is the inaccuracy of the

answers of the respondents to the questions due to

suspicious and fears.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study is significant to the

following:

DRUG OFFENDER. For the defendant, in plea

bargaining, the state and the court are aided in dealing

with caseloads. Also, the process decreases the

prosecutors’ work load by letting them prepare for more

serious cases by leaving effortless and petty charges in

order to settle through.

12
 CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM. The key benefit of

accepting a plea bargain agreement is that he can

alleviate the need to schedule and hold the trial on a

docket that is already overcrowded. Judges are also aware

of overcrowding in jails, so they might be receptive to

process out offenders who are unlikely to do much jail

time anyway. This means cases will be closed much

quicker, which is good for the society as the method de-

clogs court systems for more serious cases.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY. The result of this study

enable concerned and aware in this matter to give

appreciation with tactical performance for them to get

some ideas on how they can spread information to the

public about the plea bargaining on illegal drugs.

FAMILY. This study will help the family to

understand the importance of plea bargaining for the next

time they monitor other family members to avoid using

drugs.

FUTURE RESEARCHER. They will also benefit from the

result of the study because they will be provided about

the present situation of the effects of plea bargaining

on illegal drugs.

13
DEFINITION OF TERMS

For further understanding of this study, the

following terms are conceptually and operationally

defined:

Cannabis Sativa Linn (Marijuana). This refers to the

most commonly abused hallucinogen in the Philippines

because it can be grown extensively in the country.

Cocaine is the drug taken from the coca bush plant

(Exthroxylon) grown in South America.

Dangerous Drug as based on the World Health

Organization definition, it is a cluster of psychological

and cognitive phenomena of variables intensity in which

the use of psychoactive drug takes on high priority

thereby involving, among others, strong desire or a sense

of compulsion to takes the substance and difficulties in

controlling substance taking behavior in terms of its

onset, terminations or level of use.

Drugs is any substance that is either natural or

synthetic that stimulates depresses or irritates

specialize cells.

Drug Abuse is the use of drug contrary to its use.

Drug Addiction is the state of chronic or periodic

intoxication detrimental to the individual and society

and large produce by repeated drug consumption.

14
 Drug use is an act of injecting, intravenously or

intramuscularly, of consuming, either by chewing,

smoking, sniffing, eating, swallowing, drinking or

otherwise introducing into the physiological system of

the body, and of the dangerous drugs.

Heroin is a strongly physiologically addictive

narcotic that is made by acetylation of but is more

potent than morphine and that is prohibited for medical

use in the U.S. but is used illicitly for its euphoric

effects.

Laboratory Equipment is paraphernalia, apparatus,

materials or appliances when used, intended for use or

designed for use in the manufacture of any dangerous drug

and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical, such

as reaction vessel, preparative/purifying equipment,

fermenters, reparatory funnel, flask, heating mantle, gas

generator, or their substitute.

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (shabu) is a white

colorless drug with strong odor and slightly burning

taste. Stimulates and alerts the body.

Morphine is the most commonly use and best use

opiate. Effect as pain killer producing potential.

Narcotic is a drug that produces insensibility,

stupor and produces sleep due to depressant effect.

15
 Offender is the way prison inmates and lawbreakers

are often referred to in news reports or by police

officers and prison staff. You might hear terms like

"drug offenders," people arrested for crimes involving

illegal drugs, or "juvenile offenders," young people who

have broken the law. Offender comes from the verb offend,

"to sin against" in the fourteenth century, from the

Latin offendere, "to hit or strike against."

Opium refers to the coagulated juice of the opium

poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and embraces every kind,

class and character of opium, whether crude or prepared;

the ashes or refuse of the same; narcotic preparations

thereof or therefrom; morphine or any alkaloid of opium;

preparations in which opium, morphine or any alkaloid of

opium enters as an ingredient; opium poppy; opium poppy

straw; and leaves or wrappings of opium leaves, whether

prepared for use or not.

Plea Bargaining an agreement between

the prosecution and defendant, sometimes including

the judge, in which the accused agrees to plead guilty to

a lesser charge in return for more serious charges

being dropped.

16
 CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE

The law review literature contains theoretical

articles on various aspects of the plea bargaining

process. The particular focus in this section is on the

various factors that affect the decision making of the

criminal defense attorney in the plea bargain process.

Hessick and Saujani (2002) described the respective roles

of the prosecutor, defense counsel, and judge in plea

bargaining and enumerated various motivations and

influences. They argued that several factors affected the

process from the perspective of defense counsel. These

include (a) the nature of the relationship with the

prosecutor (arguing that many defense attorneys engage in

plea negotiations because of longstanding negotiating

relationships with prosecutors), (b) the enormous

caseload of public defenders (and the associated pressure

from managing a heavy caseload), (c) the limited capacity

of the judicial system to accommodate many lengthy

trials, (d) the fee structure for private attorneys

(creating financial incentives for court-appointed

defense attorneys to settle cases without going to

trial), (e) pressure from prosecutors and judges to move

cases along (including at times threats of harsher

sentences if the case goes to trial), and (f) lack of

17
confidence in the outcome at trial. Hessick and Saujani

also suggested that defense counsel considers risk of

conviction at trial, which can include the defendant’s

record, the facts of the case, the prosecutor’s

personality and willingness to go to trial, the

personality and characteristics of the judge to sentence

certain types of crimes, and the attorney’s “gut

feeling.” Finally, they cite the extra work involved in

preparing a case for trial, and the belief that most of

their defendants are guilty.

Bibas (2004) focused on the manner in which plea

bargains are struck, and argued that the conventional

model for explaining plea bargains (the shadow-of-trial

model) is too simplistic, as multiple influences affect

the decision to plea bargain. The shadow-of-trial model

was apparently first described by Robert Mnookin and

Lewis Kornhauser (1979), who argued that litigants in

civil cases bargain "in the shadow of the law." Under the

shadow-of-trial model, plea bargaining in a criminal

trial should reflect the likelihood of conviction at

trial (strength of the evidence) and the likely post-

trial sentence (expected sentence) (Bibas, 2004).

However, Bibas suggests a variety of additional

influences, including (a) pressure from the prosecutor

(who may be motivated to lighten their workload, ensure a

18
certain number of convictions, or protect a professional

reputation for trying and winning certain cases), (b)

financial incentives for defense attorneys (no monetary

incentive to try a case with a flat fee or fixed salary),

(c) reducing workload, (d) pressure from judges, (e)

limited experience of the defense attorney, (f)

continuing to foster relationships with prosecutors and

judges, (g) applicable sentencing guidelines, and (h)

bail and pre-trial detention (which can influence a

defendant to accept a plea offer if they are currently in

jail, and/or have an offer that would limit subsequent

incarceration by incorporating credit for time already

served).

In discussing how plea bargaining works as a means

of negotiation, HollanderBlumhoff (1997) noted that

defense counsel determine the best course of action in a

given case by assessing the minimum penalty if convicted

and the strength of the government’s case. She added that

if an attorney chooses plea bargaining, that attorney is

weighing additional factors such as (a) the defendant’s

record, (b) the facts of the case, (c) the prosecutor’s

personality and willingness to go to trial, (d) the

judge’s precedent in terms of prior dispositions, (e) the

wish to get trial experience, (f) fear of going to trial,

(g) and the establishment of a particular reputation.

19
Hollander-Blumhoff also noted that the role of a good

defense counsel involves understanding the defendant’s

wishes and being able to advise a course of action based

on those wishes, on the penalty if convicted, and on the

strength of the government’s case. Emmelman (1997)

collected data though direct observation and interviews

with fifteen private attorneys of a non-profit

corporation who were court-appointed as defense counsel

in criminal cases. She reported that prior to plea

bargaining, these attorneys evaluate the strength of the

evidence in three stages: (a) assessing the prosecutor’s

case (the information the prosecutor will present during

hearings); (b) developing the potential defense against

the prosecutor’s case; and (c) weighing the evidence. As

a result of this process, defenders then decide how

strong a case appears. As may be seen, there is some

agreement by legal scholars regarding the kinds of

influences that may affect the plea bargaining process.

FOREIGN STUDIES

According to the study of ( New York, 2013) stated

title “US: Forced Guilty Pleas in Drug Cases” Federal

prosecutors routinely threaten extraordinarily severe

prison sentences to coerce drug defendants into waiving

their right to trial and pleading guilty, Human Rights

Watch said in a report released today. In the rare cases

20
in which defendants insist on going to trial, prosecutors

make good on their threats. Federal drug offenders

convicted after trial receive sentences on average three

times as long as those who accept a plea bargain,

according to new statistics developed by Human Rights

Watch. In the 1980s, when Congress enacted mandatory

minimum sentencing statutes, lawmakers intended 10-year

minimum sentences for drug kingpins and five years for

mid-level traffickers. But because the laws key the

sentence to the weight and type of drug, and not the

specific role of the offender, prosecutors can levy the

same charges with the same mandatory sentence against a

courier who delivers a package of drugs and the head of a

drug organization to whom the drugs are delivered. Nearly

half – 48 percent – of federal drug defendants have low-

level functions such as street-level dealer or courier,

and half to three-quarters of them are convicted of

offenses carrying mandatory minimum sentences.

Moreover, in the study intitled” An Offer You

Can’t Refuse: How US Federal Prosecutors Forced Drug

Defendants to Plead Guilty,” details how prosecutors

throughout the United States extract guilty pleas from

federal drug defendants by charging or threatening to

charge them with offenses carrying harsh mandatory

sentences and by seeking additional mandatory increases

21
to those sentences. Prosecutors offer defendants a much

lower sentence in exchange for pleading guilty. Since

drug defendants rarely prevail at trial, it is not

surprising that 97 percent of them decide to plead

guilty.

In the 1980s, when Congress enacted mandatory

minimum sentencing statutes, lawmakers intended 10-year

minimum sentences for drug kingpins and five years for

mid-level traffickers. But because the laws key the

sentence to the weight and type of drug, and not the

specific role of the offender, prosecutors can levy the

same charges with the same mandatory sentence against a

courier who delivers a package of drugs and the head of a

drug organization to whom the drugs are delivered. Nearly

half – 48 percent – of federal drug defendants have low-

level functions such as street-level dealer or courier,

and half to three-quarters of them are convicted of

offenses carrying mandatory minimum sentences.

In addition to case reviews, the report is also

based on numerous interviews with federal prosecutors,

defense attorneys, and judges. It also includes new

statistics developed by Human Rights Watch that provide

the most recent and detailed measure of what the report

calls the “trial penalty” – the difference in sentences

for drug defendants who pled guilty compared with those

22
for defendants convicted after trial. The trial penalty

is, essentially, the price prosecutors make defendants

pay for exercising their right to trial.

LOCAL STUDIES

Lian Buan (2018) stated in her study titled "Small

time drug cases get plea bargains" Small time drug

personalities will not be able to get plea bargain deals

for a chance to significantly cut their jail times and do

their penance by rehabilitation instead.

Moreover, Christopher Lloyd Caliwan (2018)

cited in his study " Supreme Court adoption of new plea

bargaining rules for drug cases" Supreme court has

ordered all trial courts to adopt a new plea bargaining

frameworks in illegal drug cases that would allow an

accused to pleas guilty to a lesser offense for a lighter

penalty.

Lastly, Tetch Torres Tupas (2018) stated "Issues

guide to plea bargaining in drug cases"The Supreme Court

has issued on plea bargaining in illegal drug cases to

enable drug offenders to avail themselves of such

arrangement, But the high court clarified that plea

bargaining is not allowed in drug cases where the

imposable penalty is reclusion Perpetua to death

23
 With the studies gathered, the level of competency

of the drug offender in Plea Bargain is Affected

Depending if the case is imposable penalty is life

imprisonment, but Plea Bargain is allowed to the person

who was guilty to a lesser offense for a lighter penalty.

24
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methodology which includes

research design, respondents of the study, data gathering

procedure, scaling and qualification and statistical

treatment of data.

Research Design

This study utilized descriptive research design.

With this, the study focused at the present conditions.

It is also valuable in providing facts in which

scientific judgment maybe based. Meanwhile, survey,

otherwise known as normative survey is a fact finding

study with adequate and accurate interpretation. It is

being used to collect demographic data about persons’

age, gender, civil statues, family background and monthly

income and then such data are analyzed, organized and

interpreted.

The descriptive research method will be used by the

researcher to determine the Effects of Plea Bargaining to

Arrested Drug Offenders in Calapan City.

25
Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were the arrested drug

offenders in Calapan City for the year of 2018. In this

case there were 7 (6.25%) respondents from BJMP, 2

females and 5 males, 10 (8.93%) for OMPJ, 2 females and 8

males, and 95 (84.82%) from the Rehabilitation Center, 15

females and 80 males with a total of 112 (100%), 19

females and 93 males respondents. They were selected

through purposive sampling which the researchers relies

on his or her own judgment when choosing member of

population to participate on the study. It is also a

method that may prove to be effective when only limited

numbers of people can serve as primary data sources due

to the nature of research design and aims and objectives.

Table A

Distribution of the Respondents

No. of Respondents Percentage

Bureau of Jail

Management and 7 6.25%

Penology (BJMP)

Oriental Mindoro

Provincial Jail 10 8.93%

(OMPJ)

26
Rehabilitation

Center 95 84.82%

Total 112 100%

Data Gathering Procedure

In order to acquire data for the study, the

permission letter was sent to the Regional Trial Court to

have the copy of figures of the total quantity of Drug

case offenders who released by virtue of the Plea Bargain

and to conduct a quick interview to the said respondents.

Second, the purpose and direction of the study was also

explained to the respondents so that they are guided

accordingly. Lastly, the researchers collected and

tabulated the data. Analysis and interpretation of the

data followed.

Research Instrumentation

The study used a self-made questionnaire as a main

instrument in gathering the data needed in this study.

The questionnaire was composed of two questions with

indicators namely: age, gender, civil status, monthly

income, family background, physical, emotional,

psychological and social aspects. The researchers asked

follow-up questions based from the response of the

respondents.

27
Scaling and Quantification

A 4-point numerical scale was applied in the study.

The table below shows the statistical limit and verbal

description that were used in this study.

Table B

The Likert Scale

Scale Statistical Limit Verbal Description

4 3.26-4.00 Always

3 2.51-3.25 Sometimes

2 1.76-2.50 Seldom

1 1.00-1.75 Never

Statistical Treatment of Data

Data gathered were treated using the test statistics

below.

Descriptive Statistics:

1. Weighted Mean. This was used to statistically

treat all assessment responses of the respondents

on the effects of plea bargaining to arrested drug

offenders in terms of all indicators.

Where:

∑𝑓𝑥
𝑥̅ =
𝑛

𝑥̅ - mean average

28
 ∑- summation of

f- frequency

x- score

n- number of respondents

2. Frequency. This provided perspective about

occurrences of the scores and was computed by

multiplying the assessment responses with the

total number of respondents.

3. Percentage. This helped manifest a score’s

standing in relation to the total tabulation and

was used whereby the total number of responses was

divided by the total frequency and then multiplied

by 100% at standard value.

29
 CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the discussion of data

gathered through the use of questionnaire. Thus, tabular

presentation and discussion were organized based on the

statement of the problem.

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents.

The first problem of this study focused on the

demographic profile of the Arrested Drug Offenders in

Calapan City.

Table 1.1 at the bottom of this statement presents

the demographic profile of the arrested drug offenders in

Calapan City. The profile of the respondents was

tabulated and computed according to the following: age,

gender, civil status, monthly income.

It can be noted in table 1.1 that the total of the

frequency is 112 with the percentage of 100 percent.

30
 Table 1.1

Demographic Profile of the Respondents

PROFILE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

AGE

13-18 0 0

19-25 21 0.19%

26-30 34 0.30%

31-45 55 0.49%

46-50 2 0.02%

51 above 0 0

TOTAL 112 100%

GENDER

Male 93 0.83%

Female 19 0.17%

TOTAL 112 100%

CIVIL STATUS

Single 43 0.38%

Married 57 0.51%

Single with dependent/s 4 0.04%

Married with dependent/s 5 0.04%

Separated 1 0.01%

Widowed 2 0.02%

TOTAL 112 100%

MONTHLY INCOME

5,000-10,000 92 0.82%

31
10,000-20,000 13 0.11%

20,000-25,000 3 0.03%

25,000-50,000 1 0.01%

50,000 above 3 0.03%

TOTAL 112 100%

According to our study, demographics, which are

characteristics about a set of people, teach us about

patterns in society, from why people shop in a certain

store, to why people only eat in certain restaurants.

However, demographics can also tell us about crime.

Criminologists use demographics to help understand why

crime occurs in certain locations. In addition,

demographics help explain who commits crime and the

reasons why. The demographics profile such as age,

gender, civil status, monthly income can all be studied

to understand crime.

In this quest, under the age ranging 31-45 years old

from BJMP (2), OMPJ (3), and Rehabilitation (50) got the

highest frequency of 55 with the percentage of 0.49

percent, while 46-50 years old got the lowest frequency

of 2 with the percentage of 0.02 percent. This implies

that the age ranging 31-45 years old is more inclined

than the oldest.

32
 In our review the individual has hopefully developed

a stable identity, he/she moves into the adult world

seeking a partner with whom to share work, sex,

friendship, intimate feelings, failing which, she sinks

into exclusivity, elitism, isolation, or other forms of

non-intimate social relations.

On the other hand, in sex or gender, male from BJMP

(5), OMPJ (8), and Rehabilitation (80) got the highest

frequency of 93 with the percentage of 0.83 percent,

while female got the lowest frequency of 19 with the

percentage of 0.17 percent. This indicates that male is

more liable commit crimes like selling or using illegal

drugs compared to female.

In our surveys we reiterated that the female is more

focus in their family. It has been said that they are

more conscious and they are family oriented.

However, in civil status in this study, those who

are married respondents from BJMP (4), OMPJ (5), and

Rehabilitation (48) got the highest frequency of 57 with

the percentage of 0.51 percent, while those who are

separated respondents got the lowest frequency of 1 with

the percentage of 0.01 percent. This implies that the

married respondents is committed to give the basic

necessity or physiological needs of man. They tend to

find other ways for them to leave in this sinful world.

33
 At this firm we stated that married man experiencing

some difficulties they tend to find some alternative to

be able to survive.

Finally, 5,000-10,000 pesos monthly income of those

respondents from BJMP (7), OMPJ (9), and Rehabilitation

(76) got the highest frequency of 92 with the percentage

of 0.82 percent, while 20,000-25,000 pesos monthly income

of those respondents got the lowest frequency of 1 with

the percentage of 0.01 percent. This implies that most of

the respondents had enough monthly income to support only

their basic needs.

Table 1.2

Family Background of the Respondents

Items Yes Percentage No Percentage

1. Belongs to a

broken family. 35 31.25% 77 68.75%

2. Physically abuse

by parents. 21 18.75% 91 81.25%

3. Has a family

member/s who is 12 10.71% 100 89.29%

also use illegal

drugs

Table 1.2 presents the family background of the

respondents.

34
 In the opinion of the researchers, they quantify the

importance of family background and neighborhood effects

as determinants of criminal convictions and

incarceration by estimating sibling correlations. At the

extensive margin, factors common to siblings account for

24 % of the variation in criminal convictions and 39 %

of the variation in incarceration. At the intensive

margin, these factors typically account for slightly

less than half of the variation in prison sentence

length and between one third and one half of the

variation in criminal convictions, depending on crime

type and gender. Further analysis shows that parental

criminality and family structure can account for more of

the sibling crime correlation than parental income and

education or neighborhood characteristics. The lion’s

share of the sibling correlation, however, is

unaccounted for by these factors. Finally, sibling

spacing also matters—more closely spaced siblings are

more similar in their criminal behavior.

However in this study, for the item number 1, 77 of

the respondents don’t belong to a broken family with the

percentage of 68.75%. While 35 of respondents responds

that there are belong to a broken family with the

percentage of 31.25 percent. This clearly implies that

majority of the respondents are not belongs to the broken

35
family. For the item number 2, 91 of the respondents are

not physically abuse by parents with percentage of 81.25

percent. While, 21 of the respondents responds that they

are physically abuse by their parents with the percentage

of 18.75 percent. This may indicates that most of the

responds are not physically abuse by their parents. For

the item number 3, 100 of the respondents have no family

member/s that is also use illegal drugs with the

percentage of 89.29 percent. While, 12 of the respondents

responds that they had a family member/s that are also

use illegal drugs. This means that the predominant of the

respondents has not family members who also use illegal

drugs.

2. Effects of Plea Bargaining to Arrested Drug

Offenders in Calapan City.

The second problem of this study dealt on the

Effects of Plea Bargaining to Arrested Drug Offenders in

Calapan City as perceived by the respondents.

Table 2.1 Mean Perception of the Respondents on the

Effects of Plea bargaining to Arrested Drug Offenders in

Calapan City in terms of Physical Aspects.

Statement Mean Verbal Description

1. Restless 2.10% Seldom

2. Sickly 1.85% Seldom

36
 3. Doing daily exercise 2.45% Seldom

without feeling tired.

Overall Mean 2.13% Seldom

2.1 Physical Aspect

According to our study, Physical effects of drug

addiction vary by drug but are typically seen in all

systems of the body. Some of the primary physical effects

of drug addiction take place in the brain. Drug addiction

changes the way the brain functions and impacts how the

body perceives pleasure. These effects of drug addiction

are because the drug repeatedly floods the brain with the

chemicals dopamine and serotonin during drug use. The

brain adapts and comes to expect, and depend on, these

drug-induces highs.

However in this study, the respondents perceived

that the Effects of Plea Bargaining to Arrested Drug

Offenders in Calapan City in terms of Physical Aspect is

Seldom with the overall average weighted mean of 2.13

percent as reflected. This implies that the respondents

are seldom restless with the mean score of 2.10 percent,

seldom sickly with the mean score of 1.85 percent, and

seldom doing daily exercise without feeling tired with

the mean score 2.45 percent.

37
 Table 2.2 Mean Perception of the Respondents on the

Effects of Plea bargaining to Arrested Drug Offenders in

Calapan City in terms of Emotional Aspect.

Statement Mean Verbal Description

1. Mood swing 2.47% Seldom

2. Impulsive 2.25% Seldom

3. Emotionally competent 2.52% Sometimes

Overall Mean 2.41% Seldom

2.2 Emotional Aspects

The researchers indicated that humans identify basic

emotions that are universally recognized across cultures:

surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, and happiness.

Since then, studies on facial processing have expanded

our understanding of how differences and biases in the

perception of these emotions are directly correlated with

mood and behavior. Even modest difficulties with

emotional perception can influence mood states and

underlie several psychiatric conditions such as

depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia (Feinberg et al.,

1986). The direction of this relation is not always

clear: mood states can also influence the perception of

emotional expressions (Bouhuys et al., 1995). Beyond

emotional states, difficulties in facial processing

contribute significantly to interpersonal problems

38
(Carton et al., 1999; Bourke et al., 2010), including

social anxiety and rejection from peers (Edwards et al.,

1984; Philippot and Feldman, 1990; Feldman et al., 1991).

It can be noted in this study that the respondents

perceived that the Effects of Plea Bargaining to Arrested

Drug Offenders in Calapan City in terms of Emotional

Aspect is Seldom with the overall average weighted mean

of 2.41 percent. This may also signifies that the

respondents has seldom experiencing mood swing with the

mean score of 2.47 percent, seldom impulsive with the

mean score of 2.25 percent, and sometimes has emotionally

competent with the mean score of 2.52 percent.

Table 2.3 Mean Perception of the Respondents on the

Effects of Plea bargaining to Arrested Drug Offenders in

Calapan City in terms of Psychological Aspect.

Statement Mean Verbal Description

1. Depressed 2.19% Seldom

2. That there is no one 1.92% Seldom

left to turn to.

3. Tense or uneasy in the 1.98% Seldom

presence of someone.

Overall Mean 2.03% Seldom

39
2.3 Psychological Aspect.

In our research the psychological effects of drug

addiction come from the reason the user is addicted to

drugs, as well as the changes that take place in the

brain once a person becomes a drug addict. Initially,

many people start using drugs to cope with stress or pain

(read about: what causes drug addiction) an effect of

drug addiction is the creation of a cycle where anytime

the user encounters stress or pain, they feel the need to

use the drug. This is one of the psychological effects of

drug addiction involved in "craving" of the drug. Craving

is an effect of drug addiction whereby the addict is

obsessed with obtaining and using the drug, to the

exclusion of all else. One of the psychological effects

of addiction involved in craving is the belief the addict

cannot function or handle life without the use of the

drug.

It can be inferred in this study that the

respondents perceived that the Effects of Plea Bargaining

to Arrested Drug Offenders in Calapan City in terms of

Psychological Aspect is seldom with the overall average

weighted mean of 2.03 percent. This may also insinuates

that the respondents seldom feel depressed with the mean

score of 2.19 percent, seldom feel that there is no one

left to turn to with the mean score of 1.92 percent, and

40
seldom feel tense on uneasy in the presence of someone

with the mean score of 1.98 percent.

Table 2.4 Mean Perception of the Respondents on the

Effects of Plea bargaining to Arrested Drug Offenders in

Calapan City in terms of Social Aspect.

Statement Mean Verbal Description

1. Mingles with co-in 3.24% Sometimes

mantes.

2. Attends activities 3.88% Always

provides inside the

correctional.

3. Talks with other 2.49% Sometimes

people without

suspicious.

Overall Mean 3.35% Always

2.4 Social Aspects

According to our stdy, for reasons that are not

fully understood, most recreational drug use takes place

in social settings, in the presence of other people

(Single and Wortley, 1993; Halkitis et al.,

2005; Rodgers et al., 2006; Acosta et al., 2008). The

presence of others appears to facilitate drug use, and

drugs, in turn, can enhance social interactions. Both

41
laboratory-based and naturalistic studies support the

idea that social contexts facilitate both drug use (i.e.

initiation, maintenance, and relapse) and the quality and

magnitude of direct drug effects (Carlin et al.,

1972; Kelly et al., 1994; Doty and de Wit,

1995; Kirkpatrick and de Wit, 2013). Conversely, many

abused drugs also enhance social interactions by

increasing the desire to socialize, social bonding,

verbal behavior, and the perception of attractiveness in

others (Sayette et al., 2012).

However, in this study, the respondents the

respondents perceived that the Effects of Plea Bargaining

to Arrested Drug Offenders in Calapan City in terms of

Social Aspect is always with the overall average weighted

mean of 3.35 percent. This also implies that the

respondents are sometimes mingles with their co-inmates

with the score mean of 3.24 percent. Also, the

respondents always attend activities provided inside the

rehabilitation center or inside the correctional with the

score mean of 3.88 percent. Lastly, the respondents

sometimes talks with other people without suspicious with

the score mean of 2.94 percent.

3. Values Enhancement Program to be proposed based from

the result of the study.

42
 The last problem of this study imposes on what

proposed values enrichment program to be adapted based

from the result of the study.

After knowing the effects of plea bargaining to

arrested drug offenders in Calapan City the researchers

are considering proposing a project on Values Enrichment

to arrested drug offenders inside the rehabilitation

center. For that they are more resilient and do not lose

hope that they can change. The Propose Values Enrichment

program includes activities for the following such as

physical, emotional, psychological and social aspects

that can help them in their daily lives and in continuous

change.

Values Enhancement Programs focus on personal choice

while recognizing the strengths, skills, interests,

abilities, and often complex needs of the individuals we

serve. The vision of this program is to encourage and

fully support those drug offenders in living happier,

healthier lifestyles by becoming personally involved and

engaged in taking ownership of their own goals and well-

being. Enhancement can be considered to success because

they often focus on entertaining and research shows that

they have positive effects on person. Enrichment

activities also allow them to navigate group environments

and build social skills. Studies show that participation

43
in enrichments boosts self-confidence and self-esteem,

helping an individual overcome any fear or uncertainty

they might feel over time. Offenders also learn to

collaborate with others by working in groups, whether

that is participation in a team sport, or learning a

group dance. They are better able to resolve any personal

conflicts and to empathize with others, and they may

build friendships they might not otherwise have the

chance to make.

44
 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS

AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings,

conclusions and recommendations drawn from the analysis

and interpretation of the results.

Summary

This study is aimed to determine the Effects of Plea

Bargaining to Arrested Drug Offenders in Calapan City.

This study sought to answer the following first is the

Demographic Profile of the Arrested Drug Offenders in

terms of: (a) age; (b) gender; (c) civil status; (d)

monthly income; and (e) family background. Second is

Effects of Plea Bargaining to Arrested Drug Offenders in

Calapan City in terms of: (a) physical; (b) emotional;

(c) psychological; and (d) social aspects; and (3.) What

Values Enrichment Program can be proposed based from the

result of the study?

The sample size was computed using the weighted

mean, frequency and percentage.

45
Salient Findings

Based on the analyze data, the following are the

salient findings: The Demographic Profile of the Arrested

Drug Offenders in Calapan City.

1. In the age ranging 31-45 years old got the

highest frequency of 55 with the percentage of 0.49

percent, 46-50 years old got the lowest frequency of 2

with the percentage of 0.02 percent. Moreover, in gender,

male got the highest frequency of 93 with the percentage

of 0.83 percent and female got the lowest frequency of 19

with the percentage of 0.17 percent.

However, in civil status, married got the highest

frequency with the percentage of 0.51 percent and

separated got the lowest frequency of 1 with the

percentage of 0.01 percent.

Moreover, in their monthly income, 5,000-10,000

pesos got the highest frequency of 92 with the percentage

of 0.82 percent and 25,000-50,000 got the lowest

frequency of 1 with the percentage of 0.01 percent.

Meanwhile, in their family background, 77

respondents does not belong to a broken family with the

percentage of 68.75 percent and 35 respondents belong to

a broken family with the percentage of 31.25 percent. On

46
the other hand, 91 respondents are not physically abuse

by parents with the percentage of 81.25 percent and 21 of

respondents are physically abused by their parents with

the percentage of 18.75 percent. Lastly, 100 of

respondents revealed that there has no family member/s

who is also use illegal drugs with the percentage of

82.29 percent and 12 respondents answered that they has a

family member/s who is also use illegal drugs with the

percentage of 10.71 percent

2. The effects of plea bargaining to arrested drug

offenders in Calapan City in terms of:

2.1 Physical aspect is seldom with the overall

average weighted mean of 2.13 percent as reflected.

However, it can also be notice that the respondents are

seldom restless with the score mean of 2.10 percent,

seldom sickly with the score mean of 1.85 percent, and

seldom doing daily exercise without feeling tired with

the score mean of 2.45 percent.

2.2 Emotional aspect is seldom with the overall

average weighted mean of 2.41 percent as observed. On the

other hand, the respondents has seldom mood swing with

the score mean of 2.47 percent, seldom impulsive with the

score mean of 2.25 percent, and sometimes emotionally

competent with the score mean of 2.52 percent.

47
 2.3 Psychological aspect is seldom with the overall

average weighted mean of 2.03 percent as reflected.

Nevertheless, the respondents feel seldom depressed with

the score mean of 2.19 percent, seldom feel that there is

no one left to turn to with the score mean of 1.92

percent, and seldom feel that they are tense or uneasy in

the presence of someone with the score mean of 1.98

percent.

2.4 Social aspect is always with overall average

weighed mean of 3.35 percent as perceived. At the same

time, the respondents are sometimes mingle with co-

inmates with the score mean of 3.24 percent, always

attend activities provided inside the rehabilitation or

the correctional with the score mean of 3.88 percent, and

sometimes talk with other people without suspicion with

the score mean of 2.94 percent.

3. There is a proposed Values Enrichment Program to

be adapted based on the result of the study. This project

proposal aims to strive and encourage them to build their

motivation from inside their heart and soul. If they

learn to motivate themselves, discipline their minds,

work hard, create/implement their plans, and seek help

when needed, they will be well equipped not only for the

challenges in life but for success in future endeavors.

Two essential aspects of motivation are the viewpoints

48
about how good one is and how much value one sees in the

activity. When individuals feel they can do something

well, they invest more effort, energy, and time into

their tasks. In the same way, when people feel the

activity brings value to them they will persist beyond

distraction, difficulties, or obstacles. Individuals

generally find value through the interest, importance,

usefulness, and enjoyment the activity offers. The

challenge for them is not only to grasp their attention

but to see them take initiative.

Project Proposal

Programs,

Aspects Projects, Objective/s Persons Involve

Activities

(PPA’s)

 To help  Drug Offenders

the  Barangay

 Basketball offenders Officials

, Zumba, and to regain  Rehabilitation

Physical other outdor their Personnel
activities. active life

style.

49
  To help  Drug Offenders

the  Guidance

offenders go Counselor/

 One day over the Psychologist

Emotional and counseling. hardship and

Psychological emotional

negativities

they are

going

through.

 To give  Drug Offenders

the  Jail Warden

offenders  Barangay
ample time Official
to know each
 Rehabilitation
Social other and
Personnel
 Outreach eventually

activities. open up and

share

feelings and

experiences

with others.

50
Conclusions

In view of the findings above, this study draws the

following conclusions.

1. Majority of the respondent are in the age bracket

of 31-45 years old. Most of them are males that are

married and they monthly income is in the bracket of

5,000-10,000 pesos.

However, predominance of them are not belongs to a

broken family. They are not also physically abused by

their parents and they have not a family member/s that

also uses illegal drugs.

2. The perception of the respondents based on the

effects of the plea bargaining in terms of physical

aspect is seldom. They are seldom restless, seldom

sickly, and seldom doing daily exercises without feeling

tired.

In some point, when it comes to emotional aspect,

the respondents have seldom mood swing, and seldom

impulsive. However, they are sometimes emotionally

competent.

On the other hand, when it comes to psychological

aspect, the respondents are seldom feel that they are

51
depressed, that there is no one left to turn to, and they

are tense or uneasy in the presence of someone.

Lastly, the respondents perceived on their social

aspect that they are sometimes mingle with their co-

inmates. They are always attending activities provided

inside the rehabilitation or correctional. They sometimes

talk with other people without any suspicion.

3. After knowing the effects of plea bargaining to

arrested drug offenders in Calapan City, the researcher

will be proposing a Values Enhancement Program to those

offenders inside the rehabilitation center.

Recommendations

Based on the conclusions above, this study

recommends that:

1. The Drug Offenders who’s in the range on age

31-45 should focus on his/her family and other activities

that will improve their present condition and for the

betterment of their lives.

2. The family should give extra care to each other

so that there is no one of them get involve to any kinds

of crime.

3. The community provides activities that will

engage youth and other community constituents in order

52
for them to get themselves busy instead of getting

involve with any delinquent activities.

53
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. Books

Illegal Drugs, Drug Trafficking, and Violence in

Latin America by Marcelo Bergman

The Ethics of Plea Bargaining by Richard L. Lippke

B. Dissertation/Thesis

An Analysis of pea Bargaining

Theses Digitization Project

A Quantitative Exploration of Dance Drug Use: The New

Pattern of Drug Use of the 1990’s

C. Websites

Republic Act No. 9165 An Act Instituting the

Comprehensive Dangerous Drug

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Danger

ous_Drugs_Act_of_2002

BJS, Drug Use and Dependence, State and Federal

Prisoners, 2004, NCJ 213530, October 2006

and Substance Abuse and Treatment, State and Federal

Prisoners, 1997, NCJ 172871, January 1999.

https://www.bjs.gov/content/dcf/duc.cfm

54
 Phillipine War on Drugs

https://www.hrw.org/tag/philippines-war-drugs

Plea bargaining involving illegal drugs cases.

http://oca.judiciary.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2019/0

6/OCA-Circular-No-80-2019.pdf

Plea Bargaining and Ethics in Crimininal Justice System

htts:// www.bartleby.com

SC Release Guidelines on Plea Bargaining Involving

https://abogado.com.ph

US: Forced Guilty Pleas in Drug Cases

Hrw.org/news/2013/1

Plea and Charge Bargaining

https://www.bja.gov

Small time drug cases get plea bargaining

https:llapm.rappler.com/national/201843-supreme-

court

55
APPENDICES

56
57
58
59
60
 LUNA GOCO COLLEGES INC.
College of Criminology
Lalud, Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro

October 1, 2019

PLTCOL William Calzado Destura

Dean, College of Criminology

Luna Goco Coleges Inc.

Lalud Calapan City

Dear Sir,

Good day!

We, the Criminology 4th year students of Luna Goco Colleges are having a research study

entitled “EFFECTS OF PLEA BARGAINING TO ARRESTED DRUG OFFENDERS

IN CALAPAN CITY”. Part of the study is to conduct interview and survey to drug offenders

who benefited from a Plea Bargaining Act in Calapan City

In line with this, , we are humbly asking your approval to please allow us to conduct a quick

interview and Survey using a questionnaire and to the given number of respondents who are

inside the Rehabilitation Center. We can assure you that all the identities and information that

we gathered will be kept anonymously.

Your positive response to this request is highly appreciated.

Thank you very much, and God Bless!

Respectfully yours,

Aceveda, Alliah Kiara

61
Aloya, Charlene

Agua, Ivan Azel

Aceveda, Ren-Zel

Barrientos, Raphael Raph

Malbas, Alejandre

(Researcher)

62
 Questionnaire

This questionnaire is designed by the researchers

based on the research title specified above, as a partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of science in Criminology. The answer on this

questionnaire will be kept confidential and solely be

used for the purpose of the research.

“PLEA BARGAINING TO ARRESTED DRUG OFFENDERS IN CALAPAN

CITY: PROPOSED VALUES ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM”

Direction: Answer the following items truthfully. Tick (

/ ) the box with the appropriate corresponding answer.

Age: 13-18 19-25 26-30 31-45

46-50 51above

Gender: Male Female

Civil Status: Single Married Single with

Dependent/s

Married with Dependent/s

Separated Widowed

Monthly Income: 5,000-10,000 10,000-

20,000 20,000-25,000

25,000-50,000 50,000 up

A. Family Background

63
 Items YES NO

The Respondents….

1. Belongs to a broken

family.

2. Physically abuse to

parents.

3. Has a family member/s

who is also use illegal

drugs.

B. Physical

Items Always Sometimes Seldom Never

The Respondents

is/are….

1. restless

2. sickly

3. doing daily

exercise without

feeling tired.

C. Emotional

Items Always Sometimes Seldom Never

The Respondents

is/has...

1. Mood swing

64
 2. impulsive

3. emotionally

competent

D. Psychological

Items Always Sometimes Seldom Never

The Respondents

feel/s….

1. depressed

2. that there is no

one left to turn

to

3. tense or uneasy

in the presence

of someone.

E. Social

Items Always Sometimes Seldom Never

The Respondent/s…

1. Mingles with co-

inmates

2. Attends

activities

provided inside

the correctional

65
3. Talks with other

people without

suspicion.

66
 At the Rehabilitation

(Data Gathering)

With Ms. Anna Reynoso Ingco

(Jail Guard)

67
At the Rehabilitaion

68
Analyzing Data Gathered

Thesis Making

69
CURRICULUM VITAE

70
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Ms. Alliah Kiara Leido Aceveda was born on May 26, 1999 in Calapan City
Oriental, Mindoro. She is the youngest among the nine (9) children of Mr.
Cesar T. Aceveda and Mrs. Flordeliza Aceveda. She is presently residing at
Sto. Nino Calapan City Oriental Mindoro.

She obtained her Elementary Education at Sto. Niño Elementary School in

2011 and her Secondary Education at Oriental Mindoro National Highschool
in 2015, both in Calapan City Oriental, Mindoro.

In June 2015, She enrolled at Divine Word College of Calapan and took up
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology and a year after she
transffered and enrolled at Luna Goco Colleges Inc. for her College Education
and Took up Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

During her college days , She showcase her talents in dancing, cooking and
acting. She is also an active member of various clubs in her school.

Now, she is hoping that she will be one of the candidates for graduation this
coming March 2020.

71
 CURRICULUM VITAE

RENZEL G. ACEVEDA was born in Pachoca, Calapan city, Oriental

Mindoro on April 17 1996.

He was the second among the four (4) children of Mr. Renante Aceveda

and Mrs. Bebelyn Garcia Aceveda.

He finished his Elementary Education in Adriatico Memorial School and

graduated in year 2011. He studied the Secondary Education at Devine Word

of Calapan High School department in year 2014-2015.

When he entered College level at year 2015, he enrolled at University of

perpetual help Laguna with the course of Bachelor of Science in Civil

Engineering. He took two years studying there, but then he transferred in

Luna Goco Colleges, Inc. from year 2017 until present.

And now hoping that he'll be candidate for graduation on March, 2021.

72
 LUNA GOCO COLLEGES INC.

COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

LALUD CALAPAN CITY,ORIENTAL MINDORO

CURRICULUM VITAE

IVAN AZEL MANTUANO AGUA was born in Ilaya Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro on

October 19, 1993

He was the second among the (4) children of Mr. Aselo M. AGua and Mrs. Lorna M.

Agua. They were two boys and two girls

He finished his Adriatico Memorial School and graduated in year 2006. He studied the

Secondary Education at Jose J. Leido Memorial National High School in year (2006-2010).

When he entered College level in year 2010 he enrolled at Filipino Academy of Scientific

Trades at Salong Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro with the course of Seafarers Deck Rating

Course and graduated in year 2012, and re enrolled again in year 2013 at Mindoro State

Colleges of Agriculture and Technology with the course of Bachelor of Science in Criminology

and transferred on Luna Goco Colleges INC. until now . And now hoping that he'll be

candidate for graduation on March (2020).

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 CURRICULUM VITAE

Ms. Charlene Famadico Aloya. She was born on September 17,1995 in Tabon-
Tabon Baco Oriental Mindoro.

She is the youngest child among the 7 siblings of her beloved parents. Mr.
Danny Evangelista Aloya and Mrs. Elizabeth Juanio Aloya.

She took her elementary education in Eladia C. Macalalad Elementary School

on 2008. Then she continue her high school education in Canubing National
High School on 2009 but unfortunately she stopped because of the financial
problem. She just finish her first year high school on the said school. On 2013-
2014 she transfer in Oriental Mindoro National High School, she was second year
high school then she took PEPT examination and she passed the exam.

On second semester of October 2015 she enrolled in Luna Coco Colleges

Inc. til now.

She was hoping and praying that her name will be on the list of the graduating
students of Luna Goco Colleges Inc. this coming graduation.

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 LUNA GOCO COLLEGES INC.

COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

LALUD CALAPAN CITY,ORIENTAL MINDORO

CURRICULUM VITAE

RAFHAEL RAPH MENESES BARRIENTOS was born in Salong Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
on December 20,1998

He was the youngest among the (2) children of Mr. Apolonio A. Barrientos and Mrs.
Thelma Barrientos. They were all boys.

He finished his Elementary Education in Salong Elementary School and graduated in year
2011. He studied the Secondary Education at Jose J. Leido Memorial National High School in
year (2011-2015).

When he entered College level in year 2016,he enrolled at Luna Goco Colleges INC. at
Lalud Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro with the course of Bachelor of Science in Criminology
from year 2016 until present. And now hoping that he'll be candidate for graduation on
March (2020).

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 LUNA GOCO COLLEGES INC.

COLLEGE OF CRIMINOLOGY

LALUD CALAPAN CITY,ORIENTAL MINDORO

CURRICULUM VITAE

ALEJANDRE REALO MALBAS was born in Calsapa, San Teodoro Oriental Mindoro on April

14,1998.

He was second among the two(2) children of Mr. Alexander Andrade Malbas and Mrs.

Judy Alcarez Malbas.They were all boys.

He finished his Elementary Education in San Teodoro Central School and graduated in

year 2011.He studied the Secondary Education at Northern Mindoro Academy in year 2011-

2014.

When he entered College level at year 2016, he enrolled at Luna Goco Colleges Inc. at

Lalud, Calapan City Oriental Mindoro with the course of Bachelor of Science in Criminology

until present.

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