TURBO-MACHINES (7ME4A) - Tutorial Sheet-3 (UNIT-3)

(Hydraulic Pumps: Centrifugal, Axial and Reciprocating type)

1. Explain slip and slip factor for a centrifugal pump. (RTU2018, 6marks)
2. Derive an expression for the workdone by impeller of a centrifugal pump. (RTU2018, 10marks)
3. The impeller of a centrifugal pump having an external and internal diameter 400mm and 200mm, width of outlet 40mm and running at
1000 rpm work against a head of 45mm. The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 3 m/s. The vanes are set
back at an angle of 40° at outlet. Determine : (i) inlet vane angle (ii) work done by the impeller on water per second and (iii)
manometric efficiency (RTU2018, 10marks)
4. Briefly explain about indicator diagram of a reciprocating pump. (RTU2018, 6marks)

5. Explain for a centrifugal pump why there should be a minimum speed for discharge to start. (RTU2017, 8marks)

6. A centrifugal pump having outer diameter equal to two times the inner diameter and running at 1200 rpm, works against a total head of
75m.The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 3m/s. The vanes are set back at an angle of 30° at outlet. If the
outlet diameter of the impeller is 60cm and width at outlet is 5cm, determine-(i) vane angle at inlet (ii) workdone per second by
impeller (iii) manometric efficiency. (RTU2017,2009, 8marks)-Valan Arasu

7. Define slip, percentage slip and negative slip of reciprocating pump. Explain the function of air vessels in a reciprocating pump.
(RTU2017, 4+4=8marks)
8. Discuss the typical characteristics of an axial flow pump. Also explain regulation by adjustable impeller blades of an axial flow pump.
(RTU2017,2009, 4+4=8marks)
9. State the main components of a centrifugal pump and describe the function of each. (RTU2016,2013,2009, 8marks)

10. A centrifugal pump has to deliver 20 litres/sec of water when running at 1200 rpm. The inlet vane angle is 30° and exit vane angle is
45°. If the velocity of flow is constant in the impeller, the power supplied to run the pump by motor is 40kW. Assuming the
mechanical efficiency 90%, find the inlet and outlet diameters of the impeller. Take D2 = 2D1. (RTU2016, 8marks)

11. Define cavitations and explain causes for creating the cavitations. Mention the effects of cavitations. (RTU2016,2013,2009, 8marks)

12. The piston area of a single acting reciprocating pump 0.15m2 and stroke is 30cm. The water is lifted through a total head of 15m.The
area of delivery pipe is 0.03 m2. If the pump is running at 50 rpm, find the percentage slip, coefficient of discharge and the power
required to drive the pump. The actual discharge is 350L/sec. Take mechanical efficiency 85%. (RTU2016, 8marks)

13. What do you understand by characteristic curves of a pump? What is the significance of the characteristic curve?(RTU2015, 8marks)

14. An impeller of a centrifugal pump having internal and external are 150mm and 300mm respectively. The vane angle of the impeller at
inlet and outlet are 20o and 30o respectively. The pump is running at 1300 rpm. The water enters the impeller radially and velocity of
flow is constant. Determine the work done by the impeller per unit weight of water. (RTU2015, 8marks)

15. The stroke and bore of a cylinder reciprocally engine running at 70 rpm are 500mm and 250mm respectively. The 20m long delivery
pipe has a diameter of 80mm. Determine the power saved by installing in an vessel in the delivery pipe , if pipe friction factor is 0.008.
(RTU2015, 8marks) -R K Bansal
16. Derive an expression to obtain the work done by axial flow pump on fluid. (RTU2015, 8marks)

17. A centrifugal pump has inlet diameter of 350 mm and outlet diameter of 650 mm. The velocity of flow is 2 m/s. The vanes are curved
backward and make an angle of 450 to the tangent at the outlet tip. Determine minimum starting speed of the pump. Take manometric
efficiency as 75%. (RTU2014, 8marks)
18. Define the following terms as applied to centrifugal pumps: (i) Manometric head (ii) Static head (iii) Overall efficiency (iv) Net
positive suction head (RTU2015, 2x4=8marks)

19. Distinguish between centrifugal pump and axial flow pump. Compare the performance of both pumps with reference to following
charcterictics: (i) discharge and head (ii) discharge and power (iii) discharge and efficiency. (RTU2014, 8marks)

20. Develop an expression for cavitation number for axial flow pump. What are the causes of cavitation ang how will you prevent
cavitation? (RTU2014, 8marks)

21. Explain the concept of slip in case of centrifugal pump. Define slip factor. (RTU 2013)

22. With the help of neat sketches, explain all the component of centrifugal pump. Also explain NPSH & priming in a pump.
(RTU 2012,2009, 8marks)
23. Draw the velocity triangle at the inlet and outlet tips of the vane fixed to an impeller and derive an expression for minimum starting
speed of a centrifugal pump. (RTU 2012, 8marks)

24. Explain the various pump losses and efficiencies in a centrifugal pump. (RTU 2012,8marks)

25. The impeller of the centrifugal pump is 30 cm at the outlet of 15 cm at the inlet. Impeller vane angles are 300 and 250 at the inner and
outer peripheries, respectively and the speed is 1450 rpm. The velocity of the flow through impeller is constant. Find the work done
per unit weight per unit second. (RTU 2013)

26. The outer diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump is 40 cm and outlet width is 5 cm. the pump is running at 800 rpm and
working against a head of 16m the vane angle at outlet is 40o. Assuming the manometric efficiency to be 75%, determine the
discharge. (RTU 2012, 8marks)-Valan Arasu

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27. Give the complete description of an axial flow pump and find out an expression for workdone on the fluid and energy transfer.
(RTU 2012,2009, 8marks)

28. Explain the characteristics of an axial flow pump and the phenomenon of cavitation. (RTU 2012, 8marks)
29. An axial flow pump has an impeller of outlet diameter 1.0m. The diameter of boss is 0.5m. If the specific speed of the pump is 38 and
velocity of flow is 2m/s, suggest a suitable speed of pump to give a head of 6m. Also determine vane angle at the entry of the pump if
the flow is axial at inlet. (RTU 2012, 8marks)-Valan Arasu

30. An axial flow pump has particulars as its discharge is 180 l/s, head developed 2m, specific speed 250, speed ratio 2.4, flow ratio 0.5,
Calculate: (i)speed of pump (ii)runner diameter (iii)boss diameter (RTU 2012, 8marks)-Valan Arasu

31. A centrifugal pump delivers salt water against a net head of 15m at a speed of 1000rpm. The vanes are curved backward at 30° with
the periphery. Obtain the discharge for an impeller diameter of 30cm and outlet width of 5cm at a manometric efficiency of 90%.
(RTU 2012, 8marks)-K L Kumar
32. What are the characteristics curves of a centrifugal pump? What is the use of these curves? (RTU 2012, 8marks)

33. Define manometric and impeller efficiency for centrifugal pump. Derive the expression for the minimum speed for starting a
centrifugal pump. (RTU 2012, 8marks)

34. A centrifugal pump with 1.2 m diameter runs at 200 rpm and pumps 1880 l/s, the average lift being 6m. The angle which the vane
makes at the exit with the tangent to the impeller is 26° and the radial velocity of flow is 2.5 m/s. Determine the manometric efficiency
and the least speed to start pumping against a head of 6m, the inlet diameter of the impeller being 0.6m.
(RTU2009, 8marks)-Valan Arasu
35. A centrifugal pump of 1.3m diameter delivers 3.5m3/min. of water at a tip speed of 10m/s and a flow velocity of 1.6m/s. The outlet
blade angle is at 30° to the tangent at the impeller periphery. Assuming zero whirl at inlet and zero slip, calculate the torque delivered
by the impeller. –Valan Arasu
36. The impeller of a centrifugal pump bas backward facing blades inclined at 30° to the tangent at impeller outlet. The blades are 20 mm
in depth at the outlet, the impeller is 250 mm in diameter and it rotates at 1450 rpm. The flow rate through the pump is 0.028 m3/s and
a slip factor of 0.77 may be assumed. Determine the theoretical head developed by the impeller and the number of impeller blades.
–Valan Arasu
37. During a test on the centrifugal pump, lhe following reading were obtained: vaccum gauge reading=25 cm of Hg, pressure gauge
reading=1.5 bar, effective height between gauges=0.5 m, power of electric motor=22 kW, discharge of pump=100 l/s, diameter of
suction and delivery pipes is each 15 cm. Determine manometric head and overall efficiency of the pump. –Valan Arasu
38. A centrifugal pump having external and internal diameters of respectively 1.25 m and 0.5 m is discharging water at the rate of 2000
lit/s against a head of 16m when running at 300 rpm . The vanes are curved back at an angle of 30° with the tangent at the outlet and
the velocity of flow is constant at 2.5 m/s. Find (a) hydraulic efficiency of the pump (b) power required and (c) least speed at which the
pump commences to work –Valan Arasu
39. A three stage centrifugal pump has impellers 40 cm in diameter and 2 cm wide at outlet. The vanes are curved back at the outlet at 45°
and they reduce the circumferential area by 10%. The manometric efficiency is 90% and the overall efficiency is 80%. Determine the
head generated by the pump, when running at 1000 rpm delivering 50 litres per second. What should be the shaft power?
–Valan Arasu
40. A single acting reciprocating pump running at 50 rpm delivers 0.01m3/s of water. The diameter of the piston is 200mm and stroke
length 400mm. Determine: (i)theoretical discharge of the pump (ii)coefficient of discharge (iii) slip and the percentage slip of the
pump. – R. K. Bansal
41. A centrifugal pump has an overall efficiency of 70 percent, supplies 25 l/s of water to a height of 20 m through a pipe of 10cm
diameter and length of 100 m. Assume friction co-efficient, f = 0.012, Estimate the power required to drive the pump.
–Valan Arasu

SOLUTIONS:-
Q. No. Answers
3
6 β1= 9.043o, W=346.42 kW, ηmano.=60.04 %
10 D1=0.4m, D2=0.8m
12 %slip=7 %, Cd=0.93, Pm=6.4 kW
14 W/mg=27.08 J/N
15 Psaving=17.14 kW
17 N=112.6 rpm
25 W/mg=20.1 J/N
26 Q=0.2262 m3/s
29 N=134.22 rpm, β1= 29.67o
30 N=991 rpm, D=0.29 m, Dh=0.11 m
31 Q=0.144 m3/s
34 ηmano.=63.3 %, N=199.4 rpm
35 T=273.7 N-m
36 E=23.74 m, Z=8.15
37 Hm=19.19 m, ηo=85.6 %
38 ηmano.= ηhyd.=52.2 %, P=601.38 kW, N=295.4 rpm
39 Total head for three stages=107.97 m, Ps=66.199 kW
40 Qth=0.01047 m3/s, Cd=0.955, Slip=0.00047, %slip=4.489 %
41 P=15.86 kW

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