Absoluta sentential expositore non indigent – When language of law is clear, no explanation is required.

Actus me invito factus non est meus actus — An act done by me against my will is not my act.

Actus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea – The act itself does not make a man guilty unless his intention
were so.

Ad proximum antecedens fiat relatio nisi impediatur sentential — Relative words refer to the nearest
antecedents, unless the context otherwise requires.

Argumentum a contrario — Negative-opposite doctrine.

Casus omissus pro omisso habendus est — A person,object or thing omitted from an enumeration must
be held to have been omitted intentionally.

Cessante ratione legis, cessat et ipsa lex — When the reason of the law ceases, the law itself ceases.

Contemporanea expositio est optima et fortissima in lege — The contemporary construction is strongest
in law.

Distingue temporaet concordabis jura — Distinguish times and you will harmonize laws.

Dura lex sed lex — The law maybe harsh, but that is the law.

Ejusdem generis — Of the same kind or specie.

Exceptio firmat regulam in casibus non exceptis — A thing not being excepted must be regarded as
coming within the purview of the general rule.

Ex dolo malo non oritur actio — No man can be allowed to found a claim upon his own wrongdoing.

Expressio unius est exclusio alterius — The express mention of

one person, thing or consequence implies the exclusion ofall

others.

Expressum facit cessare tacitum — Whatis expressee P to

that whichis implied.

ry implication of law.

corpore constat — False

truction nor vitiate the

Ex necessitate legis — By necessa

Falsa demonstratio non nocet, cum de

description does not preclude cons

meaningof the statute.

tringenda — Penal laws which are Favores ampliandisunt; odia res ;

troactiveeffect. favorable to the accused are given re

Generale dictum generaliter est interpretandum — A general

statementis understood in a general sense.

Generalia verba sunt generaliter intelligenda — What is generally

spokenshall be generally understood.

al law does notnullify Generalia specialibus non derogant — A gener

a specific or special law.

Hoc quidem perquam durum est, sed ita lex scripta est — It is

exceedingly hard but so the law is written.

Impossibilium nulla obligatio est — There is no obligation to do an

impossible thing.

Index animi sermo est — Speechis the index of intention.

In eo quod plussit, semper inest et minus — The greater includes

the lesser.

Interest reipublicaeut sit finis litium — Public interest requires that

by the very nature of things there must be an end to a legal

controversy.

Interpotare et concordare legibus est optimus interpotandi modus

Interpotare et concordare legibus est optimus interpotandi modus

— Every statute must be so construed and harmonized with

other statutes as to form uniform system of law.

Interpretatio fienda est ut res magis valeat quam pereat — A law

should be interpreted with a view to upholding rather than

destroyingit.

Interpretatio talis in ambiguis semper fienda est ut evitetur

inconveniens et absurdum — Where there is ambiguity, such

interpretation as will avoid inconvenience and absurdityis to

be adopted.
Legis interpretation legis vim obtinet - interpretation of the court of a statu

by be coming a part thereof.

: — The authoritative

€ acquires theforce of law

eges posteriores priores contrarias abrogant

a prior law on the same subject which is — A later law repeals

repugnant thereto.

de futuro, judex de praterito — The law provides for the future

the judge for the past.

Let prospictt, non respicit — Thelaw looks forward, not backward

itio quae corr aledicta est expositio q amapil textum, = Tis Aen

y construction whichis againstthe text. gerous

Noscitur a soculs — Word construed with reference to accompanying

or associated words.

Nova constitutio futuris formam imponere debet non praeteritis — A

new statute should affect the future, not the past.

Nullus commodum potest de injuria propriasua — No man should

be allowed to take advantage of his own wrong.

Nullum crimen sine poena, nulla poena sine lege — There is no crime

without a penalty, and there is no penalty without a law.

Nullum tempusoccurit regi — There can be nolegalright as against

the authority that makes the law on whichthe right depends.

Optima statuti interpretatrix est ipsum statutum — The best

interpreter of a statute is the statuteitself.

Optimus interpres rerum usus — Thebestinterpreter of the law is

usage.

Pari materia — Relating to same matter.

Privilegia reciprint largan interpretationem voluntate consonan

concedentis — Privileges are to be interpreted in accordance

with the will of him who grants them.

Potior est in tempore, potior est in jure — He whoisfirst in time is

preferred in right.

Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, prohibetur et per obliquum

— Whatis prohibited directly is prohibited indirectly.

Ratihabito mandato aquiparatur — Legislative ratification is equivalent

to a mandate.

Ratio legis — Interpretation according

Ratio legis est anima legis — The reason

Reddendosingula singulis — Referring each 10 ©"

phrase or expressionto its appropriate object; 0

in its proper place.

Salus populi est supremalex — The voice ofthe people is the supreme

law.

Surplusagium non nocet — Surplusage does no

Stare decisis et non quieta movere — Follow past

not disturb what has beensettled.

Ubijus, ibi remedium — Wherethereis a right, there is a remedy.

Ubi lex non distinguit, nec nos distinguere debemus = Where the

law doesnotdistinguish, we should not distinguish. :

Utile per inutile non vitiatur — The useful is not vitiated by the

non-useful.

Ut res magis valeat quam pereat — That constructionis to be sought

which gives effect to the whole of the statute — its every

word.

t vitiate a statute.

precedents and do

Verba accipienda sunt secundum subjectam materiam — A wordis

to be understood in the context in which it is used.

Verba intentioni, non econtra, debent inservire — Words ought to

be more subservient to the intent and not the intent to the

words.

Verba legis — Plain-meaningrule.

Vigilantibus et non dormientibus jura subveniunt — The laws aid

the vigilant, not those who slumberontheir rights.

Verba legis non est recedendum — From the words ofthe statute

there should be no departure.