7.4a - Avionic General Test Equipment

Summary of Annotations
Page 4
#1 Highlight (Shabbir)
Cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) is test equipment that facilitates display of waveforms and measurement of its parameters
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope is a very versatile tool widely used in electronic measurement and testing
Page 5
The electron gun generates electrons and focuses them into a narrow beam
The deflection system moves the beam horizontally and vertically across the screen.
The screen is coated with a phosphorous material that glows when struck by the electrons
Cathode ray tubes used in oscilloscopes consist of an electron gun, a deflection system, and a fluorescent screen
The electron gun, deflection system and florescent screen are enclosed in an evacuated glass tube
The cathode is usually indirectly heated and
emits a cloud of electrons
The control grid is a hollow metal tube placed over the cathode
the control grid is maintained at a negative potential relative to the cathode to keep the electrons bunched together
The brightness, or intensity, can be adjusted by varying the voltage on the control grid
The first anode, known as focusing anode, focuses the electrons into a narrow beam
A fixed positive voltage of several thousand volts is connected to the second anode, known as accelerating anode, for accelerating the electrons in the
direction of the screen
The deflection system moves the electron beam horizontally and vertically
The deflection system uses electrostatic fields to change the path of the beam.
Page 7
Usually the horizontal (X) deflection plates are applied with a
saw-tooth shaped time base signal
The signal to be displayed is applied to the vertical (Y) deflection plates
More cycles can be displayed by decreasing the frequency of the saw tooth signal.
X-amplifier and Y-amplifier can be used to adjust the scales on the X- and Y-axes.
If AC coupled, the DC component of a signal where the AC variation is superimposed on an average DC value will be removed and the pure AC signal will
displayed
Page 9
Dual (multi-channel) oscilloscopes display two or more waveforms on the CRT screen for comparison purposes
Dual trace oscilloscopes use one electron gun and one deflecting arrangement to display two traces on the screen by sharing time
In the alternate mode, each input signal is traced in alternate horizontal sweeps
the phosphorescence of the screen has got limited persistence
In the chop mode, the horizontal sweep is divided into a number of time slots and at the end of one time slot the vertical trace jumps from one signal to the
other
Chop mode is preferred over the ALT mode for low frequency signals and low sweep rates
Page 11
A dual trace oscilloscope has two channels, which facilitates tracing two signals on the screen simultaneously
CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) is often useful in comparing signals
in a CRO, For signal input, each channel has got a BNC port
The scope (Oscilloscope) inputs are usually high-impedance with one-mega ohm resistance in parallel with 20pf capacitance
With dc coupling, both dc and ac components of a signal could be displayed

ac coupling, through a capacitor, would block the dc components and trace the pure ac component with a time constant of about 0.1 second
In GND position, the signal is disconnected from the scope, and the input is grounded
AC coupling is useful if it is necessary to isolate a small ac signal riding on a large dc voltage
For voltage measurements, the variable gain knob must be at the calibrated position (CAL).
At CH1 or CH2 position, only the selected signal is displayed
There are two ways to see both inputs simultaneously: alternate (ALT) mode and chop (CHOP) mode
In alternate mode, alternate inputs are displayed on successive sweeps of the trace
In chop mode, the trace jumps back and forth rapidly between the two signals
Alternate mode is generally better except for slow
signals.
in vertical controls, The POSITION selectors allow shifting of the image up and down
Page 13
An internal ramp generator giving deflection proportional to time
generates the horizontal sweep signal
The XY position allows a special feature called generating Lissajous figures, which is useful in phase comparison of two signals
in horizonal controls, The POSITION selector allows shifting of the image left or right
the MAGNIFIER switch facilitates a scale adjustment,

which is 10 times the scale selected with the scale selector knob
The trigger circuitry allows the selection of a level and a slope
on the waveform at which the sweep should begin
NORMAL mode produces a sweep only when the applied signal crossed through the trigger point set by LEVEL, moving in the direction set by SLOPE
In practice, the level control is adjusted for a stable display
AUTO position is better if a number of different signals are to be
displayed
In AUTO position, the display will ‘free run’ in the absence of a signal
SINGLE SWEEP is used for non-repetitive signals
The external trigger (EXT) inputs are used in situations where synchronization with some external test signal or a clock signal is necessary
LINE causes the sweep to trigger on the AC power line
Page 15
The coupling mode selection is useful in viewing composite signals
HF REJ position puts a low-pass filter in front of the trigger circuit preventing false triggering due to spikes
If spikes need to be investigated, LF REJ position can be used
BEAM FINDER is useful if the trace is lost from view.
TRIGGER VIEW is useful when triggering from external sources
High impedance probes are used to minimize the effects on the circuit caused by the attachment of the CRO
for low strength signals, a 1X probe should be used
When the probe capacitance is properly adjusted, a pure square wave without overshoot will be displayed
Some probes feature a convenient choice of 1X or 10X attenuation, switchable at the probe tip

7.4a - Avionic General Test Equipment

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

7.4a - Avionic General Test Equipment

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Summary of Annotations

The cathode is usually indirectly heated and

emits a cloud of electrons

#10 Highlight (Shabbir)

#11 Highlight (Shabbir)

#12 Highlight (Shabbir)

#13 Highlight (Shabbir)

Usually the horizontal (X) deflection plates are applied with a

saw-tooth shaped time base signal

The signal to be displayed is applied to the vertical (Y) deflection plates

the phosphorescence of the screen has got limited persistence

CRO (Cathode Ray Oscilloscope) is often useful in comparing signals

With dc coupling, both dc and ac components of a signal could be displayed

AC coupling is useful if it is necessary to isolate a small ac signal riding on a large dc voltage

#10 Highlight (Shabbir)

At CH1 or CH2 position, only the selected signal is displayed

#11 Highlight (Shabbir)

#12 Highlight (Shabbir)

#13 Highlight (Shabbir)

#14 Highlight (Shabbir)

Alternate mode is generally better except for slow

An internal ramp generator giving deflection proportional to time

generates the horizontal sweep signal

the MAGNIFIER switch facilitates a scale adjustment,

The trigger circuitry allows the selection of a level and a slope

on the waveform at which the sweep should begin

In practice, the level control is adjusted for a stable display

AUTO position is better if a number of different signals are to be

#10 Highlight (Shabbir)

SINGLE SWEEP is used for non-repetitive signals

#11 Highlight (Shabbir)

#12 Highlight (Shabbir)

LINE causes the sweep to trigger on the AC power line

The coupling mode selection is useful in viewing composite signals

If spikes need to be investigated, LF REJ position can be used

BEAM FINDER is useful if the trace is lost from view.

TRIGGER VIEW is useful when triggering from external sources

for low strength signals, a 1X probe should be used

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen