Nama : Alvian Rahmat Santoso

NIM : 113170038
Kelas : F

Summary
Enthalpy Behavior
The change of enthalpy with temperature and pressure is complex.
Predicting the enthalpy for a pure component or mixture is multi-step procedure
that requires information that can only be obtained by experimental measurement.
The enthalpy behaviour of mixture can be predicted through thermodynamic
correlations. Use of a good contemporary equation of state is recommended for
mixture enthalpy predictions. Fig. 24-2 shows graphically the change in enthalpy
of three gas streams and two liquid streams as a pressure is changed at constant
pressure. The curves in Fig. 24-2 are for no phase change and show typical
behaviour of gas phase enthalpy decreasing and liquid phase enthalpy increasing
with increasing pressure. Enthalpy for mixture of real gases and liquids can be
predicted by hand calculation methods.

Ideal Gas State Enthalpy

Enthalpy for pure component gases are readily correlated as a power series
of temperature for wide range of component. Typical values for natural gas
component are plotted in Figs. 24-3 and 24-4 for temperature -200 to 900 oF.
Enthalpy for gas mixture can be obtained as mole fraction average or weight
fraction average.
Many natural gas streams contain undefined, or pseudo component. Ideal
gas enthalpies for pseudo component are show in Figs. 24-5. Figs. 24-5 is for
paraffinic mixture and should not be used for pseudo components derived form
aromatic crude oils.
Change of Enthalpy with Pressure
For purpose of correction and calculation, the ideal and real gas behaviors
are treated separately. The mixture ideal gas enthalpy at a specified temperature is
calculated while the enthalpy change of the real gas mixture is calculated from a
correlation prepared from experimental enthalpy measurement on variety of
mixture.
Value for the change of enthalpy with pressure for a real gas or liquid are
obtained from a correlation based on the principle of corresponding states. The
correlation shown in Figs. 24-6 and 24-7 consist of two parts. One part gives the
change of enthalpy with pressure for a simple fluid (fluid with zero acentric factor).
The second part is correction for deviation of a real fluid from the ideal fluid change
of enthalpy with pressure. Figs. 24-6 and 24-7 can be used for gas and liquid
mixtures. If the mixture is a gas, use the lower chart in each figure. For liquid, read
the value from isotherms at the top of chart.

Example Calculation Using Enthalpy Correlation

A gas with composition shown in Fig. 24-8 is at 120oF and 1010 psia. Using
Figs. 24-3 and 24-4 calculated the enthalpy of gas. Following the example in Fig.
23-6, the mole fraction average critical temperature is calculated as 370,7oR and the
pseudo critical pressure as 669,1 psia. Following the same procedure, the mixture
acentric factor is 0,02476 and the molar enthalpy 4885,7 Btu/lb mole. With a
reduced temperature of 1,564 and a reduced pressure of 1,509 the reading from Fig.
24-6 is 0,70 and from Fig. 24-7 is 0,020 which give a mixture enthalpy at 120oF
and 1010 psia of 4370,0 Btu/lb mole.

Entropy Correlation
Entropy is most used as a guide for interpreting the behaviour of gases and
liquids in compression and expansion processes. The entropy of a multicomponent
mixture may be calculated by combing ideal gas state entropies from API 44 with
pressure. Entropy equations for undefined mixtures (pseudo components) are not
available but for most uses where the pseudo components are present in small
concentration, they can be satisfactorily be approximated be the nearest molecular
weight paraffin hydrocarbon.

Example Calculation Using Entropy Correlation

The same gas as the enthalpy example (shown in Fig. 24-18) is at 120oF and
1010 psia. The pseudo criticals, acentric factor, reduced temperature and reduced
pressure have the same values as in the enthalpy example. The mixture ideal gas
state entropy is 52,2 Btu/lb.mole.oR. The value read from Fig. 24-20 is 0,345 and
that from Fig. 24-21 is 0,065. These combine to give a real gas entropy of 44,05
Btu/lb.mole.oR.