SOFTPRO INDIA COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIS .

SOFTPRO TOWER ALIGANJ LUCKNOW

A TRAINING REPORT

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD

OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Computer Science & Engineering)

SUBMITTED TO
DR.A.P.J.ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

SUBMITTED BY
Name of Student University Roll No.
PURNIMA SINGH
1642810026

10-06-2019 to 25-07-2019

KASHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,

VARANASI, UTTAR PRADESH
Kashi Institute of Technology, Varanasi

TRAINEE BIODATA

Photograph of
Student

Student Name : Purnima Singh

Roll No : 1642810026
Branch : B. tech (CSE)
Period of Training : 10th june’2019 to 25th july,19

Name & Address of Organization

: Softpro india computer technogis
Pvt.Ltd.
& softpro tower new human temple
aliganj lucknow

Office Incharge of Training : Mr. Rohit kumar

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to place on record my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. Rohit Kumar Supervisor /

Manager for his generous guidance, help and useful suggestions.

I also wish to extend my thanks to Mr. Avanish kumar and other workers for guiding and

providing the knowledge related to hardware & software’s.

I am extremely thankful to Dr. Ashish Chaurasia, Head, Department of Computer Science &

Engineering, KIT, Varanasi, for valuable suggestions and encouragement.

Signature of Student

Purnima singh
(1642810026)
 ABOUT COMPANY
• Softpro India was founded in 2004, by a group of Technocrats from IIT & IET. We are a
renowned name in the area of software development & training.

•It is a dynamic new generation software solution as well as Networking Product Development
company. The company develop, markets, sells and supports software products, web-portals,
Network Projects and offers turnkey solutions to the customers.

•Softpro India has two more wings apart from software development namely:
Softpro Learning Center (SLC): provides IT training to IT students & IT professionals.
Softpro Research Center (SRC): involved in research & development.

•Founding date
2004

•Products
•Application software, Web portals, Web based solutions, SEOs, Internships and many more....
A new feature "Android based applications"
 CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that I have completed the Four weeks/Six week/Six months Training in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science

& Engineering / Information Technology. I did my training in PHP. from 10th june’19 to 25th

july ‘19.

The matter presented in this Report has not been submitted by me for the award of any

other degree elsewhere.

Signature of Student
Purnima singh
(1642810026)

Head,
CSE, VSGOI
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Purnima singh has partially completed / completed / not

completed the Training in our organization / Industry during the period 10-06-2019

to 25-07-2019 . His overall performance during the period was excellent A++

Signature & Seal of Training Manager

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page No.

Acknowledgement i

About Company/industry/institute ii

INTRODUCTION iii

Working Day 1-7 (HTML) 14

1.1.HTML ELEMENT

1.2.HTML ATTRIBUTE

1.3.HTML HEADING

1.4.HTML BLOCK AND INLINE

Working Day 7-11 (CSS) 20

2.1 CSS SYNTAX

2.2 CSS SELECTORS

2.3 HOW TO ADD CSS

Working Day 11-16 (JAVASCRIPT) 25

3.1 JAVASCRIPT STATEMENT

3.2 JAVASCRIPT CODE

3.3 JAVASCRIPT COMMENTS

3.4 JAVASCRIPT FUNCTION

Working Day 16-23 (SQL) 30

4.1 SQL SELECT STATEMENT

4.2 SQL SELECT DISTINCT

4.3 SQL WHERE CLAUSE

4.5 SQL JOIN TYPE

Working Day 23-42 (PHP) 36

5.1 WHAT CAN PHP DO

5.2 PHP SYNTAX

5.3 PHP DATA TYPE

5.4 PHP VARIABLE

Chapter 2: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39

Chapter 3: CONCLUSION 40

References

Attendance Sheet

Appendices- 1Certificate (Copy)

 Chapter1

Introduction

The term PHP is an acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is a server-side scripting language
designed specifically for web development.
1. Websites like www.facebook.com, www.yahoo.com are also built on PHP.
2. One of the main reason behind this is that PHP can be easily embedded in HTML files and HTML
codes can also be written in a PHP file.
3. The thing that differentiates PHP with client-side language like HTML is, PHP codes are executed
on server whereas HTML codes are directly rendered on the browser. PHP codes are first
executed on the server and then the result is returned to the browser.
4. The only information that the client or browser knows is the result returned after executing the
PHP script on the server and not the actual PHP codes present in the PHP file. Also, PHP files can
support other client-side scripting languages like CSS and JavaScript.
5. PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Pre-processor” PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting
language PHP scripts are executed on the server PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use

1.1 HTML

HTML (Hyper Text Mark up Language) is a language for specifying how text and graphics appear on a web
page When you visit a web site (e.g., www.google.com)your web browser retrieves the HTML web page
and renders it The HTML page is actually stored on the computer that is hosting the web site and the
page is sent to your browser To see what HTML looks like go to your web browser View menu and select
View Source. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets
(like <html>), within the web page content. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like <h1> and
</h1>, although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example <img>. The first
tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and
closing tags). In between these tags web designers can add text, further tags, comments and other types
of text-based content.
Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>

<title>Page Title</title>

</head>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

 The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines this document to be HTML5

 The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
 The <head> element contains meta information about the document
 The <title> element specifies a title for the document
 The <body> element contains the visible page content
 The <h1> element defines a large heading
 The <p> element defines a paragraph
 HTML Elements

An HTML element usually consists of a start tag and an end tag, with the content inserted in between:

<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>

The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

HTML Attributes

 All HTML elements can have attributes

 Attributes provide additional information about an element
 Attributes are always specified in the start tag
 Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"

The href Attribute

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag. The link address is specified in the href attribute

Example
<a href="https://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>

HTML Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading.
Example
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Heading 2</h2>
<h3>Heading 3</h3>
<h4>Heading 4</h4>
<h5>Heading 5</h5>
<h6>Heading 6</h6>

Output:

Heading 1
Heading 2
Heading 3
Heading 4
Heading 5
Heading 6

HTML Paragraphs

The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph:

Example
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

HTML Block and Inline Elements

Every HTML element has a default display value depending on what type of element it is.

The two display values are: block and inline.

Block-level Elements

A block-level element always starts on a new line and takes up the full width available (stretches out to
the left and right as far as it can).

The <div> element is a block-level element.

Example
<div>Hello World</div>

Inline Elements

An inline element does not start on a new line and only takes up as much width as necessary.

This is an inline <span> element inside a paragraph.

Example
<span>Hello World</span>

Inline elements in HTML:

1. <a>
2. <abbr>
3. <acronym>
4. <b>
5. <bdo>
6. <big>
7. <br>
8. <button>
9. <cite>
10. <code>
11. <dfn>
12. <em>
13. <i>
14. <img>
15. <input>
16. <kbd>
17. <label>
18. <map>
19. <object>
20. <output>
21. <q>
22. <samp>
23. <script>
The <div> Element

The <div> element is often used as a container for other HTML elements.

The <div> element has no required attributes, but style, class and id are common.

When used together with CSS, the <div> element can be used to style blocks of content:

Example
<div style="background-color:black;color:white;padding:20px;">
<h2>London</h2> <p>London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city.UnitedKingdom,
with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.</p></div>

1.2 CSS:-

What is CSS?

 CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets

 CSS describes how HTML elements are to be displayed on screen, paper, or in other media
 CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the layout of multiple web pages all at once
 External stylesheets are stored in CSS files

CSS Syntax

A CSS rule-set consists of a selector and a declaration block:

The selector points to the HTML element you want to style.

The declaration block contains one or more declarations separated by semicolons.

Each declaration includes a CSS property name and a value, separated by a colon.

A CSS declaration always ends with a semicolon, and declaration blocks are surrounded by curly braces.

Example

In this example all <p> elements will be center-aligned, with a red text color:
p{
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
CSS Selectors

CSS selectors are used to "find" (or select) the HTML elements you want to style.

This page will explain the most basic CSS selectors.

The CSS element Selector

The element selector selects HTML elements based on the element name.

Example

Here, all <p> elements on the page will be center-aligned, with a red text color:

p{
text-align: center;
color: red;
}

The CSS id Selector

The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML element to select a specific element.

The id of an element is unique within a page, so the id selector is used to select one unique element!

To select an element with a specific id, write a hash (#) character, followed by the id of the element.

Example

The CSS rule below will be applied to the HTML element with id="para1":

#para1 {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
 The CSS class Selector

The class selector selects HTML elements with a specific class attribute.

To select elements with a specific class, write a period (.) character, followed by the class name.

Example

In this example all HTML elements with class="center" will be red and center-aligned:

.center {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}

How To Add CSS

When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the HTML document according to the information in
the style sheet.

Three Ways to Insert CSS

There are three ways of inserting a style sheet:

 External CSS
 Internal CSS
 Inline CSS

External CSS

With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire website by changing just one file!

Each HTML page must include a reference to the external style sheet file inside the <link> element, inside
the head section.

Example

External styles are defined within the <link> element, inside the <head> section of an HTML
page:<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

An external style sheet can be written in any text editor, and must be saved with a .css extension.

The external .css file should not contain any HTML tags.

Here is how the "mystyle.css" file looks like:

"mystyle.css"
body {
background-color: lightblue;
}

h1 {
color: navy;
margin-left: 20px;
}

Internal CSS

An internal style sheet may be used if one single HTML page has a unique style.

The internal style is defined inside the <style> element, inside the head section.

Example

Internal styles are defined within the <style> element, inside the <head> section of an HTML page:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
background-color: linen;
}

h1 {
color: maroon;margin-left: 40px;}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Inline CSS

An inline style may be used to apply a unique style for a single element.

To use inline styles, add the style attribute to the relevant element. The style attribute can contain any
CSS property.

1.3 Javascript:-

1. A scripting language is a lightweight programming language.

2. JavaScript is programming code that can be inserted into HTML pages.
3. JavaScript code can be executed by all modern web browsers.
4. JavaScript is easy to learn.

The <script> Tag

1. To insert a JavaScript into an HTML page, use the <script> tag.

2. The <script> and </script> tells where the JavaScript starts and ends.
3. The lines between the <script> and </script> contain the JavaScript:

<script>
alert("My First JavaScript");
</script>

JavaScript in <body>

In this example, JavaScript writes into the HTML <body> while the page loads:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
.
<script>
document.write("<h1>This is a heading</h1>");
document.write("<p>This is a paragraph</p>");
</script>
.
.
</body>
</html>

JavaScript Statement

JavaScript is a sequence of statements to be executed by the browser.

JavaScript Statements

JavaScript statements are "commands" to the browser.

The purpose of the statements is to tell the browser what to do.

This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello Dolly" inside an HTML element with
id="demo":

document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="Hello Dolly";

Semicolon ;

Semicolon separates JavaScript statements.

Normally you add a semicolon at the end of each executable statement.

Using semicolons also makes it possible to write many statements on one line.

JavaScript Code

JavaScript code (or just JavaScript) is a sequence of JavaScript statements.

Each statement is executed by the browser in the sequence they are written.
This example will manipulate two HTML elements:

Example
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML="Hello Dolly";
document.getElementById("myDIV").innerHTML="How are you?";

JavaScript Comments

Comments will not be executed by JavaScript.

Comments can be added to explain the JavaScript, or to make the code more readable.

Single line comments start with //.

Multi line comments start with /* and end with */.

JavaScript Variables:-

JavaScript variables are "containers" for storing information:

Example
var x=5;
var y=6;
var z=x+y;

JavaScript Data Types

String, Number, Boolean, Array, Object, Null, Undefined.

JavaScript Has Dynamic Types

JavaScript has dynamic types. This means that the same variable can be used as different types:

Example
var x; // Now x is undefined
var x = 5; // Now x is a Number
var x = "John"; // Now x is a String

JavaScript Functions

A function is a block of code that will be executed when "someone" calls it:
 Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script>
function myFunction()
{
alert("Hello World!");
}
</script>
</head>

<body>
<button onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>
</body>
</html>

JavaScript Function Syntax

A function is written as a code block (inside curly { } braces), preceded by the function keyword:

function functionname()
{
some code to be executed
}

The code inside the function will be executed when "someone" calls the function.

The function can be called directly when an event occurs (like when a user clicks a button), and it can be
called from "anywhere" by JavaScript code.

Calling a Function with Arguments

When you call a function, you can pass along some values to it, these values are
called arguments or parameters.

These arguments can be used inside the function.

You can send as many arguments as you like, separated by commas (,)

myFunction(argument1,argument2)

Declare the argument, as variables, when you declare the function:

function myFunction(var1,var2)
{
some code
}

The variables and the arguments must be in the expected order. The first variable is given the value of
the first passed argument etc.

Example
<button onclick="myFunction('Harry Potter','Wizard')">Try it</button>

<script>
function myFunction(name,job)
{
alert("Welcome " + name + ", the " + job);
}
</script>

Functions With a Return Value

Sometimes you want your function to return a value back to where the call was made.

This is possible by using the return statement.

When using the return statement, the function will stop executing, and return the specified value.

Syntax

function myFunction()
{
var x=5;
return x;
}

1.4 Sql:-

What is SQL?

 SQL stands for Structured Query Language

 SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
 SQL is an ANSI (American National Standards Institute) standard

What Can SQL do?

 SQL can execute queries against a database

 SQL can retrieve data from a database
 SQL can insert records in a database
  SQL can delete records from a database
 SQL can create new databases
 SQL can create new tables in a database
 SQL can create stored procedures in a database
 SQL can create views in a database
 SQL can set permissions on tables, procedures, and views

Some of The Most Important SQL Commands

 SELECT - extracts data from a database

 UPDATE - updates data in a database
 DELETE - deletes data from a database
 INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
 CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
 ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
 CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
 ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
 DROP TABLE - deletes a table
 CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
 DROP INDEX - deletes an index

The SQL SELECT Statement

 The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.

 The result is stored in a result table, called the result-set.

SQL SELECT Syntax

SELECT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name;

and

SELECT * FROM table_name;

The SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement

In a table, a column may contain many duplicate values; and sometimes you only want to list the
different (distinct) values.

The DISTINCT keyword can be used to return only distinct (different) values.

SQL SELECT DISTINCT Syntax

SELECT DISTINCT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name;
 The SQL WHERE Clause

The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified criterion.

SQL WHERE Syntax

SELECT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value;

The SQL AND & OR Operators

The AND operator displays a record if both the first condition AND the second condition are true.

The OR operator displays a record if either the first condition OR the second condition is true.

The SQL ORDER BY Keyword

The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set by one or more columns.

The ORDER BY keyword sorts the records in ascending order by default. To sort the records in a
descending order, you can use the DESC keyword.

SQL ORDER BY Syntax

SELECT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name,column_name ASC|DESC;

The SQL INSERT INTO Statement

The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records in a table.

SQL INSERT INTO Syntax

It is possible to write the INSERT INTO statement in two forms.

The first form does not specify the column names where the data will be inserted, only their values:

INSERT INTO table_name

VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...);

The second form specifies both the column names and the values to be inserted:

INSERT INTO table_name (column1,column2,column3,...)

VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...);
 The SQL UPDATE Statement

The UPDATE statement is used to update existing records in a table.

SQL UPDATE Syntax

UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value1,column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value;

SQL DELETE Syntax

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE some_column=some_value;

The SQL LIKE Operator

The LIKE operator is used to search for a specified pattern in a column.

SQL LIKE Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern;

SQL INNER JOIN Keyword

The INNER JOIN keyword selects all rows from both tables as long as there is a match between the
columns in both tables.

SQL INNER JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

or:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
JOIN table2
 ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

PS! INNER JOIN is the same as JOIN.

SQL LEFT JOIN Keyword

The LEFT JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left table (table1), with the matching rows in the right
table (table2). The result is NULL in the right side when there is no match.

SQL LEFT JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

or:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

SQL RIGHT JOIN Keyword

The RIGHT JOIN keyword returns all rows from the right table (table2), with the matching rows in the left
table (table1). The result is NULL in the left side when there is no match.

SQL RIGHT JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
RIGHT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
or:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
RIGHT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

SQL FULL OUTER JOIN Keyword

The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword returns all rows from the left table (table1) and from the right table
(table2).

The FULL OUTER JOIN keyword combines the result of both LEFT and RIGHT joins.

SQL FULL OUTER JOIN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
FULL OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

The SQL CREATE DATABASE Statement

The CREATE DATABASE statement is used to create a database.

SQL CREATE DATABASE Syntax

CREATE DATABASE dbname;
 SQL CREATE DATABASE Example

The following SQL statement creates a database called "my_db":

CREATE DATABASE my_db;

The SQL CREATE TABLE Statement

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a table in a database.

Tables are organized into rows and columns; and each table must have a name.

SQL CREATE TABLE Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type(size),
column_name2 data_type(size),
column_name3 data_type(size),
....
);

The column_name parameters specify the names of the columns of the table.

The data_type parameter specifies what type of data the column can hold (e.g. varchar, integer, decimal,
date, etc.).

The size parameter specifies the maximum length of the column of the table.

The SQL BETWEEN Operator

The BETWEEN operator selects values within a range. The values can be numbers, text, or dates.

SQL BETWEEN Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

SQL Aggregate Functions

SQL aggregate functions return a single value, calculated from values in a column.

Useful aggregate functions:

 AVG() - Returns the average value

  COUNT() - Returns the number of rows
 FIRST() - Returns the first value
 LAST() - Returns the last value
 MAX() - Returns the largest value
 MIN() - Returns the smallest value
 SUM() - Returns the sum

1.5 PHP:-

What You Should Already Know

Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:

 HTML
 CSS
 JavaScript

If you want to study these subjects first, find the tutorials on our Home page.

What is PHP?

 PHP is an acronym for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor"

 PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP costs nothing, it is free to download and use

What is a PHP File?

 PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and PHP code
 PHP code are executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as plain HTML
 PHP files have extension ".php"

What Can PHP Do?

 PHP can generate dynamic page content

 PHP can create, open, read, write, and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
  PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database

 PHP can restrict users to access some pages on your website

 PHP can encrypt data

With PHP you are not limited to output HTML. You can output images, PDF files, and even Flash movies.
You can also output any text, such as XHTML and XML.

Why PHP?

 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

 PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP supports a wide range of databases
 PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

Basic PHP Syntax

A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.

A PHP script starts with <?php and ends with ?>:

<?php
// PHP code goes here
?>

The default file extension for PHP files is ".php".

A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code.

Below, we have an example of a simple PHP file, with a PHP script that uses a built-in PHP function
"echo" to output the text "Hello World!" on a web page:

Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My first PHP page</h1>

<?php
echo "Hello World!";
?>

</body>
</html>

PHP 5 Variables
Variables are "containers" for storing information:

Example
<?php
$x=5;
$y=6;
$z=$x+$y;
echo $z;
?>
PHP echo and print Statements

There are some differences between echo and print:

 echo - can output one or more strings

 print - can only output one string, and returns always 1

PHP Data Types

String, Integer, Floating point numbers, Boolean, Array, Object, NULL.

PHP Functions

The real power of PHP comes from its functions; it has more than 1000 built-in functions.

PHP User Defined Functions

Besides the built-in PHP functions, we can create our own functions.

A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program.

A function will not execute immediately when a page loads.

A function will be executed by a call to the function.

Create a User Defined Function in PHP

A user defined function declaration starts with the word "function":

Syntax
function functionName()
{
code to be executed;
}
In the example below, we create a function named "writeMsg()". The opening curly brace ( { ) indicates
the beginning of the function code and the closing curly brace ( } ) indicates the end of the function. The
function outputs "Hello world!". To call the function, just write its name:

Example
<?php
function writeMsg()
{
echo "Hello world!";
}

writeMsg(); // call the function

?>

PHP Function Arguments

Information can be passed to functions through arguments. An argument is just like a variable.

Arguments are specified after the function name, inside the parentheses. You can add as many
arguments as you want, just seperate them with a comma.

The following example has a function with one argument ($fname). When the familyName() function is
called, we also pass along a name (e.g. Jani), and the name is used inside the function, which outputs
several different first names, but an equal last name:

Example
<?php
function familyName($fname)
{
echo "$fname Refsnes.<br>";
}

familyName("Jani");
familyName("Hege");
familyName("Stale");
familyName("Kai Jim");
familyName("Borge");
?>

The following example has a function with two arguments ($fname and $year):

Example
<?php
function familyName($fname,$year)
{
echo "$fname Refsnes. Born in $year <br>";
}

familyName("Hege","1975");
familyName("Stale","1978");
familyName("Kai Jim","1983");
?>

PHP Default Argument Value

The following example shows how to use a default parameter. If we call the function setHeight() without
arguments it takes the default value as argument:

Example
<?php
function setHeight($minheight=50)
{
echo "The height is : $minheight <br>";
}

setHeight(350);
setHeight(); // will use the default value of 50
setHeight(135);
setHeight(80);
?>

PHP Functions - Returning values

To let a function return a value, use the return statement:

Example
<?php
function sum($x,$y)
{
$z=$x+$y;
return $z;
}

echo "5 + 10 = " . sum(5,10) . "<br>";

echo "7 + 13 = " . sum(7,13) . "<br>";
echo "2 + 4 = " . sum(2,4);
?
 Chapter 2

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The industrial training that i went though within the last few months brought in new technologies and
expanded my knownledge in the IT industry.I got the opportunity to put known concept in to
paratice and leran new concepts through applying them.Meeting with deadlines,keeping the code
quality,trying various approach to determine the best method and finally completing the project with
success were experience that gained throughout the training period.Also during the training I learn that
it is always good to try new things like learn new technologies and languages rather theonly sticking to
the things I know best.
 Chapter 3

Conclusion:

 PHP is a great tool for writing dynamic web pages. Non-technical users can easily learn a few
handy tricks to make their web pages easier to manage, and more useful. Because its syntax
resembles most C-like languages, any Computer Science student is able to learn it very quickly.

 When creating a PHP enhanced pages, there are a few things we must remember.PHP is a server
side technology, and does not work in a browser. The filename must have .php extension.PHP
enhanced pages can contain a mixture of HTML and PHP code.PHP code must be enclosed in
<?php?> tag.

 For more PHP information and tips, please visit php.net, or do a web search. You'll find tons of
PHP-related material. Happy coding! Do you want your Perl code on one server to call your PHP
functions on another? "Impossible!" you say? Not with XML-RPC. XML-RPC is a standard way for
any application to make requests and receive responses from methods write
Reference:-

www.php.net

www.google.com

w3school.com

CERTIFICATE