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Investigatory
Project
On
“Simple DC Motor”
Submitted to
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Certificate
This is to certify that Anu Bajpai of class 12th Delhi Public School Sitapur has
successfully completed the following project file on the topic “Simple D.C Motor”
under supervision of Mr.Lal Bahadur Verma based on syllabus and meant for CBSE
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Acknowledgement
I would like to express my heartiest gratitude to my physics teacher Mr. Lal Bahadur
motor.for He spared his valuable time of guidance throughout the project and helped
I am grateful to my Principal Mr. Rakesh Singh for providing best facilities in the
work.
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Introduction
current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on
the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some
DC motors were the first form of motor widely used, as they could be powered from
changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in
tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is
a lightweight brushed motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC
motors are currently used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, and
in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made
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1. Permanent Magnet Motors:-
they are limited to the amount of load they can drive.These motors can be
2. Series Motors:-
In a series DC motor the field is connected in series with the armature.The field is
wound with a few turns of large wire because it must carry the full armature current.
torque. However, speed varies widely between no load and full load. Series motors
Series-connected motors generally are not suitable for use on most variable speed
drive applications.
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3. Shunt DC Motors
In shunt DC motors the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature
windings. These motors offer great speed regulation due to the fact that the shunt
field can be excited separately from the armature windings, which also offers
4. Compound DC Motors
Compound DC motors, like shunt DC motors, have a separately excited shunt field.
Compound DC motors have good starting torque but may experience control
Between the 4 types of DC motors, the potential applications are numerous. Each
type of DC motor has its strengths and weaknesses. Understanding these can help
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Principle of a DC Motor
force". The direction of this force is given by Fleming's left-hand rule and its
Fleming's left hand rule: If we stretch the first finger, second finger and thumb
of our left hand to be perpendicular to each other, and the direction of magnetic field
is represented by the first finger, direction of the current is represented by the second
finger, then the thumb represents direction of the force experienced by the current
carrying conductor.
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Diagram
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Required material for simple DC motor
1. A battery
2. Copper wire
3. Magnet
4. A base
5. Scissors
7. Tape
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Construction
1. Take copper wire and wrap it around the battery. Be sure to leave around 2 inches
3. Wrap the ends of the wire around the loop several times to hold the structure of the
4. Take both the safety pins and attach them on both the sides of battery with the help
5. For each end of the wound copper wire scraped off the outer coating, if scraped off
at the wrong side the motor will not work. Very important to only scrape of the sides .
The purpose of scraping off the coating is so a complete circuit can be made with the
battery and the copper wire. This complete circuit needs to be made when the
position of the wire is like the one shown to the right. This will create a magnetic pole
through the loops of the copper wire making the bottom portion of the wire want to
6. Place magnet on top of battery. Rest the ends of the copper wire on the loops of
both the safety pins so the wound of wire is placed above the magnet and battery.
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7. Then, you will see the coil rotating. If coin doesn’t rotate during first time try waving it
by any object.
8. Make sure that turns in the coil and strength of magnet is well balanced.
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Diagram
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Working
The DC motor is a machine that transforms electric energy into mechanical energy in
field used to generate movement. But how does this magnetic field changes if DC
An electromagnet, which is a piece of iron wrapped with a wire coil that has voltage
applied in its terminals. If two fixed magnets are added in both sides of this
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Then, there are two problems to solve: feeding the current to the rotating
electromagnet without the wires getting twisted, and changing the direction of the
current at the appropriate time. Both of these problems are solved using two devices:
As it can be seen, the commutator has two segments which are connected to each
terminal of the electromagnet, besides the two arrows are the brushes which apply
electric current to the rotary electromagnet. In real DC motors it can be found three
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This way, as the electromagnet is moving its polarity is changing and the shaft may
keep rotating. Even if it is simple and sounds that it will work great there are some
issues which make these motors energy inefficient and mechanically unstable, the
polarity is changing too soon, which result in reverse impulses and sometimes in
changing too late, generating instantaneous “stops” in rotation. Whatever the case,
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Applications
tools, pumps, turbines, power tools, alternators, compressors, rolling mills, ships,
The electric motor is an essential device in different applications like HVAC- heating
PMDC motors are mainly used in automobiles to operate windshield wipers and
washers, to raise the lower windows, to drive blowers for heaters and air conditioners
etc.
PMDC motors are used in electric toothbrushes, portable vacuum cleaners, food mixers.
Used in a portable electric tool such as drilling machines, hedge trimmers etc.
Series Motors
The series DC motors are used where high starting torque is required, and variations in
speed are possible. For example – the series motors are used in Traction system, Cranes,
air compressors.
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Shunt Motors
The shunt motors are used where constant speed is required and starting conditions
are not severe. The various applications of DC shunt motor are in Lathe Machines,
machines, etc.
Compound Motors
The compound motors are used where higher starting torque and fairly constant
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Social aspects of DC Motor
Electric motors are important in a lot of of objects society use everyday such as
New jobs are also being made in manufacturing, repair technician, and new
Society could never be the same without electric motors. Skyscrapers could
never be built with mechanical cranes, robots could exist, and life could not be
the same without all the inventions that use electric motors.
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Future of DC Motors:
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Bibliography
1. www.google.com
2. www.slideshare.net
3. www.circuitglobe.com
4. Respected teachers
5. Lab Manual
6. S.L Arora
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