INTRODUCTION OF

PHARMACOGNOSY

Uswatun Khasanah,S.Farm.,M.Farm.,Apt
(Departemen Farmasi Bahan Alam Jurusan Farmasi
FKUB 2019)
History
History
Definition
► PHARMACOGNOSY Pharmakon (drug),
GNOSIS (knowledge) introduced by
C.A.Setdler, a medical student in Germany
(Analectica Pharmacognostica for his
dissertation) decsribe the study of
medicinal plants and their properties.

(Tyler, 1)
 Crude drug
Simplisia adalah bahan alamiah yang dipergunakan sebagai obat yang
belum menglamai pengolahan apapun juga dan kecuali dikatakan lain
berupa bahan yang telah dikeringkan (Materia Medica Indonesia).
Processing
Crude drug
Harvesting and collecting
Drying and sorting
Macroscopical and microscopical
 Tata nama simplisia
Dalam ketentuan umum Farmakope Indonesia disebutkan bahwa nama
simplisia nabati ditulis dengan menyebutkan nama GENUS ATAU
SPECIES NAMA TANAMAN, DIIKUTI NAMA BAGIAN TANAMAN YANG
DIGUNAKAN. Ketentuan ini tidak berlaku untuk simplisia nabati
yang           diperoleh dari beberapa macam tanaman dan untuk
eksudat nabati.
Tata nama simplisia

1. Genus + nama bagian tanaman :

Cinchonae Cortex, Digitalis Folium,
Thymi Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma  
2. Petunjuk species + nama bagian tanaman
: Belladonnae Herba, Serpylli Herba,
Ipecacuanhae Radix, Stramonii Herba
3. Genus + petunjuk species + nama bagian
tanaman : Curcuma aeruginosae
Rhizoma, Capsici frutescentis Fructus
Bagian tanaman Nama latin
Biji Semen
Akar Radix
Rimpang Rhizoma
Umbi lapis Bulbus
Ubi Tubera
Bunga Flos
Buah Fructus
Kayu Lignum
Kulit kayu Cortex
Batang Caulis
Daun Folia
Seluruh bagian tanaman Herba
Pati Amilum
Dagian dari tanaman rendah Thallus
Formation of natural product

Trease, 151
Plant metabolism
Primary metabolite
Secondary metabolite
Classification of secondary
metabolite

Secondary compounds are grouped into classes based on

similar structures, biosynthetic pathways, or the kinds
of plants that make them. The largest such classes are
the alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolics.
Relationship of primary and secondary
biosynthetic pathway

Tyler, 16
Relationship of primary and secondary
biosynthetic pathway

Primary
metabolites
provides small
molecules as
starting materials
for all of the
secondary
metabolic
Pharmacognosy applied for
quality control
 •Shape Pharmacognosy applied • Qualitative
• Colour • Quantitative
•External
• Odour • SEM Studies
•Marking Macroscopic Microscopic • Powder Studies
• Taste
• Texture
• Fracture BOTA
C NICA
P TI L
LE
A N O
STANDART

Preparation
G
R
PARAMETER Ratio herbal drug

methods
O
to herbal drug
FOR HERBAL preparation or to
Fr
Marker om
in
DRUGS extract solvent
compounds si
de
utside
o m o
fr
• essential oil
• water Cont.
Metabolit •Residual solvent
• extract Values
profile •Heavy metal
• Ash Values
•Pesticide residue
•Mycrobial level
References
CLASSROOM