PER DEV

Brain (refer to you ppts)

Nerve Tissue
 Neurons
o parts
 Cell body
 Axon
 Dendrites
o Types
 Afferent (sensory)
 Efferent (motor)
 Interneuron (either, integrators in the pathway)
o Synapse- junction between 2 neurons
 Neurotransmitter
o Essential chemicals for the human emotion and behavior
o Types
 Cholinergic
 Acetylcholine – sleep, arousal, pain perception, movement coordination
 Monoamines
 Norepinephrine- mood regulation, cognition and perception, cardiovascular functioning,
sleep and arousal
 Dopamine- movement and coordination, emotions,
 Serotonin- sleep, arousal, libido, appetite, mood, pain perception
 Histamine- unclear function
 Amino acids
 Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)- interrupts progression of electrical impulse
 Glycine- inhibition of motor neurons and regulation of spinal and brainstem reflexes
 Glutamate- pain modulation
 Substance P- sensory transmission, regulation of pain
 Somatostatin- growth hormone
 Pituitary gland
o Controlled by the hypothalamus (posterior)
o (Posterior pituitary) Production of
 Antidiuretic Hormone- conserve body water and maintain normal blood pressure
 Oxytocin- response to stress and sexual arousal
o Anterior pituitary) production of
 Growth Hormone (Somatotropin)
 Thyroid- stimulating hormone
 Thyroid- metabolism of food and regulation of temperature
 Adrenocorticothropic Hormone
 Stimulated by Corticothropin- releasing hormone
 Stimulates release of cortisol
 Cortisol- secreted on stressful situations
 Prolactin
 Stimulates milk production
 Depression, decreased libido, stress intolerance, anxiety
 Gonadotropic Hormones
 FSH and lH
 Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
 Controls production of melatonin

Biological and Physiological Development of the Learner

 Prenatal Period- formation of the body, birth
 Infancy or babyhood- birth to 2 years
o Development of physical and physiological behavior patterns
 Early childhood -2 yrs to 6 yrs
o Preschool
o Exploration and social relationships
 Late childhood 6or 7 yrs to 11 yrs
o Elementary period
o Manual skills
o Reading writing, arithmetic language etc
 Puberty stage-12 yrs to 15yrs
o Urge of sex asserts
o Growth of pubic hair
o High school
  Early Adolescence puberty to 17 yrs
o Rapid sex maturation
o Ambition and aspirations
 Late adolescence 18 yrs to 21 yrs
o Collage
o Prep for careers
 Early Adulthood 21 to 40
o Courtship and marriage
o Parenthood
o Employment
o Recreation
 Middle age- 40 to 60 yrs
o Well acheived aspirations
o Well established family
 Old age 65 +
o Retirement

Erick Erickson's 8 stage of development (refer to handout maikli na yun)

4 Temperaments (Hippocrates)
 Sanguine (enthusiastic, active, and social)
o Felxibility and adaptibility
o Great com and entertainment
o Life of party
o Sociable and optimistic
o Lacks empathy
o Disorganized
o Naive
o Enjoy having fun
 Choleric (short-tempered, fast, or irritable)
o Leadership
o Obedient and goal oriented
o Quick decisions
o Quick to change charge, fast pace
o Self confidence
o Too dominating, and impatient
o Enjoy cooperative people
o Hate lazy people
 Phlegmatic (analytical, wise, and quiet)
o Composed and collected
o Even temper
o Meticulous
o Peace keeper
o Objective, easygoing
o Lacks enthusiasm
o Dislike changes
o Move slowly
o Do not like arrogant people
 Melancholic (relaxed and peaceful).
o Pessimistic, solitude
o Meticulous, organized, analytical
o Good at long term goals
o Understands feeling
o Takes life too seriously
o Perfectionist
o Enjoy intellectuals
o Hate tardy, forgetful,
ID, EGO SUPEREGO
 Id
o Eros (libido, sex drive)
o Thanatos (death instinct)
o Acts on impulse
o Operates on pleasure principle
 Ego
o Mediator between id and real world
o Decision making component
o According to reality principle
o Devices realistic strategy to obtain pleasure
o Rational and realistic
 Superego
o Control id's impulses
o Moralistic goals
o Guilt and ideal self

Type Theories
 Sheldon's Somatoform Theory
o Body shape determines personality
o Types
 Endomorphs
 Overweight, chubby, fluffy etc
 Sociable, affectionate, self- indulgent
 Approval-seeking, cheerful
 Ectomorphs
 Skinny, nerdy
 Restrained, inhibited, sensitive
 Artistic, solitary
 Mesomorph
 Muscle, buffed
 Energetic, competitive, assertive
 Daring, aggressive brave