STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR SLOW LEARNERS

LINEAR PROGRAMMING
SOME IMPORTANT RESULTS/CONCEPTS

** Solving linear programming problem using Corner Point Method. The method
comprises of the following steps:

1. Find the feasible region of the linear programming problem and determine
its corner points

2. Evaluate the objective function Z = ax + by at each corner point. Let M and m,

respectively denote the largest and smallest values of these points.

3. (i) When the feasible region is bounded, M and m are the maximum and
minimum values of Z.

(ii) In case, the feasible region is unbounded, we have:

4.(a) M is the maximum value of Z, if the open half plane determined by

ax + by >M has no point in common with the feasible region. Otherwise, Z has
no maximum value.

(b) Similarly, m is the minimum value of Z, if the open half plane determined by
ax + by < m has no point in common with the feasible region. Otherwise, Z has
no minimum value.

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SOLVED PROBLEMS.

1) A Shopkeeper sells only tables and chairs. He has only Rs 6,000 to invest and has a
space for at most 20 items. A Table costs him Rs 400 and a chairs costs him Rs 250.
He can sell a table at a profit of Rs 40 and a chair of Rs 30. Supposing he can sell
whatever he buys, formulate the problem as a LPP and solve it graphically for
maximum profit.

Sol: Let x tables and y chairs are bought Y

Then LPP is 25

To maximize Z = 40x + 30y 20

20 40
Subject to constraints, C(0, 20) B( , )
3 3

X+y ≤ 20

400x + 250y ≤ 6000 X

0 A(15, 0),
=>8x +5y ≤ 120,

X ≥ 0, y ≥ 0

20 40
Possible points for maximum Z are A(15, 0), B( , ), C(0, 20)
3 3

POINT Z = 40x + 30y VALUE

A(15, 0) 600 600
20 40 800 1200 666.66[MAXIMUM VALUE]
B( , ) 
3 3 3 3
C(0, 20) 0 + 600 600

20 40
Z is maximum for B( , ) , ie., 6 tables and 13 chairs must be purchased and sold for a
3 3
maximum profit of Rs 666.6

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 2) One kind of cake requires 200 g of flour and 25 g of fat and another kind of cake
requires 100 g of flour and 50 g of fat. Find the maximum number of cakes which can
be made from 5 kg of flour and 1 kg of fat. Assuming there is no shortage of other
ingredients used in making the cake.

Sol: Let x cakes of type 1 and y cakes of type 2 are made. Y

Then LPP is 50

To maximize Z = x + y

Subject to constraints, C(0,20)

X ≥ 0, y≥ 0 20 B(20,10)

200x + 100y ≤ 5000 => 2x + y ≤ 50 0 A(25,0) X

And 25x + 50y ≤ 1000 =>x + 2y ≤ 40 25 40
POINT Z = x+ y VALUE
A(25, 0) 25 + 0 25
B(20, 10) 20 + 10 30 maximum
C(0, 20) 0 +20 20

Z is maximum at B (20, 10)

Hence, 20 cakes of type 1 and 10 cakes of type 2 must be made for maximum
number
of 30 cakes.

3) A Manufacturing company makes two models A and B of a product. Each piece of

model A requires 9 labour hours for fabricating and 1 labour hour for finishing. Each
piece of model B requires 12 labour hours for fabricating and 3 labour hour for
finishing. For Fabricating and finishing, the maximum labour hours available are 180
and 30 respectively. The company makes a profit of Rs 8000 on each piece of model
A and Rs 12000 on each piece of Model B. How many pieces of model A and Model B
should be manufactured per week to realise a maximum profit ? What is the
maximum profit per week ?

Sol: Suppose x is the number of pieces of model A and y is the number of pieces of
Model B. Then

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 Total profit (in Rs ) = 8000x + 12000y
Y
Maximize Z = 8000x + 12000y
Subject to the constraints:
9x + 12y ≤ 180 C(0,10) B(12,6)
=> 3x + 4y ≤ 60
X + 3y ≤ 30 0 A(20,0) X
X ≥ 0, y ≥ 0
CORNER POINT Z = 8000x + 12000y
0(0, 0) 0
A(20, 0) 160000
B(12, 6) 168000
C(0, 10) 120000

We find that maximum value of Z is 162000 at B(12,6). Hence, the company should
produce 12 pieces of Model A and 6 pieces of Model B to realize maximum profit and
maximum profit then will be Rs 168000.

4) A Dealer in rural area wishes to purchase a number of sewing machines. He has only
Rs 5760 to invest and has space for at most 20 items for storage. An electronic
sewing machine cost him Rs 360 and a manually operated sewing machine Rs 240.He
can sell an electronic sewing machine at a profit of Rs 22 and a manually operated
sewing machine at a profit of Rs 18. Assuming that he can sell all the items that he
can buy, how should he invest his money in order to maximize his profit? Make it as
LPP and solve it graphically.

Sol: Let dealer purchased x electronic sewing machines and y manually operated sewing
machines.

Our problem is to maximize,

Z = 22x + 18y - (i)
Subject to constraints x + y ≤ 20 - (ii)
360x + 240y ≤ 5760 or 3x + 2y ≤ 48 - (iii)
X ≥ o, y ≥ 0 - (IV)

On solving Equations we get x = 8 and y = 12

So, the point of intersection of the lines is B(8,12).

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 Graphical representation of the lines is given below
Y

C(0,20)

3X + 2Y = 48

B(8, 12)

X + Y = 20

A(16,0)

X
0

:- Feasible region is OABCA

The corner points of the feasible region are O(0,0), A(16,0), B(8,12), C(0,20).

The value of Z at these points is as follows

CORNER POINTS Z = 22x + 18y

0(0,0) Z = 22(0) + 18(0) = 0
A(16,0) Z = 22 x 16 + 0 = 352
B(8,12) Z = 22 x 8 + 18 x 12 = 392
C(0,20) Z = 22 x 0 + 18 x 20 =360

The maximum value of Z= Rs 392 at point B(8,12).

Hence, dealer should purchased 8 electronic and 12 manually operated sewing machines to get
maximum profit.

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 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1) An aeroplane can carry a maximum of 200 passengers. A profit of Rs 1000 is made on each
executive class ticket and a profit of Rs 600 is made on each economy class ticket. The airlines
reserves at least 20 seats for executive class. However, at least 4 times as many passengers
prefer to travel by economy class than by the executive class. Determine how many tickets of
each type must be sold in order to maximize the profit for the airline. What is the maximum
profit?

2) There are two types of fertilizers, F1 and F2. F1 consists of 10% nitrogen and 6% phosphoric
acid and F2 consists of 5% nitrogen and 10% phosphoric acid. After testing the soil condition a
farmer finds that she needs at least 14 kg of nitrogen and 14kg of phosphoric acid for her
crop. If F1 cost Rs 6/kg and F2 cost Rs5/kg, determine how much of each type of fertilizer
should be used, so that nutrient requirements are met at a minimum cost?

3) A manufacturer considers that men and women workers are equally efficient and so he
pays them at the same rate. He has 30 and 17 units of workers (male and female) and capital
respectively, which he uses to produces two types of goods A and B. To produce one unit of
A, two workers and three units of capital are required while three and one unit of capital is
required to produce one unit of B. If A and B are priced at Rs.100 and 120 per unit
respectively, how should he uses his resources to maximize the total revenue? From the
above as an LPP and solve graphically. Do you agree with this view of the manufacturer that
men and women workers are equally efficient and so should be paid at the same rate?

4) A diet for a sick person must contain at least 4000 units of vitamins, 50 units of minerals
and 1,400calories. Two foods X and Y are available at a cost of Rs. 4 and Rs. 3 per unit
respectively. One unit of the food X contains 200 units of vitamins, 1 unit of mineral and 40
calories, whereas one unit of food contains 100 units of vitamins, 2 units of minerals and 40
calories. Find what combination of X and Y should be used to have least cost? Also find the
least cost.