Objectives:

Participants will be able to articulate confidently the

world of extension management, in particular:
• Agricultural extension and advisory services: What
it is and what it is not
• Agricultural extension in transition worldwide
• The need for agricultural extension and advisory
services
• Client system along the value chain
• Extension service providers
Extension and
advisory services:
what it is and what
it is not
Extension services, AFMA (1997)
• Provision of training, farm and
business advisory,
demonstration, and information
and communication support
through tri-media

Source: Philippine Agriculture and Fisheries Extension Strategic Plan

2017-2022, page 4.
• Multi-disciplinary involving the
farmers, fisherfolk and their
organizations, and those involved in
food and non-food production and
processing, including the private and
public sectors.

Source: Philippine Agriculture and Fisheries Extension Strategic Plan

2017-2022, page 4.
Let’s get to work and
have some fun too!
Workshop 1.1
Agricultural Extension
Workshop 1: Discuss as a group:
• What is AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
in the context of your LGU?
• What extension service/s do you do?
• Why do you do it (purposes/objectives)?
• How do you do it (methods, strategies)?
• With whom and for whom do you do it?
What EXTENSION Why How
SERVICES (Purposes/ (Methods/ With Whom For Whom
you do Objectives) Processes) (Partners)
Workshop mechanics
• Choose your discussion leader/recorder for
the group
• Summarize your output using metacards and
manila paper.
• Workshop: 15 minutes
• Presentation per group: 2 minutes per group
Traditionally . . . it is
• Disseminating information about
technologies, markets, inputs and
financial matters, and
• Helping farmers develop their
agricultural, management and
marketing skills.
In modern times . . . It
expanded to focus on
• Strengthening capacities
• Empowering rural people
• Promoting innovations
• Supporting people to obtain skills and information
• Addressing emerging challenges to improve livelihoods and
wellbeing
•Focuses on farmers and other important
stakeholders in rural economies,
• Promoting interaction among them with other rural actors,
the private sector, research institutes, education centers,
and government.
•Helping actors improve their
market access
•Dealing with changing patterns of
risk and protecting the
environment
 Linking farmers’ Supporting Providing training
organizations and communities in and advice for
agricultural setting up farmers and
research informal and agribusinesses
programs formal rural and helping them
organizations improve their
links with the
value chain
Extension and advisory services, is NOT
about

• Distribution of farm inputs

• Establishment of farm infrastructure
• Provision of agricultural support services
such as irrigation, credit, etc.
Agricultural extension
in transition worldwide
Worldwide changes

•New technologies (private goods)

which directly impact agricultural
production in developed and
developing countries.
1 Green Revolution
2 Growth
of the
commercial
farm sector
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SUBSISTENCE AND COMMERCIAL FARMERS
TRADITIONAL/ SUBSISTENCE MODERN/COMMERCIAL
Proportion of output Low High
sold off the farm
Destination of foods Local direct consumption and some High proportion processed and to
processed locally food manufacturers
Origin of Inputs
1. Power Draught animals Petroleum, electricity
2. Plant nutrients Legumes, ash, manure Chemical fertilizers
3. Pest control Crop rotation, intercropping Insecticides, fungicides
4. Weed control Rotation, hoeing, use of plough Herbicides
5. Implements/tools Hoe, plough, sickle, scythe Machineries, often self-propelled
combine harvesters
6. Seeds From own harvest Purchased from merchants
7. Livestock feeds Grass, crops grown on Purchased from compound feed
farm/common land mixers
3 Trade liberalization

•Contributing to a rapidly
developing global food
system
4 Transnational life science companies
•Play an expanding role in
developing a wide range of new,
proprietary technologies for
many of the major food and fiber
crops.
5. Expansion of the biofuel industry

•Continuing increase in
fossil fuel prices
resulted in the
expansion of the bio-
energy industry.
•. . . but which has increased
staple food costs
•. . . an immediate and negative
impact on many poor families,
including poorer diets and
increasing malnutrition.
Complementary Shifts in Extension and
Advisory Services
•More specialized technology
transfer systems through privatized
extension systems.
• Happening in some European
nations, as well as those in Australia
and New Zealand,
• Pursuit of different extension models
and/or approaches with mixed results.
• Public extension still focused on technical
and management skills and knowledge,
as well as social capital development
(Other European, Middle Eastern, Asian,
African, Latin American and Caribbean
nations)
• Some technology transfer activities carried
out by private input supply companies,
as well as farmer cooperatives
Why the need for
agricultural extension
and advisory services
 Poverty
Malnutrition
Hunger
Changing focus of AE/AS

Increased Incomes Rural Employment Improved Rural

Livelihood

Food Security
Public Sector Private Sector
Primary Agricultural Development Goals
• Achieving National and HH Food Security
• Adequate food supplies in urban and rural
populations (food crop productivity)
• Demand for food products (staple and high value
food product technologies)
• Subsidies for biofuels (worldwide demand for
staple food crops)
• Competition for scarce land and water
• Increased food security problems
• Increased rural livelihood farm income
• Diversification into HV crops, livestock and
fishery products
• Increased rural employment
• Organizing women into producer and farmer
groups
• Increased access to technical and management
skills in enterprises
• Access to HV crops and products
• Health, hygiene and nutrition of rural families
and education of rural children
Primary objectives of AE/AS
Transfer technologies on crop and livestock production
systems

Enhancing skills and knowledge on appropriate enterprises and

most efficient production management

Improving rural livelihoods, achieving FS and higher incomes

Strengthening natural resource management

Organizing farm families into different farm based

organizations
Program areas of AE/AS
1. Transfer of agricultural technologies

Production
Genetic Agrochemical
Management
Technologies Technologies
Technologies
1. Transfer . . .

Biological Agricultural
Mechanization Information
Control
Technologies
Technologies Technologies
2. Expanding skills and knowledge of farmers or human
capital development
Production technologies (diversification to
HV crops, livestock and fisheries
production systems

Post harvest handling (grading,

packaging, value added processing,
storage and transport systems)

Product quality and traceability, standards

for HV food products for exports
2. Expanding skills and knowledge . . .
Agricultural mechanization, water
management and protective cover
systems

Access to and how to use market

information

IT skills and knowledge related to

precision farming and traceability
2. Expanding skills and knowledge . . .

Sustainable land management and

conservation practices

Sustainable water management and

conservation practices

Water efficient technologies (drip

irrigation, water efficient crops, deficit
irrigation and water harvesting)
2. Expanding skills and knowledge . . .

Sustainable forestry, agroforestry

and wildlife management practices

Climate change and its implications

on agricultural production systems

Food processing and preservation

2. Expanding skills and knowledge . . .

Family nutrition especially for infants

and young children

Family hygiene including safe water

handling and waste management

Credit management
 Let’s get to work and
surface our
competency gaps
Workshop 1.2
Capability Needs Assessment
This Capability Needs Assessment
will be a basis for priority trainings to
be designed for extension
managers.

Thank you for your inputs.

3. Improving rural
livelihoods and
achieving FS as well as
higher incomes for
better nutrition and
education
4. Strengthening natural resource management

• Growing world population

• Economic growth
• Limited natural resources
• Diminishing arable croplands GROWING FOOD
• Soil nutrient depletion DEMANDS
5. Organizing farm families into different farm based
organizations (Organizational Skills or Social Capital)
• To reduce transportation cost;
• To improve their competitiveness
thru economies of scale and reduced
Leadership,
Organization transaction costs in producing and
of producer marketing their products
organization
groups to link
and financial • To improve effectiveness and
with input
management
suppliers and
skills
markets efficiency of AE/EAS in supplying
relevant commodity or production
specific information
Client System Along the
Value Chain
AFEs clientele has evolved . . . from farmers/
fisherfolk and Agricultural Extension Workers
(AEWs)
To various actors along the value chain

*Main/Key players

*Enabling Environment
1. Producers/ suppliers of:
Input Supply
- Seeds/seedlings
- Planting materials
- Fertilizers (organic/ inorganic)
- Agro-chemicals
- Veterinary/fishery biologics and
medicines
- Fry/fingerlings
- Animal stocks
- Agri/fishery feeds
2. Farm machineries suppliers, fabricators,
dealers, mechanics
3. Irrigation service providers (water tender/
master/ Irrigators Associations)
4. Power & fuel service suppliers/providers
5. Nursery operators
6. Hatchery operators
7. Poultry & livestock breeders
8. Fund providers/financial institutions
9. A/F knowledge & technology providers
10. Providers of farm/fishery materials
11. Laborers
1. Farmers, agrarian reform beneficiaries and fisher folks
2. Livestock producers
3. Rural Based Organizations, Agrarian Reform Beneficiary
Organizations, Farmers’ Organizations/cooperatives
4. Harvesters
5. Sorters/classifiers/graders Production/
6. Packagers
Harvesting
7. Boat operators
8. Farm machinery operators
9. Fund providers/financial institutions
10. Aquaculture operators
11. Logistic providers
12. Farm laborers
13. Contractors
1. Grain millers
2. Commodity processors Processing/
3. Food manufacturers Distribution
4. Taggers
5. Warehouse/storage
operators
6. RBOs/ARBOs/
Cooperatives
7. Handlers
8. Consolidators
9. Packagers
10. Feed millers
11. Butchers
12. Fish Seaweed Processors
13. Meat & Animal By-Products Processors
14. Logistics Providers
15. Transport Services Providers
1. Market Traders/dealers/vendors
2. Transport service providers
3. Food chains/groceries/supermarkets/store
operators/owners
4. Caterers
5. Advertisers Marketing
6. Trading Center Operators/ Cooperatives/ RBOs/ARBOs
7. Exporters and importers/ Brokers
8. Animal breeders
9. Peddlers
10. Animal Handlers
1. Families/Homes
2. Restaurants/ Canteens
3. Institutions (schools, hospitals,
hotels, resorts, orphanages,
detention/rehabilitation centers)
Consumption
4. Industries
5. Caterers
6. Nutritionists/ Dieticians
7. Tourists
8. Senior Citizens
Services (credit and finance, extension,
irrigation, research and development)
Enabling Environment
Infrastructure (irrigation, FMRs,
postharvest facilities,) (Support Actors)
Policies

Regulations
Farm based organizations that can
accelerate the development process
Commodity Socio-economic Watershed and
specific and gender irrigation
producer based farmer management
organizations organizations organizations

Farmer Rural youth

cooperatives organizations
Clientele to be served by a pluralistic AE/AS

Rural and farm women

Commercial farmers
Small and marginal
subsistence farmers
Rural youth
Medium scale farmers
Extension
Service
Providers
Per AFMA
Types

Public PVOs and Input

Extension NGOs Supply
Agencies Dealers
 We talked about:

EXTENSION
Agriculture is not crop production as
popular belief holds - it's the production of
food and fiber from the world's land and
waters. Without agriculture it is not
possible to have a city, stock market,
banks, university, church or army.
Agriculture is the foundation of civilization
and any stable economy.

Allan Savory
https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/agriculture.html
Bakit ang mga Pinoy, hindi tama kung
sumagot, kahit maayos naman ang tanong?
Tanong Sagot

1. Kumain ka na? Busog pa ako.

2. Andiyan ba ang nanay mo? Bakit po?
3. Anong oras na? Maaga pa.
4. Paano mo ginagawa yan? Madali lang.
5. Bakit wala ka kahapon? Absent ako.
6. Saan ka na? Malapit na ako. Wait lang!