II.

6 Alat Tes Paternitas (Kit)

Tes ini untuk menentukan apakah seorang pria adalah ayah biologis dari seorang
anak. Alat tes paternitas akan membandingkan pola DNA anak dengan terduga ayah
untuk memeriksa bukti pewarisan DNA yang menunjukkan kepastian adanya hubungan
biologis.

II.6.1 Identifiler

The AmpFlSTR™ Identifiler™ PCR Amplification Kit is a short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex assay
that amplifies 15 tetranucleotide repeat loci and the Amelogenin gender-determining marker in
a single PCR amplification:

• All thirteen of the required loci for the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) (Budowle et al.,
1998).

• Two additional loci, D2S1338 and D19S433.

Product description The Identifiler™ Kit contains all the necessary reagents for the amplification
of human genomic DNA. The reagents are designed for use with the following Applied
Biosystems instruments:

• 3100/3100-Avant Genetic Analyzer

• Applied Biosystems 3130/3130xl Genetic Analyzer

• Applied Biosystems 3500/3500xL Genetic Analyzer

• 310 Genetic Analyzer

• GeneAmp™ PCR System 9700 with the Silver 96-Well Block

• GeneAmp™ PCR System 9700 with the Gold-plated Silver 96-Well Block

• Veriti™ 96-Well Thermal Cycler About the primers The Identifiler™ Kit employs the same
primer sequences for all loci common to other AmpFlSTR™ kits (except the MiniFiler™ kit).

A degenerate unlabeled primer for the D8S1179 locus was added to the AmpFlSTR™ Identifiler™
Primer Set in order to address a mutation observed in a population of Chamorros and Filipinos
from Guam (Budowle et al.,1998b and Budowle et al., 2000). The addition of the degenerate
primer allows for the amplification of those alleles in samples containing this mutation without
altering the overall performance of the Identifiler™ Kit. The original validation data in this guide
(Section 5.1 on page 66) were generated prior to the addition of the degenerate primer. Data
showing equivalence with the degenerate primer has been published. 12

AmpFlSTR™ Identifiler™ PCR Amplification Kit User Guide Chapter 1 Overview 1 Product
overview Loci amplified by the kit Non-nucleotide linkers are used in primer synthesis for the
following loci: CSF1PO, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, and TPOX. For these primers, non-
nucleotide linkers are placed between the primers and the fluorescent dye during
oligonucleotide synthesis (Butler, 2005, Grossman et al., 1994, and Baron et al., 1996). Non-
nucleotide linkers enable reproducible positioning of the alleles to facilitate interlocus spacing.
The combination of a five-dye fluorescent system and the inclusion of non-nucleotide linkers
allows for simultaneous amplification and efficient separation of the 15 STR loci and Amelogenin
during automated DNA fragment analysis.

II.6.2 Powerplex 16

II.6.3 Powerplex 21

In view of this, in this study we will report on the forensic

parameters of the Powerplex

21 system commercial

kit

(Promega, Corp),

which includes the 13 STRs of the

CODIS (D3S1358, TH01, D21S11, D18S51, D7S820, D5S818,

D13S317,

D16S539, CSF1PO, VWA, D8S1179, TPOX, FGA),

five

other tetranucleotide markers (D1S1656, D6S1043,

D2S1338,

D12S391, D19S433), and two pentanucleotide

markers

(Penta E and Penta D), plus amelogenin as a gender

marker.

The results were compared with reference populations

available in the literature.

II.6.4 Powerplex Fusion