Submitted by:

Mart Louie Salonga

Lilian J. Mantes
Livien Faye Llarenas
Lalaine Santos
Thezan Kristel Villancio
Villa RheaFe Mercado
Darlyn Joy Dizon
Nelson Bien

HRDM 4-2s

October 4, 2010
 Makes ‘SCENTS’
Introduction
Perfumes today are being made and used in different ways than in previous
centuries. Perfumes are being manufactured more and more frequently with
synthetic chemicals rather than natural oils. Less concentrated forms of perfume
are also becoming increasingly popular. Combined, these factors decrease the cost
of the scents, encouraging more widespread and frequent, often daily, use.

This proposed project is about having affordable perfumes which are higher
in quality than the average perfumes.

Background
Since the beginning of recorded history, humans have attempted to mask or
enhance their own odor by using perfume, which emulates nature's pleasant smells.
Many natural and man-made materials have been used to make perfume to apply
to the skin and clothing, to put in cleaners and cosmetics, or to scent the air.
Because of differences in body chemistry, temperature, and body odors, no perfume
will smell exactly the same on any two people.

Perfume comes from the Latin "per" meaning "through" and "fumum," or
"smoke." Many ancient perfumes were made by extracting natural oils from plants
through pressing and steaming. The oil was then burned to scent the air. Today,
most perfume is used to scent bar soaps. Some products are even perfumed with
industrial odorants to mask unpleasant smells or to appear "unscented."

Raw Materials
 Funnel - The material used in its construction should be sturdy enough to
withstand the weight of the substance being transferred, and it should not
react with the substance.
 Dropper - use for fixative only.
 Graduated cylinder - also known as a measuring cylinder, is a piece of
laboratory equipment used to accurately measure the volume of an object.
 Beaker - a glass object used for holding fluids and chemicals in a making a
perfume.
 Stirring rod - used to mix chemicals and liquids for making a perfume.
 Measuring spoon - used to measure an amount of an ingredient, either
liquid or dry, when making a perfume.
 Amber bottle - for the storage of the perfume.
 DPG (Dipropylene glycol) - is a compound that plays a role in the chemical
makeup of most fragrances. It is used to bind and carry the fragrance
elements of a perfume, usually one or more essential oils or fragrance oils. It
is type of organic chemical compound that is frequently used as solvent. It
comes in two grades, dipropylene glycol (industrial grade) and dipropylene
 glycol (fragrance grade). Only the fragrance grade is appropriate for use in
perfumes.
 Solubilizer - it is an agent that increases the solubility of a
substance/perfume.
 Fragrance - scents of the perfume to be process.
 Alcohol (deodorize or denatured) - acting as a diffusing agent delivering
the fragrant odor.
 Water – is use for balancing the amount of oil that is being mixed.
 Fixative - is a natural or synthetic substance used to reduce the evaporation
rate and improve stability when added to more volatile components. This
allows the final product to last longer while keeping its original fragrance.
Fixatives are indispensable commodities to the perfume industry.

What Goes Into Perfume

The different types of perfume are based on the different amounts of the
aromatic material in the solution. Perfume extract is usually the strongest, with up
to 40 percent of the material being the aromatic compound. Eau de parfum is the
next strongest, with an average of 15 percent of aromatic compound per bottle. Eau
de toilette, Eau de cologne and aftershave have decreasing amounts of aromatic
compound, respectively. For any perfume or perfume derivative, the amount or
aromatic compound (what gives it its smell) is usually mixed in with another liquid,
either ethanol (an alcohol) or a mixture of ethanol and water. The alcohol
evaporates easily, helping the aromatic compound to be dispersed into the air.

Fragrance notes

Fragrance pyramid

Perfume is described in a musical metaphor as having three sets of notes,

making the harmonious scent accord. The notes unfold over time, with the
immediate impression of the top note leading to the deeper middle notes, and the
base notes gradually appearing as the final stage. These notes are created carefully
with knowledge of the evaporation process of the perfume.Perfume is a fragrant
liquid made from an extract that has been distilled in alcohol and water. A perfume
is composed of three notes.

• The base note is what a fragrance will smell like after it has dried.
• The smell that develops after the perfume has mixed with unique body
chemistry is referred to as the middle note.
• And the top note is the first smell experienced in an aroma.
 Each perfumery has a preferred perfume manufacturing process, but there are
some basic steps.

Manufacturing Process
1. Collection

Collection of raw materials is the first step in the perfume making process.
Fragrance can be obtained from flowers, grasses, mosses, leaves, tree barks and
fruit peels. Once raw materials are collected, the fragrance is extracted by
distillation, absorption or extraction using solvents.

2. Aromatic Compound Extraction

The most common method of obtaining aromatic compounds for the purpose of
turning them into perfume is the solvent extraction process. In this method, the
source material is put into a liquid that can dissolve the desired material. These
liquids can be made up of hexane and ether. Another technique is distillation, in
which steam from boiling water is passed through the desired material. The
condensed steam is then concentrated and purified in a special flask. Other
methods include crushing plants between presses and embedding them into wax.

3. Blending

Once the perfume oil is extracted, the blending process commences. A

perfumer, known as "a nose," uses an extensive knowledge of fragrance
characteristic to blend anywhere from 20 to 800 raw materials to compose a scent.
Once the scent is developed and tested, batches are robotically mixed.

The pure perfume oil is then diluted with alcohol and water. If a full perfume is
desired, 10 to 20 percent of the oil is dissolved in alcohol with a minute amount of
water. Cologne is 3 to 5 percent oil, 80 to 90 percent alcohol and 10 percent water.
An eau de toilette is 2 percent oil, 60 to 80 percent alcohol and 20 percent water.
Then the perfume is ready to be aged, filtered and bottled.

If want to create your own fragrance, essential and synthetic oils can be
obtained from perfume making suppliers. Experiment by combining oils, then smell
and test the combinations on your skin. Once the desired aroma is achieved, mix
the oils with the appropriate ratios of alcohol and water. Purchase perfume alcohol
from perfume materials suppliers. Or clear drinking alcohol that has no smell, such
as vodka, can be substituted. Once poured into a bottle, the fragrance is ready to
be enjoyed.

4. Aging

The final step is aging.

PROJECT AIMS
The proposal is to carry out to do the following:

• To sell affordable perfumes having options to choose from.

• Making perfumes not just for everyday use, but also good to be
business gifts, wedding giveaways, etc.

• Having perfumes that will help people cover up "bad" smells and
improve their physical and emotional well-being.

Raw Materials Costs

Funnel(glass) Php 400.00

Dropper 18.00
Graduated Cylinder 600.00
Beaker 800.00
Stirring Rod 230.00
Measuring Spoon 70.00
Amber Bottle 50.00/1000ml
DPG 1,000.00/1gal
Solubilizer 420.00/250ml
Perfume (depend on perfume) 4,000.00/1000ml
Alcohol (deodorize or denatured) 500.00/1gal
Water 71.00/1000ml
Fixative 1,600.00/250ml

Price of Bottle for selling

27.00/30ml. set
35.00/60ml. set
37.00/120ml. set

Conversion
1,000ml. = 1L = 1 kl
3000ml. = 3L = 1 gal
COMPUTATIONS OF PERFUME CONTENT

TABLE of PERFUME CONTENTS

Fragranc
Solubilizer DPG Alcohol Water Fixative
e

Eu de Perfume 35% 5% 30% 30% .001%

Eu de Toilette 25% 70% 5% .001%

Eu de Cologne 15% 80% 5% .001%

Body splash 10% 85% 5% .001%

Eu de Cologne: 120ml.
Perfume: 15 = 18ml. = 1,000ml. / 18 ml. = 55.56
4,000 / 55.56 = 71.99
Alcohol: 80 = 96ml. = 3,000ml. / 96ml. = 31.25
500 / 31.25 = 16
Water: 5% =60ml. = 1,000ml. / 60ml. = 16.67
71 / 16.67 = 4.26
Fixative: 0.001% = 0.012ml. = 250ml. / .012ml. = 20,833.33
1600 / 20,833.33 = 0.077

71.99 + 16 + 4.26 + 0.077 = 92.327 / 4 = 23.08 per 30ml.

= +27.00 per bottle
Total cost = 50.08 per 30ml.

Selling price: 110 per 30ml.

Refill: 80 per 30ml.
Eu de Perfume: 120ml.
Perfume: 35% = 42ml. = 1,000ml / 42 ml. = 23.81
4000 / 23.81 = 162
Dpg: 30% = 36ml. = 3,000ml. / 36ml. = 83.33
1,200 / 83.33 = 14.40
Solubilizer 5% = 60ml. = 250ml. / 60ml. = 4.17
4,000 / 4.17 = 100.72
Alcohol 30% = 36ml. =3,000ml. / 36ml. = 83.33
500 / 83.33 = 6.00
Fixative .001% = .012ml. = 250ml. / .012ml. = 20,833.33
1,600 / 20,833.33 = .077

162 + 14.40 + 100.72 + 6.00 + .077 = 283.197 / 4 = 70.80 per 30ml.

= + 27.00 per bottle
Total cost = 97.8 per 30ml.

Selling price: 160.00 per 30ml.

Refill: 130.00 per 30ml.

Eu de Toilette: 120ml.
Perfume: 25% = 30ml. = 1,000ml. / 30ml. = 33.33
4,000 / 33.33 = 120.01
Alcohol: 70% = 84ml. = 3,000ml. / 84ml. 35.71
500 / 35.71 = 14.00
Water: 5% = 6ml. 1,000ml. / 6ml. = 166.67
71 / 166.67 = .425
Fixative: .001% = .012ml. = 250ml. / .012ml. = 20,833.00
1,600 / 20,833.33 = .077

120.01 + 14.00 + .425 + .077 = 134.512 / 4 = 33.628 per 30ml.

= + 27.00 per bottle
Total cost = 60.628 per 30ml.

Selling price: 120.00 per 30ml.

Refill: 90.00 per 30ml.
Quality Control
Because perfumes depend heavily on harvests of plant substances and the
availability of animal products, perfumery can often turn risky. Thousands of flowers
are needed to obtain just one pound of essential oils, and if the season's crop is
destroyed by disease or adverse weather, perfumeries could be in jeopardy. In
addition, consistency is hard to maintain in natural oils. The same species of plant
raised in several different areas with slightly different growing conditions may not
yield oils with exactly the same scent.

Problems are also encountered in collecting natural animal oils. Many animals
once killed for the value of their oils are on the endangered species list and now
cannot be hunted.

Synthetic perfumes have allowed perfumers more freedom and stability in

crafts, even though natural ingredients are considered more desirable in the very
finest perfumes. The use of synthetic perfumes and oils eliminates the need to
extract oils from animals and removes the risk of a bad plant harvest, saving much
expense and the lives of many animals.

Target Market
People who loves feeling good with their smells. New frontiers being
explored by industries are using perfume to heal, make people feel good, and
improve relationships between sexes. The sense of smell is considered a right brain
activity, which rules emotions, memory, and creativity. Aromatherapy—smelling oils
and fragrances to cure physical and emotional problems—is being revived to help
balance hormonal and body energy. Smelling sweet smells also affects one's mood
and can be used as a form of psychotherapy.

Known Customers
≈ Staffs of our partners
≈ Our own in-house application software developers and server operations
team
≈ Our own marketing, sales, and customer support departments

Location of Suppliers
Bestpack-Araneta Avenue, Quezon City
Chemlab-Tomas Morato, Quezon City
Royal Crown- Makati

Risks and Rewards

 There’s a potential possibility having this project in-conflict with other
products. But we believe that having our perfumes more affordable than the other
perfumes in the market, customers response will be great.

There are significant technical difficulties in building a web site for this
project. This will be a risk but having one person on our team with skills when it
comes to technologies, we’re safe. Besides, we have partners when it comes to
technologies.
The schedule for this project is very short. We will be having different strategies to
make our product hook market.

Approach:
This is a "me-too" product that will go head-to-head with very similar
competing products in the same market. The market is large enough that we can be
very happy with a share of it.

We’re going to launch new smells that can be used by either male or female.

Our system will have similar functionality, but it will have much better
maintainability, scalability, and security. Our system will have similar functionality,
but it is specifically aimed at a market segment that is not served by competing
products.

PROJECT PARTNERS
Technical partners so far committed to participating in the work are:

 Ferocity Home
 Ferocity Extension
 Ferocity Print and Copy Center
 Ferocity Gamezone
 Coengines

Other partners are very welcome. Potential partners should contact Lilian J.
Mantes to discuss their participation.

Project Methodology
Having this product in places with foot-traffics, we believe that our new
product will attract customers to purchase them. Furthermore, we’ll create a
website for our new products and release flyers for customers to have references
whom to contact when they want to order and where to go when surfing the net to
check our products.
Project Planning

Man
Task Content
Days

 Detailed research and Market

analysis
Project Analysis  Analysis of the required information 9
 Identification of information
resources

 Design plans
Prepare Detailed
 Develop a structured methodology 7
Plans
 Use of various techniques

 Utilise available technologies

Develop Information 11
 Utilise reliable technologies

 Design the product according to

Product proposed plans
8
Implementation  Prepare 'Draft Proposal'
 Checkpoint Review

 Produce electronic document

Develop
 Produce paper document 14
Documentation
 Monitor the above activities

 Assess the product quality

assurance
Final product Review  Quality assurance plans 7
 Resource plans
 Product testing

 Usability testing (real users views)

Project Evaluation  Enhance information and market 4
quality

 Prepare poster materials

Poster Presentation 5
 Implement poster for presentation
Pricing
Outlined below is the pricing structure for the proposed project. This document has
been assembled by the team members. The labour prices have been listed with and
without VAT.

Labour Costs

VAT Total Total

Hourly Hours Daily VAT @
Title @ Hourly Daily
Rate per Day Rate 17.5%
12% Rate Rate

Project
61.6 8.4 70.00 4.0 246.4 33.6 280
Manager

Personnel
44.44 6.06 50.50 4.0 177.76 24.24 202
1

Personnel
44.44 6.06 50.50 4.0 177.76 24.24 202
2

Daily Working Daily rate at Total working days

Title
rate days working days including VAT

Project
246.4 30 7, 392.00 8, 400.00
Manager

Personnel 1 177.76 30 5, 332.80 6, 060.00

Personnel 2 177.76 30 5, 332.80 6, 060.00

Overall totals For Labour 18, 057.6 20, 520.00

Project Schedule
07/22 : First project proposal meeting with the entire group.
07/29 : 2nd meeting on what product to be lauched.
08/05 : First draft done.
08/12 : Approval on proposal with professor.
08/26 : Final draft of proposal’s polished.
08/30 : Meet as group for further analyses regarding the project.
09/03 : Work on draft of progress regarding the project.
09/06 : Study strategies regarding project.
09/10 : Study sample products.
09/13 : Launching of products.
09/17 : Report on progress.
09/20 : Group meeting regarding the outcome with regards to customers’
feedback.
09/24 : Preparation for interrogations.
10/01 : Completion date.

Project Roles
Salonga, Mart Louie - will be head-in-charge in this project.
Mantes, Lilian J. - will provide the proposals and other documents
needed regarding this project.
Llarenas, Livien Faye - will be the leader when it comes to promotion of
products.
Villancio, Thezan Kristel - the team-researcher.
Mercado, Villa Rhea-Fe - head in production.
Bien, Nelson - assistant in promotion of products.
Santos, Lalaine - assistant in production of products.
Diaz, Darlyn Joy - 2nd assistant in production of products.

All of us will share the analysis of existing procedures and the organizing.
Analysis and planning/organization will occur at group meetings.