Presented To: Syed Taseer Abbas Jaffar

Presented By: Syed Shabbar Abbas (F2018136004)

Ali Raza (F2018136002)
Expansive Soils…
• Expansive soil is a soil that is prone to large volume changes
(swelling and shrinking) that are directly related to changes
in water content. Soils with a high content of expansive minerals
can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years.
• Soils with smectite clay minerals
including montmorillonite and bentonite, have the most
dramatic shrink-swell capacity.
Solutions to Expansive Soils…
• Abandon the project

• Excavate and replace the existing poor soil

• Redesign the project to accommodate the soil and site conditions.

• Modify the soil to improve the properties and behavior of soil

• Mechanical modification

• Hydraulic modification

• Physical and chemical modification

• Modification by inclusions, confinement and reinforcement

Soil Stabilization/Improvement/Modification
• Geo-technical process of improving the engineering properties of
soil and making it more stable and durable is called soil
stabilization/improvement.

OR

• Soil stabilization is a general term for any physical, chemical,

mechanical, biological or combined method of changing a
natural soil to meet an engineering purpose.
Engineering of Soil Stabilization…
Soil Stabilization has one or more of the following main functions
(Munfakh 1997a; Elias et al. 2006)…
• Increase shear strength
• Increase bearing capacity
• Increase density
• Transfer embankment loads to more competent layers
• Control deformations (settlement, heave and distortions)
• Accelerate consolidation,
• Decrease imposed loads,
• Provide lateral stability
• Form seepage cutoffs or fill voids
• Increase resistance to liquefaction.
Factors affecting methods of soil improvement
techniques…
• Soil type

• Area, depth and location of treatment required

• Desired/required soil properties

• Availability of materials

• Availability of skills, local experience and local preferences

• Environmental concern

• Economics
 Admixtures used as Soil Stabilizers…
Scientists have used different admixtures for soil stabilization.
Some of them are as following…
• Cement • Scrap tire

• Fly ash • Bagasse fiber

• Lime • Coconut coir fiber

• Tree resin • Rice husk Ash

• Cement kiln dust • Crushed Glass

• Bitumen • Blast furnace slag

• Plastic bottles waste • Pozzolanas

Methodology (Tests to be performed)
• Atterberg Limits

• California bearing ratio

• Standard Proctor Test

• Swell pressure test

• Unconfined Compression test

• Differential free swell test

 Soil stabilization using lime
• Lime is an excellent choice for short-term modification of soil
properties. Lime can modify almost all fine-grained soils, but the most
dramatic improvement occurs in clay soils of moderate to high
plasticity. Modification occurs because calcium cations supplied by the
hydrated lime replace the cations normally present on the surface of
the clay mineral, promoted by the high pH environment of the lime-
water system. Thus, the clay surface mineralogy is altered, producing
the following benefits:
• Plasticity reduction

• Reduction in moisture-holding capacity (drying)

• Swell reduction

• Improved stability

• The ability to construct a solid working platform

Lime stabilization process….

1. Scarification and
Initial Pulverization

2. Lime Spreading
Lime stabilization process….

3. Preliminary Mixing
and Watering

4. Mellowing Period

5. Final Mixing and

Pulverization
Lime stabilization process….

6. Compaction

7. Final Curing
 LIME as Stabilizer
Scientists have used many admixtures to stabilize the soil for
different engineering purposes. Following researchers have
discussed effects of Lime on different engineering properties of
black cotton soil (a type of expansive soil which is mostly available in
Pakistan and India.
1. Nadgouda, K.A.(2010, “The Effect of Lime Stabilization on Properties of
Black Cotton Soil”.)

2. Harish G R (2017, “Studies on Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using

Lime ”)

3. Ankit jain (2016, “Effect of lime on index properties of black cotton soil”)

4. Shailendra Singh (2013, Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil using Lime )

 Summary Of Articles Reviewed
PROPORTION OF
SR. NAME OF
LIME EXPERIMENTED METHODOLOGY (TESTS PERFORMED)
NO. RESEARCHER
(%age)

Atterberg Limits, Standard Proctor Test, Differential

Nadgouda, Free Swell Test, Swelling Pressure Test and
1 2.5 – 7.5
K.A. 2010 California Bearing
Ratio Test

Consistency limits, compaction characteristics,

2 Harish G R, 3, 6 & 9
unconfined compressive strength and CBR values
2017

Ankit Specific gravity test, Plastic limit, Liquid limit,

3 2,4,6,8 & 10
Jain,2016 Plasticity index, Differential free swell

Shailendra Atterberg limits, compaction test, CBR Test and

4 4&6
Singh 2013 Swelling test
Analysis And Results Of Research's
Done…
1. Nadgouda, K.A. 2010
1. Nadgouda, K.A. 2010
2. Harish G R, 2017
3. Ankit Jain,2016
4. Shailendra Singh , 2013
4. Shailendra Singh , 2013
 RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDED
SR. # REASERCHER NAME
SOLUTION

1 Nadgouda, K.A 2010 (3.5-4.5)% lime addition

2 Harish G R, 2017 9% Lime addition

3 Ankit Jain,2016 8 % Lime addition

4 Shailendra Singh , 2013 6% Lime addition

Thank you for your time…!