Surveying-I assignment

1. Briefly define surveying and where it is involved.

2. Among the methods for horizontal distance measurement, list any three and indicate where it
is employed. What are the factors for choice of method of horizontal distance measurement?
3. In applying surveying operation in horizontal distance measurement, it is necessary to erect a
perpendicular line to a survey line. Describe the method and its procedures to set out a
perpendicular by dropping a perpendicular line from a point to a survey line.
4. We have defined surveying as the art of making measurements of the relative position of either
natural or man-made features on the surface of the earth. Describe the basic principles that we
can make use of in locating the relative position of a point given that the location of other two
points is known?
5. Explain why the distance measured on the surface of the earth is required to be reduced to
equivalent horizontal distance
6. What do you understand by cross-section leveling? Explain how it is conducted. Draw a typical
cross- section.
7.
a) What are the types of surveying based on geometry of earth’s surface and describe
their differences.
b) What are the sources of error?
8. The following readings were observed successively with a leveling instrument. The instrument
was shifted after 5th and 11th readings: 0.485, 1.020, 1.785, 3.395, 3.875, 0.360, 1.305, 1.785,
2.675, 3.385, 3.885, 1.835, 0.435, and 1.705. Draw up a page of level book and determine the
R.L of various points by rise & fall method, if the R.L of the point on which the first reading
was taken is 264.350m. (8 pts)
9. A surveying operation was made to determine the horizontal distance between two points,
which are obstructed by a pond area.
The measurement was using a 50m tape having weight of 0.06Kg/m and cross sectional
area of 0.0485cm2 standardized at a temperature of 200C, pull of 11kg and supported at
two ends. The field measurement was made at a temperature of 320C, pull of 120N and
supported at two ends. What is the correct horizontal distance between two ends A and B?
(8 pts)
USE: E =2.1*106Kg/cm2.
 =11.2*10-6/0C

The Angle of <a, <b and <c are 400,400 and 1000 respectively.

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 Surveying-I assignment

MEASURED DISTANCES
LINE DISTANCE
(m)
AC 42.46
CD 27.56
DE 78.9
EB 39.4
10. In the construction of a pipeline it is necessary to excavate a trench with a 1m width. The
ground configuration was plotted using the rod readings taken at stations with 20m intervals
and some selected points as given under. The invert level (elevation of bottom of pipe) at
station A is 100m amsl. The pipe should be aligned with an even lowering gradient of 1 in 200
starting from station A. (Neglect thickness of pipe).

Work out
* The reduced level of points along the pipeline,
* Depth of cut or fill required at each station,
* Provide arithmetic checks.

Chainage(m) Station BS(m) IFS/IS(m) FS(m) Remark

0+00 A 2.390 BM(RL=100m)
0+20 B 0.910
0+40 C 0.540
0+46.8 D 0.320
0+60 E 1.490
0+80 F 1.980
0+94.1 G 2.210 2.190
1+00 H 1.410
1+20 I 0.990
1+40 J 0.750
1+49 K 0.920
1+60 L 1.100 1.210

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 Surveying-I assignment

1+80 M 1.010
1+86.9 N 2.090

11. A surveying operation was made to determine the horizontal distance between two points,
which are obstructed by a pond area.
The measurement was using a 50m tape having weight of 0.06Kg/m and cross sectional
area of 0.0485cm2 standardized at a temperature of 200C, pull of 11kg and supported at
two ends. The field measurement was made at a temperature of 320C, pull of 120N and
supported at two ends. What is the correct horizontal distance between two ends A and B?
USE: E =2.1*106Kg/cm2.
 =11.2*10-6/0C

A C POND E B

MEASURED DISTANCES
LINE DISTANCE
(m)
AC 42.46
CD 27.56
DE 78.9
EB 39.4
12. A steel tape 50m long was used to measure distance between two points with the tape on flat at a
temperature of 300c. The distance so obtained using this tape was 100m. The tape was standardized
on flat at a temperature of 200c and a pull of 9Kg. This so measured 100m distance was re-measured
using an invar tape and a record of 99.90m was read. What was the pull applied during the
measurement using the steel tape?
E=2.1*106Kg/cm2.  =11.2*10-6/0C, A=0.0485cm2

13. A line was measured with a 30m long steel tape at 150c & with a pull of 100N. What is the
correction per tape length if the temperature at the time of measurement was 220c & the pull
exerted was 150N? The weight of steel is 0.0768N/cm3, the weight of the tape is 8N, the
modulus of elasticity of the tape material is 2.1*107N/cm2 & its coefficient of linear expansion
is 7.0*10-7/10c.
14. The following is the page of a level book. Fill the missing readings & calculate the R.L of all
the points. Apply the usual checks?

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 Surveying-I assignment

S.No. B.S IFS FS Rise Fall R.L Remarks

1 3.150 ***
2 1.770 *** 0.700 ***
3 2.200 *** ***
4 *** 1.850 *** ***
5 2.440 0.010 ***
6 *** *** 1.100 ***
7 1.185 2.010 *** 222.200
8 1.735 *** ***
9 *** 1.685 0.050 ***
10 1.525 0.805 ***
sum 12.055

15. The following reciprocal levels were taken with one level:

Staff reading on Remarks

Instrument at A B AB=900m
R.L. of A=200.00m
A 1.564 2.787
B 0.436 1.695

Determine A) The true difference in elevation between A and B,

B) The R.L. of B, and
C) The collimation error.

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