METHOD STATEMENT

(US ASTM/D1143, Singapore SS/CP4, Malaysia JKR/20800, UK FPS/Handbook)

BI-DIRECTIONAL (static)
BD PILE LOAD TEST
Bored Pile BP1,200mm; Working Load WL11,360kN; Test Load TL22,720kN
(This Method Statement is prepared for YJACK on Bored Pile. For YJACK on Driven Pile, please refer to other Method Statement)
Bored Pile: BP1200

PREPARED FOR: Method Statement for YJACK Type B for Bored Piles (sample)
GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANT : ABC Geotechnical Limited
MAIN CONTRACTOR : XYZ Construction Limited
PILING CONTRACTOR : XYZ Piling Limited

DOCUMENT NUMBER YJMY/MSC06/BDPLT-A001/MS02/V00/20180801

DOCUMENT DATE 2018 AUGUST 01
PREPARED BY Azzah Ruslini Bt. Mohd Darus ______________
Authorized by
CHECKED BY Ellaine Tsen Yi Ling
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0.0 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 YJACK MODEL & ASSEMBLY LOCATION
3.0 YJACK FABRICATIONS & INSTALLATIONS
4.0 YJACK INSTRUMENTATIONS & PRESSURIZATIONS
5.0 YJACK TEST PROCEDURES & PLOTS
6.0 YJACK TEST RESULTS
6.1 YJACK Test Curves
6.2 YJACK Analysis Curves (by SS/CP4)
6.3 YJACK Equivalent Q-s Curve (by measurement method, an optional method)
6.4 YJACK Acceptance Criteria
6.5 YJACK Friction Correction
6.6 YJACK Ultimate Load
7.0 POST GROUTING
8.0 WORK MATRIX
9.0 YJACK INSTALLATION QA/QC
10.0 TECHNICAL CHIEF

ANNEXURE O: YCELL Product Specification Sheet

ANNEXURE A: YJACK Balance Level Calculation Sheet
ANNEXURE B: YJACK Fabrication & Installation Schematic Drawing Sheet
ANNEXURE C: YJACK Instrumentation Schematic Drawing Sheet
ANNEXURE D: YJACK Pile Test Loading Schedule Table
ANNEXURE E: YJACK Instrumentation Calibration Certificates

ATTACHMENT A: Technical Chief CV: Wai Yee Kong

ATTACHMENT B: Int’l Tech Paper 2013 – State-Of-The-Art of YJACK in Bi-Directional Pile Test (PILE2013 Indonesia)
ATTACHMENT C: YJACK Installation on Bored Piles (YJACK Type B) and Driven Piles (YJACK Type C)

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

YJACK Technology, associated companies and distributors are the specialists to propose, supply, install, test and
analyze bi-directional pile load test, statically, on the following pile types (with PCT World Patents):
(1) YJACK Type A: auto-YJACK especially for deep or marine water piles for offshore piling
(2) YJACK Type B: bored or barrette piles (platform technology: patented flat jack)
(3) YJACK Type C: concrete piles, such as driven reinforced or spun concrete piles
(4) YJACK Type D: double concreting method to install YJACK on small bored piles
(5) YJACK Type E: end bearing piles with 50% skin friction and 50% end bearing conservatively
(6) YJACK Type M: micro-piles with API pipe design (micro-pile without API pipe = mini bored piles)
(7) YJACK Type O: offshore or open ended steel pipe piles
(8) YJACK Type W: working piles with YJACK located at pile toe level to comply pile bending design

This Method Statement mainly focus on YJACK Type B.

The objectives of the test are to obtain or to comply the design parameters for the test pile. The pile design and
YJACK design and capacity are summarized in the following table.

Pile and YJACK Design Table

Pile ID BP1200
Pile Type Bored Pile
Pile Size (mm) Ø1200
Pile Length (m) 21.3 BGL
Ground Level (m) 0.0 BGL
Cut-Off Level (m) 0.0 BGL (assumed)
YJACK Level (m) 19.3 BGL (2.0m from toe level) (Refer to Annexure A)
Toe Level (m) 21.3 BGL
Prolong Level (m) N/A
Reference Borehole BH-1
Working Load, WL (kN) 11,360
Test Load, TL (kN) 2.0*WL 22,720
Apply Load in F(1D), AL (kN) 1.0*WL 11,360
YCELL Model 4GYJ3D325
YCELL Capacity (kN), in 1D 2,000
YCELL Capacity (kN), in BD 4,000
YCELL Quantity (NOS) 6
YJACK Capacity (kN), in BD 6*4,000 = 24,000 (>22,720)
YCELL Stroke (mm) max 120 if test to failure ; max 80 if required unloading cycle
BGL: below ground level
Note: YCELL, is the single hydraulic unit prior to fabricate the YJACK

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2.0 YJACK MODEL & ASSEMBLY LOCATION

There are many type of YJACK Model for different pile sizes and test loads. The selected YCELL hydraulic jack model
is 4GYJ3D325, in which:
4G: 4 th generation design
YJ: YJACK trademark
3D: manufacturing model design
325: the diameter of the YCELL hydraulic jack

ANNEXURE O: YCELL Product Specifications Sheet

(Note: YCELL, is the single hydraulic unit prior to fabricate the YJACK)

Positioning of YJACK assembly is determined based on static analysis on soil data. This is used as the basis to
compute the expected skin friction and end-bearing capacities of the test pile.

The YJACK assembly location is ideally be located at the middle of total pile capacity (= skin friction + end bearing).
The main aim of positioning the assembly will be to “equalize” the bi-directional forces in the pile so that failure in
one direction does not occur prematurely. The detailed location requirements will be based on the pile design and
the soil conditions.

ANNEXURE A: YJACK Balance Level Calculation Sheet

(sample, not computed due to unavailable soil data)

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It must be stressed that all calculations are based on empirical formulae which does not imply that they are fail -
proof but at the time represents the most prudent and accurate location based on the available information and
knowledge.

Static Load Test Loading Principle

Technical Comparison for static Pile Load Test

Conventional Kentledge Method vs YJACK Bi-Directional Method

For YJAC K Typ e B, th e Y JAC K location det er mined from Balance Le ve l Equation: F(upper) = F(low er) + E(base)
For YJACK T ype C , the Y JAC K locat ion det er mined from Ba lance L ev el Equat ion: F(upper) ≈ F(lower) + E(base)
(installed at the spliced pile joint closest to the balance level, either at 3, 6, 9, 12m or any pile combination suitable)

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3.0 YJACK FABRICATIONS & INSTALLATIONS

Bored pile boring works will proceed under the piling contractor’s work plan. Upon reaching the final toe elevation,
the pile bottom will be cleaned for concrete placement.

The fabrication of the YJACK assembly will be carried out on site. The YJACK will be welded with the rebar cage at the location
as determined from YJACK balance level calculations. The installation of YJACK is as easy as 1-2-3.

ANNEXURE B: YJACK Fabrication & Installation Schematic Drawing Sheet

The hydraulic supply, telltales, grouting pipes (optional to be used for post grouting at split zone ; and to be access
tubes for ultra-sonic pile integrity testing) will be attached to the rebar cage. The rebar cage will be fabricated in
few pieces (depending on the pile length) and spliced together over the bored hole.

An upper rebar cage will be ready to fabricate with YJACK.

The orientation of the YCELLs (single hydraulic unit) and positions will be fixed on a flat ground and welded together
to become an YJACK (Step 1).

Once the YJACK is ready, the upper rebar cage will put on top of the YJACK (perpendicular) and weld together to
fabricate as a single piece of JACK with the rebar cage (Step 2).

Subsequently, the hydraulic supply hoses and telltales will be attached out from YJACK connections (Step 3).

YJACK Fabrication Site Photo Illustration

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

The connections of the rebar cages shall compliance to the contractor’s method statement.

It should be noted that, the contractor at project site shall use their most appropriate method to assist the YJACK
installer to fabricate the YJACK onto the rebar cage. Precautions shall be taken in order not to damage the hydraulic
hoses, telltales and connections.

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SOP for YJACK Type B or W (for bored piles) Installations

DAY 1 DAY 2

YJACK pre-fabricated in YJACK fabrication yard Pile boring works start after YJACK ready
(rebar cage ready on site by contractor) (follow contractor SOP and work plan)

Ready a flat working platform at site by contractor YJACK lower down to the bore hole
(locate YJACK on the flat plywood/steel platform) (slowly and carefully follow contractor SOP)

Connect YJACK perpendicular to the rebar cage Continue cabling when lowering down the rebar cage
(vertically by welding YJACK on rebar cage) (fasten with cable ties in approx. 1.5m interval)

Lower the connected YJACK on to ground Lower down the tremie pipe and concreting
(horizontally to connect hoses and telltales) (slowly and carefully follow contractor SOP)

Final inspections, QA/QC by engineers Pile load test starts after 7 days (minimum)
(YJACK fabrications ready in 1~2 days) (loading sequence to follow MLT specifications)

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4.0 YJACK INSTRUMENTATIONS & PRESSURIZATIONS

Measurement of YJACK Pressure

A calibrated electronic pressure gauge will be used to monitor the hydraulic jack pressure, from which the loading is derived
by applying the calibration factor of the hydraulic jack to the pressure.

Measurement of Displacements
For measurement of the displacement of the YJACK (top and bottom parts), telltales will be used. The end of telltales will be
connected to LVDTs (linear vertical displacement transducer) to measure displacements:
- Four (4) measurements on pile top displacement combined with physical measuring
- Three (3) measurements on YJACK up displacements
- Three (3) measurements on YJACK down displacements

The following table is the general guideline for the quantities of the measurements to be used:

Pile Top YJACK Up YJACK Down

Pile Size < 600mm 4 1 1
Pile Size < 1,000mm 4 2 2
Pile Size < 1,500mm 4 3 3
Pile Size > 1,500mm 4 4 4

YJACK Instrumentation Site Photo Illustration

ANNEXURE C: YJACK Instrumentation Schematic Drawing Sheet

(For river/marine environment, temporary platform to be prepared by piling contractor)

Reference Beams
- For pile top measurements, two (2) reference beams will be laid on supports, firmly embedded in the ground.
- For telltale measurements, one (1) reference beam will be laid on supports, firmly embedded in the ground.
- The supports shall be far enough as required in the specifications or ASTM/D1143 (refer to kentledge method).

LVDTs (Liner Vertical Displacement Transducers)

- Four (4) LVDTs will be fixed to measure the pile top displacements (movements)
- Three (3) LVDTs will be fixed to measure the YJACK up displacements
- Three (3) LVDTs will be fixed to measure the YJACK down displacements
- LVDTs must be in good conditions and calibrated yearly with the range of 0-50mm with accuracy of 0.01mm.

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5.0 YJACK TEST PROCEDURES & PLOTS

The YJACK test will be carried out when the bored pile is obtaining the required concrete strength. After concreting
for at least 7-days (or subjected to engineer approval), test can be conducted.

The YJACK will be internally pressurized using a common hydraulic system, creating an upward force on the shaft in upper
friction and an equal, but downward force in lower shaft friction plus end bearing. As mentioned, the hydraulic jack load is
determined by relating the applied hydraulic pressure to load calibration. A high-range calibrated pressure gauge will be used
to read the pressure on the pump line with minimum 400Bar.

ANNEXURE D: YJACK Loading Schedule Table (sample) or refer to Engineer’s Specs

(loading schedule table will be re-submitted prior to commencement of the load test)

ANNEXURE E: YJACK Instrumentation Calibration Certificates (sample)

(calibration certificates will be re -submitted prior to commencement of the load test)

The load will be removed and testing finished once either one of the following criteria occur:
i. A pre-determined test load has been achieved prior to the reach ultimate capacity.
ii. The test pile reaches its ultimate capacity in either upward or downward direction exceeds the limit.
iii. The smaller value of 5% of pile diameter or maximum travel of the YJACK (80mm) is reached.
iv. The ultimate YJACK capacity is reached.

Load-displacement readings will be recorded in accordance to the load test procedure determined by the engineers, which
generally adopting maintained load test procedure with the sample plots shown below for (i) Load-Settlement, (ii) Load-Time,
and (iii) Settlement-Time.

Sample (left): Load~Settlement, Q~s Plot

Sample (bottom): Load~Time, Q~t Plot

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6.0 YJACK TEST RESULTS

Test report will be issued to the client with “top loaded“ load - settlement Q~s curves upon completion of the test.

6.1 YJACK Test Curves

The test results are plotted as load versus displacement curves for the upward and downward displacements independently
as recommended by Singapore Standard SS/CP4 (2003), Figure 7.16(b):

6.2 YJACK Analysis Curves (by SS/CP4)

The two (2) component curves as illustrated in Section 6.1 may then be utilized to construct an equivalent pile-top load (Q)
versus displacement curve (s) as recommended by Singapore Standard SS/CP4 (2003), Figure 7.16(c):

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6.3 YJACK Equivalent Q-s Curve (by measurement method, an optional method)

By considering the pile elastic shortening effects on the pile-load behavior, the alternative option to produce Q-s curve is to
implement dynamic high-strain pile load test (HSPLT) methodology to complement the shortcoming of bi-directional to
produce Q-s curve.

6.4 YJACK Acceptance Criteria

The Q-s curve from Section 6.2 will be utilized to compare with the acceptance criteria as defined by the Engineer. Generally,
conventional pile load test acceptance criteria local practice will be adopted. However, there is no direct measurement on the
residual settlement in bi-directional pile load test method. Alternatively, the residual settlement of the bi-directional test
method shall be deemed as the gap opening at the split zone after removal of the working load.

The following acceptance criteria will be adopted (JKR, 1988):

i. The residual settlement after removal of the test load exceeds 6.5mm.
ii. The total settlement under the Working Load exceeds 12.5mm.
iii. The total settlement under twice the Working Load exceeds 38.0mm, or 10% of pile diameter/width whichever is
the lower value.

6.5 YJACK Friction Correction

In bi-directional testing, the hydraulic jack is pushing the upper pile section in upward direction. In other words, the upper pile
section is subjected to tension load behavior. In order to simulate the compressive load behavior, the following skin friction
correction factor, γ, at upper pile section shall be taken in considerations as follows:

Soil Type Friction Correction Friction Corrected Friction

Factor, γ At Upper Pile Section At Upper Pile Section
Sand 0.7 Qu(upper) Qu(upper)/0.7
Clay 0.8 Qu(upper) Qu(upper)/0.8
Rock 1.0 Qu(upper) Qu(upper)/1.0
Note: for different soil layers, take average values of γ

6.6 YJACK Ultimate Load

The YJACK ultimate load,

Qu = Qu(upper) + Qu(lower) – W(weight of upper pile section); must exceed the Q(test load).
γ

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7.0 POST GROUTING

Working pile is to be grouted after the test is completed.

The grout used shall consist of cement grout with non-shrink additive and water. The grout mixing and preparation shall be in
accordance to the grouting specialist instruction.

Grouting Stage 1 at Split Zone

The purpose of the grouting is to fill up the split zone created by the YJACK during testing as illustrated below in Mechanism 3
(the details, please refer to International Technical Paper PILE2013: The State Of The Art Technology Of YJACK In Bi-Directional
Pile Test).

Pre-installed sonic logging pipes will be used as the grouting pipe. The pre-cut of the pipes at the split zone level will break and
detach to allow the grout to flow across the split zone. The grouting process will use 1 pipe as the in-flow pipes for the grout
to flow across the split zone and the remaining pipe will serve as the out-flow pipe.

Load Transfer Pile Area after Grouting Stage 1

Plan View – After Mechanism 3 Plan View – After Grouting the Split Zone
(load transfer pile area = 0%) (load transfer pile area = about 50%)

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In general, the YJACK split zone consists approximately 50% of the pile area (the remaining 50% are the empty spaces to
ensuring the concrete to flow freely from bottom to upper part of the jack location without blockages and formations of the
concrete soft layers during tremie pipe concreting). This 50% pile sectional area is sufficient to sustain the applied stress from
pile top as illustrated below:

In general, based on Malaysian local practices for the acceptance criteria for load test in twice the working load shall be less
than 38mm.

Grouting Stage 2 at Hydraulic Hose

The platform technology YJACK is Flat Jack Technology (patented technology in 2010). The sealing technology of Flat Jack is
using the bladder sealing, similar to basketball bladder, with excellent sealing performance.

The inlet of the Flat Jack will be sealed by grouting the hydraulic hoses as illustrated below:

Once the hydraulic hoses sealed, the oil will remain inside the hydraulic cylinder forever to resist any external force (or
pressure), such as the loading from the pile top section above the YJACK.

Load Transfer Pile Area After Grouting Stage 2

Plan View – Before Sealing the YCELL Plan View – After Sealing the YCELL
(load transfer pile area = about 50%) (load transfer pile area = 100%)

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8.0 WORK MATRIX

No Item Scope of Works Remarks

[S] [D] [C]
A YJACK Consumables
1 YJACK apparatus √ Whole set of instruments, pipes, hoses,
2 Calibration certificates √ telltales used for BD pile test
3 Hydraulic hoses √ instrumentations will be supplied by
4 Telltale wires √ Distributor
5 Pipes to protect hoses and wires √

B Man Power during Installation

1 Welding: YJACK Installation √ The welder shall be competent so that YJACK
2 General workers (when required) √ integrity is maintained
3 Supervision: YJACK installation √

C Equipment during Installation

1 Welding set √ Service crane to lift YJACK; or use boring rig
2 Service crane √

D Setup for BD Pile Test

1 Reference beam √ Generally provided by Distributor or 3rd party
2 Lighting √ such as testing service provider
3 Shelter √
4 24hr electricity √
5 Testing Platform √

E Reusable Material for BD Pile Test

1 Hydraulic pump and pressure gauge √ Generally provided by Distributor or 3rd party
2 LVDTs √ such as testing service provider
3 Data logger √
4 Wheels & weights √

[S] YJACK Supplier; [D] Appointed Distributor; [C] Piling/Main Contractor

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9.0 YJACK INSTALLATION QA/QC

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10.0 TECHNICAL CHIEF

Mr. WAI, Yee Kong, 25 years in piling and testing industry since 1991 (Attachment A&B):
 1991: Bachelor in Civil Engineering (Hons), UTM
 1991: Research Officer in dynamic pile testing (hardware & software), UTM
 1994: Pile Test Engineer in private firms
 2000: USPTO Patent Holder for new dynamic pile test method (YLOAD Method, the 3rd revolutionary theory)
 2004: Certified Pile Test Engineer (Advance Level), Deep Foundation Institute/USA
 2008: Key Trainer in dynamic pile testing (Asia Pacific Countries)
 2014: MyIPO Malaysian Patent for static pile load test method (YJACK bi-directional pile load test on driven piles)
 2015: PCT World Patent for static pile load test method (YJACK bi-directional pile load test on driven piles)
 2015: Int’l Invention and Innovation Expo (ITEX15) Gold Medal for YJACK
 2015: Int’l Construction Industry Council (CIC) Innovation Award 2015 for YJACK
 2016: Int’l Global CleanTech Innovation Program (GCIP) Award 2016 for YJACK
 2016: Appointed Advisory Panel Member for Construction Industry Competency Blueprint, CIDB Malaysia

Mr. Wai is the Founder and Executive Vice President (Technical) of the company for all the technical cum operational matters.
He has 25 year experiences in static and dynamic pile testing, and became Certified Pile Test Engineer (Advance Level) in 2004,
accredited by Deep Foundations Institute, United States (DFI/USA).

He is the inventor and has the technical know-how of the YJACK. He leads a team of engineers and technicians in Asia Pacific
Countries in the productions and installations of the YJACK.

As an entrepreneur, Mr. Wai had established good reputations and contacts with governments, clients, contractors and
counterparts in the industry. His technical expertise is beyond doubt in the pile testing industry. He is always the point of
reference for the consultants and engineers if any issue pertaining to the pile testing arises.

He had also presented many technical papers in the international conferences:

 Dynamic Pile Test Tech Paper 1997 – Impact Load Analogy in Pile Driving (Hong Kong)
 Dynamic Pile Test Tech Paper 2003 –Pile Talk 2003 New Breakthrough in Testing (Malaysia)
 Dynamic Pile Test Tech Paper 2003 – Impact Load Theory - A New Testing Method (China)
 Dynamic Pile Test Tech Paper 2003 – Advance Analysis in Low-Strain Pile Integrity Test (China)
 Dynamic Pile Test Tech Paper 2005 – Conventional and Innovative Methods in Pile Driving and Testing (Indonesia)
 Dynamic Pile Test Tech Paper 2013 – 22 Years Experiences in High-Strain Dynamic Load Test (PILE2013 Indonesia)
 Static Pile Test Tech Paper 2013 – State-Of-The-Art of YJACK in Bi-Directional Pile Test (PILE2013 Indonesia)

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 ANNEXURE

YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven pile.
 YCELL Product Specifications ANNEXURE O

Unit Weight (approx)

Piston Stroke (max)

Norminal Pressure

Tested Pressure
Outer Diameter

Nominal Force
Effective Area
Physical Area
YCELL Model
YCELL Series

Jack Height
Wall Thick
D T H H1 W A Ae F P P1
mm mm mm mm kg mm2 mm2 kN MPa MPa
YCELL 325 4GYJ2D325 325 10 140 120 28 73,062 67,500 1,350 20.0 22.0
YCELL 325 4GYJ2D325s 325 10 140 120 28 73,062 67,500 1,650 24.4 26.9
YCELL 325 4GYJ3D325 325 10 140 120 28 73,062 67,500 2,000 29.6 32.6
YCELL 325 4GYJ4D325 325 10 140 120 28 73,062 67,500 2,800 41.5 45.6
YCELL 425 4GYJ2D425 425 14 140 120 46 123,786 117,500 2,350 20.0 22.0
YCELL 425 4GYJ2D425s 425 14 140 120 46 123,786 117,500 2,600 22.1 24.3
YCELL 425 4GYJ3D425 425 14 140 120 46 123,786 117,500 3,000 25.5 28.1
YCELL 425 4GYJ4D425 425 14 140 120 46 123,786 117,500 3,800 32.3 35.6
YCELL 500 4GYJ2D500 500 25 140 120 88 159,044 145,500 3,100 21.3 23.4
YCELL 500 4GYJ2D500s 500 25 140 120 88 159,044 145,500 4,050 27.8 30.6
YCELL 500 4GYJ3D500 500 25 140 120 88 159,044 145,500 4,950 34.0 37.4
YCELL 500 4GYJ4D500 500 25 140 120 88 159,044 145,500 5,800 39.9 43.8
YCELL 340 4GYJ5D340 340 18 140 120 40 72,584 67,500 3,100 45.9 50.5
YCELL 440 4GYJ5D440 440 22 140 120 60 123,163 117,500 5,300 45.1 49.6
YCELL 510 4GYJ5D510 510 30 140 120 100 159,044 145,500 6,900 47.4 52.2
DONUT 665 4GYJDN665 665 30 140 120 200 hole = 340 153,500 6,900 45.0 49.4
DONUT 800 4GYJDN800 800 55 140 120 300 hole = 340 233,500 10,500 45.0 49.5
Effective Date: 20180601

AUTHORIZED BY: YJACK TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD YCELL TYPE PROJECT ID: YJMY-YCELLPRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS

PREPARED BY: WAI YK YCELL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS DOCUMENT ID: YJMY-20180601-ST-01-V00

CHECKED BY: ELLAINE TSEN SCALE: 1:25 (A4) ISSUED DATE (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/06/01
 YJACK Balance Level Computation ANNEXURE A
Testpile ID: BP1200 Pile Type = Bored Pile
Ground Level 0.0 m Pile Diameter, D = 1.20 m
Cut-Off Level 0.0 m Working Load, WL = 11360 kN
Safety Factor (F.O.S) = 2
Test Load, TL = 22720 kN
Apply Load in F(1D), AL = 1*WL = 11360 kN
Upper Friction, F(upper) L(upper) = 19.3 m
Soil friction Coefficient, Ks = 2.0
Soil base Coefficient, Kb = 30.0
F.O.S (friction) = 2.0
YJACK Level YJACK Type B 19.3 m F.O.S (base bearing) = 2.0

Lower Friction, F(lower) L(lower) = 2.0 m Ult Soil Friction, fss (Limit) = 200 kN/m2
Ult Rock Friction, fsr (Limit) = 744 kN/m2
Toe Level 21.3 m Ult Base Bearing in Soil, fbs (Limit) = N/A kN/m2
Base Bearing, E(base) Ult Base Bearing in Rock, fbr (Limit) = 5854 kN/m2

Upper Friction, F(upper) > 11360 kN

Lower Friction, F(lower) + E(base) > 11360 kN

Balance Equation: F(upper) = F(lower) + E(base) Proposed Balance Level at Depth = 19.3 m

The Meyerhof geotechnical capacity of pile is based on borehole # BH-1 (sample)

Depth Skin Friction Base Bearing Ult Load
Db Type Remarks SPT-N N-ave Remarks
(m) Ks fs (kPa) fs (kN) S Fs (kN) Kb fb (kPa) fb (kN) (kN)
0 0 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
1.5 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
3.0 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
4.5 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
6.0 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
7.5 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
9.0 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
10.5 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
12.0 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
13.5 1.5 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
14.7 1.2 Soil 0 0 2.0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0
15.0 0.3 Rock Limestone 744 841 841 30 5854 6621 7462
16.0 1.0 Rock Limestone 744 2805 3646 30 5854 6621 10267
17.0 1.0 Rock Limestone 744 2805 6451 30 5854 6621 13072
19.3 2.3 Rock Limestone 744 6451 12902 30 5854 6621 19523 ← YJACK Level
21.3 2.0 Rock Limestone 744 5610 18512 30 5854 6621 25132 ← YJACK Level

Notes:
Rock socket length = 6.6m
Hit rock = 14.7m
To ignore soil friction

YJACK Test Pile BP1500mm; Working Load 11,360kN; Test Load 22,720kN
Project: Sample Method Statement @ BP1200 (sample)
AUTHORIZED BY: YJACK TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD YJACK TYPE B PROJECT ID: YJMY-SAMPLE-BP1200

PREPARED BY: WAI YK YJACK BALANCE LEVEL DOCUMENT ID: YJMY-20180601-ST-01-V00

CHECKED BY: ELLAINE TSEN SCALE: 1:25 (A4) ISSUED DATE (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/08/11
 YJACK Loading Schedule Table ANNEXURE D
Testpile Data YJACK Data
Pile Type: Bored Pile YCELL Model: 4GYJ3D325
Pile Size: 1,200 mm YCELL Stroke: 80 mm
Test Load of 1*WL in F(BD): 11,360 kN YCELL Capacity in F(BD): 4,000 kN
Test Load of 2*WL in F(BD): 22,720 kN YCELL Effective Area: 67,500 mm2
Test Load of 3*WL in F(BD): N/A kN YCELL Quantity: 6 NOS
Apply Load at 1*WL in F(1D): 5,680 kN YJACK Capacity in F(BD): 24,000 kN
Apply Load at 2*WL in F(1D): 11,360 kN YJACK Effective Area: 405,000 mm2
Apply Load at 3*WL in F(1D): N/A kN YJACK Effective Diameter: 718 mm

Loading Schedule Table for Maintain Load Test (MLT) using YJACK Type B (sample)
Working Apply Pressure Pressure Holding Read Test Remarks
Load Load in F(1D) Reading Reading Time Time Load F(BD)
(%) (kN) (N/mm²) (BAR) (min)* (min) (kN)
25 1,420 3.5 35.1 20 0,10,20 2,840
50 2,840 7.0 70.1 20 0,10,20 5,680
75 4,260 10.5 105.2 20 0,10,20 8,520
100 5,680 14.0 140.2 360 0,15,30,45,60 11,360
75 4,260 10.5 105.2 20 0,10,20 8,520
50 2,840 7.0 70.1 20 0,10,20 5,680
25 1,420 3.5 35.1 20 0,10,20 2,840
0 0 0.0 0.0 60 0,15,30,45,60 0
25 1,420 3.5 35.1 20 0,10,20 2,840
50 2,840 7.0 70.1 20 0,10,20 5,680
75 4,260 10.5 105.2 20 0,10,20 8,520
100 5,680 14.0 140.2 20 0,10,20 11,360
125 7,100 17.5 175.3 20 0,10,20 14,200
150 8,520 21.0 210.4 20 0,10,20 17,040
175 9,940 24.5 245.4 20 0,10,20 19,880
200 11,360 28.0 280.5 720 0,15,30,45,60 22,720
150 8,520 21.0 210.4 20 0,10,20 17,040
100 5,680 14.0 140.2 20 0,10,20 11,360
50 2,840 7.0 70.1 20 0,10,20 5,680
0 0 0.0 0.0 60 0,15,30,45,60 0
* 60 min or settlement rate less than 0.25mm/hr (whichever longer) 1520 test duration in minutes
25.33 test duration in hours
WL: Working Load; BD: Bi-directional load; 1D: Single or uni-directional load

YJACK Test Pile BP1200mm; Working Load 11,360kN; Test Load 22,720kN
Project: Sample Method Statement @ BP1200 (sample)
AUTHORIZED BY: YJACK TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD YJACK TYPE B PROJECT ID: YJMY-SAMPLE-BP1200

PREPARED BY: AMIRUDDIN AHMAD YJACK LOADING SCHEDULE DOCUMENT ID: YJMY-20180801-ST-01-V00

CHECKED BY: ELLAINE TSEN SCALE: 1:25 (A4) ISSUED DATE (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/08/01
ANNEXURE E
ANNEXURE E
ANNEXURE E
ANNEXURE E
 ANNEXURE E
China Intell-Equipment Designer Co Ltd (OEM of Piston Jack and Flat Jack)
No 4, Dongdajie, Gangkouzhen, Changping District, Beijing, PR China, Postcode: 102202
Piston Jack Manufacturer since 2006 | Flat Jack Manufacturer since 2010 (Patent #: CN201694784U)
OJACK Pile Test Service Provider since 2006 | YJACK Pile Test Service Provider since 2010

Hydraulic Jack Calibration Report

Test Type: Pressure Test on Flat Jack
Test Date: 2018/APR/02
Test Procedure: JJG/621-2012 (verification requlation for hydraulic jack)
Client Name YJACK Technology Sdn Bhd, Malaysia (exclusive distributor of Flat Jack)

Hydraulic Jack 2000T Frame

Jack Type: Flat Jack (Patent #: CN201694784U)
Jack Trademark: YCELL
Jack Model: YJ2D325
Ex-Factory ID: D31806010
Outer Diameter: 325 mm
Effective Area: 67500 mm2
Design Pressure: 24 MPa

Test Plot Test Data

Pressure Load
Load (kN) vs Pressure (MPa) Gauge Cell
1800 (MPa) (kN)
y = 70.257x - 50.267 4 240
1600
R² = 0.9999 8 506
1400 12 787
1200 16 1070
Load (kN)

20 1357
1000
24 1640
800
600
400
200
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Pressure (MPa)

Regression Equation: y = mx + c (values of m & c, refer the regression plot above)

Load (kN) = m*Pressure (Mpa) + c

Calibration equation is regressed based on the calibration results; where,

y is the output of the Load in kN, x is the input of Pressure in MPa.

Tested By: Mr YU/SONGLIN Witnessed By: Mr WAI/YEEKONG

China Intell-Equipment Designer Co Ltd YJACK Technology Sdn Bhd, Malaysia

 ATTACHMENT A

YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven pile.
RESUME 20180101
Mr. WAI/YEE KONG (2421256536@qq.com)

Professional Competency
Pile Test Engineer
Competency Level: L8 (highest)
Pile Test Skill
Personal Details
Year of Birth: 1967
Address Line1: 16, Jalan 5/108C, Taman Sungai Besi
Address Line2: 57100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Email: yekong2012@gmail.com | yekong2012@live.com
Website: www.YJACKpiletest.com

Static Pile Load Test Education

Static Compression : Excellent
Bi-Directional: Excellent 1991 Bachelor in Civil Engineering (Hons)
Pile Instrumentation: Excellent
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Dynamic Pile Load Test
High Strain: Excellent Careers
Two Point: Excellent
Impact Load: Excellent 2014 YJACK Professional Group (Chief Technical Officer)
Rapid Test: Intermediate 2008 Technostar Professional Group (Chief Technical Officer)
Statnamic Test: Intermediate 1997 Traswaja Pile Testing Sdn Bhd (Technical Director)
1995 Dynamic Pile Testing Sdn Bhd (Technical Manager)
Dynamic Pile Integrity Test
Low Strain: Excellent 1994 Soil Dynamics (M) Sdn Bhd (Pile Test Engineer)
Ultra Sonic: Excellent 1991 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (Pile Test Research Officer)
Tube Wave: Excellent
Certifications
Dynamic Pile Imaging Test
Pile Verticality: Excellent
2004 Certified Pile Test Engineer (Advance Level, DFI/USA)
TV Video: Excellent
2000 USPTO US Patent Holder (YLOAD Dynamic Pile Test Method)
Parallel Seismic: Excellent
2014 PCT World Patent Holder (YJACK Static Pile Test Method)
Pile Analysis Skill
Publications
CAPWAP: Excellent
ASIAWAP: Excellent 1997 Impact Load Analogy in Pile Driving (Hong Kong)
RSMWAP: Excellent 2003 New Breakthrough Technology in Pile Testing (Malaysia)
RSIWAP: Excellent 2003 Impact Load Theory – A New Testing Method (China)
ROCKSEA: Intermediate
2003 Advance Analysis in Low-Strain Pile Test (China)
TNO: Intermediate
SIMBAT: Intermediate 2006 Compatibility Study on Impact Load Theory (Malaysia)
UNIPILE: Intermediate 2013 22 Years Experience in High-Strain Pile Test (Indonesia)
2013 State-Of-The-Art of YJACK in BD Pile Test (Indonesia)
International Patents
Awards
YLOAD: Impact Load of pile driving
YLOAD: Impact Load of pile test 2015 Int’l Construction Council Innovation Award for YJACK
YJACK: Bi-Directional pile test 2016 High Impact Program2 (HIP2), Agency Innovation Malaysia
XJACK: Pile device to increase load 2017 Productivity Champion for YJACK, Malaysia Productivity Corp
 ATTACHMENT B

YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven pile.
 _______________________________________________________

Proceedings of International Conference Pile 2013, June 2-4 2013

_______________________________________________________

STATE-OF-THE-ART TECHNOLOGY OF Y-JACK IN BI-DIRECTIONAL PILE TEST

SL, Yu 1 and Yekong, Wai 2

ABSTRACT: The innovative pile testing that is categorized as a bi-directional test method (BD) obtained worldwide
popularity for very large pile load design. For pile load design exceeded test load of 30,000kN, BD is a practical and an
economical type of static load test method (SL). Presently, the most popular BD technology is using O-cell which was
introduced by Prof Osterberg in 1989. O-cell or mechanically called as O-Jack is a piston type hydraulic jack which is
embedded in the test pile for static load test. Load is applied bi-directionally from the jack to simulate static load test
using the top load method. In year 2007, Y-Jack is an innovative jack specially designed for BD static load test. It is
invented and named by Engineer Yu. Technically, Y-Jack is conceptually different in design compared to O-Jack with
more advantages. Functionality, both jacks are the same, i.e. to conduct BD pile test. The type of Y-Jack is a capsule
hydraulic jack, instead of piston hydraulic jack. This technical paper will introduce Y-Jack technology and its
installations and some comparisons to O-Jack.

Keywords: pile test, load test, pile load test, hydraulic jack, piston jack, capsule jack, static pile test, dynamic pile test

THE PILING AND TESTING DEVELOPMENT method is almost impossible due to technical constraints
and economical considerations.
Pile foundation has been widely used worldwide In order to solve pile testing problem on large cast in-
since thousands years ago. In convention, piling is a situ piles, a new technology was introduced in three (3)
terminology used in pile foundation for piles installed by decades ago by installing a hydraulic jack embedded in
pile driving hammers. Since last century, piling included the pile to conduct the pile load test. This new test
cast in-situ and injection piles. method is named as bi-directional pile load test (BD).
For driven piles installed by pile driving hammers, Table 1 is a glance on piling and testing methods.
the piling industry already gone through four (4) major
development (Wai, 2003), i.e.:-. Table 1. A Glance on Piling and Testing Methods
- Development 1: pile as rigid body Piling and Testing Methods vs. Test Load
- Development 2: impulse-momentum theory (1930s) SL+HS
- Development 3: wave mechanics theory (1960s) driven
- Development 4: impact load theory (2000s) SL+HS HS
For cast in-situ piles such as bored piles and caissons, driven (steel/offshore)
the trend of pile design became bigger and higher load SL+HS BD
since three (3) decades ago with following pile design bored piles
classifications:- SL+HS BD
- Small piles: test load less than 30,000kN caisson
- Large piles: test load more than 30,000kN 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 kN

For large pile testing, the BD pile test has

INTRODUCTION OF BI-DIRECTIONAL PILE TEST
For test load less than 30,000kN, the pile can be
tested either using static load test (SL) or dynamic load
test based on high-strain method (HS). However, for test
load more than 30,000kN, the test using SL or HS
unmatchable advantages.
- Unlimited test load, higher load lower unit cost
- Small work area, small headroom required
- Improved safety, no reaction system required
- Friction and end bearing ratio computed

1 Patent Holder, I-Equipment Co Ltd, Beijing, CHINA

2 International Technical Chief, PT Geoindo Technostar, Jakarta, INDONESIA

1|Page
M
e
c _______________________________________________________
h
a Proceedings of International Conference Pile 2013, June 2-4 2013
n _______________________________________________________
i WHAT IS BD PILE TEST results and the simulated SL test results will be
s illustrated in Figure 3(A) and 3(B).
m
A sacrificial and embedded hydraulic jack is cast
2 within the pile body.
o Upon application of load, the pile is separated into
i two sections and load is applied to both sections
l simultaneously and reacting against each other in two
directions; upward against upper skin friction and
f downward against base end bearing and lower skin
u
friction as illustrated in Figure 1.
l
l
y pile top
section
o
c upper
c skin friction
u
p
Figure 3(A). BD Load-Displacement Plot
y
embedded (Singapore Standard CP4: 2003)
t BD-jack
h
e pile bottom lower
section skin friction
b
l base
a end bearing
d
d Figure 1. BD Loading Mechanism
e Figure 3(B). Simulated SL Load-Displacement Plot
r (Singapore Standard CP4: 2003)
Practically, the BD pile test does not require reaction
beams, anchor piles or Kendledge during load applying.
However, technically BD is equivalent to SL test method.
THE HISTORY OF BD PILE TEST
In other words, BD simulates the SL results.
The BD is the test method used to conduct SL pile
load test. The hydraulic jack embedded in the pile to
conduct BD test is called as BD-jack.
Since the introduction of BD pile test in three (3)
decades ago, there are three (3) types of BD-jack:-
(1) Tomer Method (www.tomer-systems.com)
This is patented technology in Europe in the year
1978. However, this method is less popular
worldwide.
(2) Osterberg Method, O-Jack (Osterberg 1989)
This is patented technology in the USA in the
year 1989. Since then, it becomes worldwide
popularity. It is using friction sealing
Figure 2. Analogy of SL to be BD Test
components such as commonly used in
hydraulic jack.
With the analogy, as illustrated in Figure 2, if the SL
(3) Yu Method, Y-Jack (Yu 2007)
reaction system (either Kentledge or anchor piles)
This is patented technology in China in the year
covered by soil and apply loading, the system becomes
2007. Since then, it has become very popular in
bi-directional (BD). The hydraulic jack in SL test
China due to many advantages and cost
becomes BD-jack.
effective. It is using flexible capsule for sealing
The load applying on BD is exactly same as SL test
with a mechanism similar to basketball bladder.
method with designated loading steps. The BD test

2|Page
 _______________________________________________________

Proceedings of International Conference Pile 2013, June 2-4 2013

_______________________________________________________

WHAT IS Y-JACK testing to avoid pile damage caused by overloading on to

the pile material.
Y-Jack is a special jack designed for BD pile test. It In practice, many testing organizations fix 20-30mm
is invented and named by Engineer Yu. thick steel plates on top and bottom of BD-jacks in order
Presently, there are two (2) types of jacking and to enlarge the applied force bearing area.
sealing methods. However if the steel plates are too thin, the plates
(A) Friction Sealing will deform during load applied to BD-jack and over-
Use friction sealing components (sealing ring, stress the concrete.
piston ring and etc.) to ensure the sealing Appropriate steel plate thickness should be calculated
performance, such as commonly used hydraulic as per area ratio as illustrated in the Figure 5.
cylinder and jack. The main advantage is long
product life (thousands of time in applying load).
But the disadvantage is needed to be precisely
produced, hence cost relatively high.
(B) Bladder Sealing
Use flexible capsule for sealing. The mechanism
is similar to basketball bladder. The advantages
are excellent sealing performance with low
production cost. The disadvantage is relatively
short product life (few times in applying load).
Professional Y-Jack adopts capsule sealing
technology. That gives a more reasonable product value
which avoids too wasteful long life of normal sacrificed
test jacks. Meanwhile it offers lower height, larger
loading area, lower oil pressure and safer loading results.
The cross-section details of Y-Jack are illustrated in Figure 5. Steel Plate Thickness in BD Test
the Figure 4.
For a piston diameter of 300mm, for a loading
Cylinder Shell delivery pressure of 40MPa, the steel plate should be
Piston Shell thicker than H＝0.212*d＝62mm to ensure the bearing
Bladder strength of the plate to the pile is less than 20MPa.
Concrete (part of pile) Due to Y-Jack mechanical design is a capsule type of
hydraulic jack instead of piston type, the large surface of
cylinder shell will ensure a low bearing stress on to the
pile.
The Y-Jack has the following loading mechanism as
illustrated in Figure 6.

Mechanism 1
pump oil into the concrete at pile
Figure 4. Y-Jack Cross-Section Details bladder body is intact

Mechanism 2
THE Y-JACK LOADING MECHANISM oil fully occupy concrete will split
the bladder at split zone
Y-Jack is designed to load low pressure (20-30MPa)
onto pile body to ensure the pressure applied on the pile
is less than the pile structural capacity. Mechanism 3
In practice, many piles were designed as a high high oil pressure pile body split to
open up the shells sections
concrete material, but the pile actual strength usually
does not meet the designed value due to the complex
positions of the BD-jack and low flow-ability of Figure 6. Y-Jack Loading Mechanism
sediments. Therefore, the safe loading is essential in BD

3|Page

_______________________________________________________
THE ADVANTAGES OF Y-JACK
Due to many advantages since the introduction of Y-
Jack in year 2007, it gains popularity very quickly. The
advantages are:-
Flexible Assembly and Low Cost:
Y-Jack adopts standardized and serialized
manufacturing mode. Y-Jacks are mass
productions, hence lower the unit costs. Users
select appropriate specification of Y-Jack under
various situations and weld them to freely form
up different combinations and sizes of Y-Jack
as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Flexible Assemble of Y-Jack
Bigger Space for Concrete to Flow:
In order to provide more free spaces for concrete
flowing throughout the Y-Jack and to reduce
cavities, Y-Jack enables abandoning top and
bottom steel plates. As the result, the concrete
flows fluently through the Y-Jack without
sediments clogging. Sediments will form low
stress concrete.
Y-Jack
1 maintain consistent quality
Y-Jack Y-Jack
6 2
hole for
tremie
pipe
Y-Jack Y-Jack
5 3
Y-Jack
4 pile sections to form the whole intact pile (not
Figure 8. Bigger Space for Concrete to Flow
_______________________________________________________
Proceedings of International Conference Pile 2013, June 2-4 2013
Pile Body & Y-Jack Intact Together
After concreting and before the loading, the pile
body will be intact together with Y-Jack. The Y-
Jack cylinder shell and piston shell rigidly
connect upper and lower parts of the pile body.
In other words, the Y-Jack is “embedded” in the
pile body. Obviously, there are no spaces or
cavities generating within the Y-Jack after
concreting (before loading).
before loading
after loading
Figure 9: Pile Body & Y-Jack Intact Before Loading
Low Apply Load Limited to 30MPa:
Y-Jack uses low-medium pressure to meet the
testing requirement, i.e. not over-stress the pile
material with loading that is usually not higher
than 30MPa. It will reduce the risk of
unexpected crush at the contact faces of the pile
during loading. Thus, the safety and the success
rate can be enhanced.
In summary, the advantages are:
 Y-Jacks are easy handling and very mobility in
remote area
 Y-Jacks can be calibrated at the factory prior to
mobilize to project site
 Assembly at the site is relatively easy and
simple
 Multiple Y-Jacks can achieve very high load
(unlimited)
 Y-Jacks are mass productions, hence lower the
costs per unit test load
 Manufactured in a factory and pass QA/QC to
 Y-Jack is a closed form super press jack that no
hydraulic leakage (no oil seal ring)
 The pressure of Y-Jack is limited to 20MPa (for
high bearing design pile, limited to 30MPa)
 The Y-Jack location only occupies < 50% pile
section area for the concrete to flow fluently
 Y-Jack is “embedded” in the top and bottom
separated)
4|Page
 _______________________________________________________

Proceedings of International Conference Pile 2013, June 2-4 2013

_______________________________________________________

THE DIFFERENT OF Y-JACK AND O-JACK - Pile Type: cast in-situ bored pile
- Pile Length: 54.0m
Technically, Y-Jack is conceptually different in - Pile Diameter: 1200mm
design compared to O-Jack with more advantages. - BD Location: 35m from top
Functionally, both jacks are the same, i.e. to conduct BD - Working Load: 8,000kN (800T)
pile test. - Test Load (ult.): 16,000kN (1,600T)
The Y-Jack and O-Jack have three (3) major - Factor of Safety: 2.0
differences:-
(1) Mechanical Design Y-Jacks are produced in standardized mass
production. Table 2 is the sample specification table of
Y-Jack.

Table 2. Y-Jack Specification

Y-Jack Rated Nominal External
Model Pressure Force Diameter
(MPa) (T) (mm)
The loads are applied by The loads are applied by
YJ2D300 ≈ 20 135
using hydraulic capsule using hydraulic jack
YJ2D300s ≈ 25 165 330
units units
YJ3D300 ≈ 30 200
(2) Top and Bottom Steel Plates YJ2D400 ≈ 20 235
YJ2D400s ≈ 23 260 430
YJ3D400 ≈ 27 300
YJ2D500 ≈ 20 310
YJ2D500s ≈ 28 405 500
YJ3D500 ≈ 34 495
No steel plates and the Steel plates located at
Y-Jack only occupy bottom & top of the From the Y-Jack specification table, select model
relatively small cross- O-Jack which occupy YJ2D500. Apply Load 310T on Y-Jack will generate a
section, hence the most of the cross- bi-directional load = 310*2 = 620T. Quantity Y-Jack
concrete can flow section, hence block required = 1,600/620 = 3nos.
upward fluently the concrete to flow

(3) Concrete Fluently Flow

Model: YJ2D500 Model: YJ2D300

By referring the above diagram for model YJ2D500,

Due to concrete can
flow upward easily,
hence the contact
points at bottom are
100% intact. Accurate
measurement.
THE Y-JACK SELECTION EXAMPLE
The following will demonstrate an example to install
Y-Jack:-
Due to difficulty of the Y-Jack orientation in 1,200mm diameter pile will be
concrete to flow, the very congested in the pile center for allowing the
bottom of the cells concrete tremie pipe to lower down to pile bottom for
may not fully intact. concreting. Hence the selection of model YJ2D500 is not
Measurement may not appropriate.
accurate. By re-select model YJ2D300. Apply Load 135T on
Y-Jack will generate a bi-directional load = 135*2 =
270T. Quantity Y-Jack required = 1,600/270 = 6nos.
By selecting model YJ2D300, the Y-Jack orientation
in 1,200mm diameter pile will have sufficient space for
concrete tremie pipe.

5|Page
 _______________________________________________________

Proceedings of International Conference Pile 2013, June 2-4 2013

_______________________________________________________

CONCLUSION

The innovative design of Y-Jack with mass

production in a factory allows the cost of BD pile test
reduces substantially. The implementation of Y-Jack
BD pile test enables the pile design for large diameter
pile become possible to carry out the pile load test. For
pile load design exceeded test load of 30,000kN, BD is a
practical and an economical type of static load test
method.
After three (3) decades of development, BD tests
obtained worldwide acceptance especially in developed
and rich countries such as United States, Europe, Middle
East and Singapore. These countries adopting BD tests
because many of their skyscraper buildings are using
large pile designs.
Without BD test method, to verify pile bearing
capacity with high design load is almost impossible due
to technical constraints and economical considerations in
conducting pile load test.

REFERENCES

Yekong, Wai (2006), “Impact Load Theory – A New

Theory In Pile Driving And Its Compatibility Study
Compared To Hiley And Case Methods”, Asia
Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction
Conference 2006 (APSEC 2006).
Osterberg, J.O., (1989), “New device for load testing
driven piles and Drilled Shafts separates friction and
end bearing”, Proceedings International Conference
on Piling and Deep Foundations.
SL, Yu (2011), “Patent Number: CN201694784U”,
Chinese Patent And Trademark Office.

6|Page
 ATTACHMENT C

YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven pile.
YJACK | World’s Patent. The best bi-directional pile test on bored and driven piles.