Buha Habibah Majiid Tampubolon

1704231
5A
Statistics
Probability
Probability is a mathematic that deals with calculating. Probability is often associated with
at the very least one event and this event can be anything. Probability is never retroactive.
Probability is defined as a number between 0 and 1 representing the likelihood of an event
happening as a percentage from 0 to 100 percent. Basically, probability will show us an outcome
result, either its heads or tails when we flip a coin. There are four perspectives on probability,
which are:
a. Classical
This perspective has the advantage that it is conceptually simple for many situations,
but it is limited, since many situations do not have finitely many equally likely
outcomes. Partly on theoretical and empirical probability and partly on attitude,
motivation, and experience.
b. Empirical
This perspective that describe that the true probability is the limit of tosses. The
disadvantages are the experiment, for some experiment could never be in practice be
carried out more than once. Another disadvantage of empirical perspective is that it
leaves open the question of how large to be before we get a good approximation. Based
on past experience. Empirical probability has 0.2 chance of success in the future.
Empirical and theoretical probabilities may or may not match
c. Subjective
Subjective probability is an individual person's measure of belief that an event will
occur. With this view of probability, it makes perfectly good sense intuitively to talk
about the probability that the Dow Jones average will go up tomorrow. The
disadvantage is subjective probability is can be applied to one data only. It cannot be
applied to other data. It also has to be coherence in order to be workable.
d. Axiomatic
The axiomatic is the perspective that need coherence conditions needed for subjective
probability.
In combining separate probabilities we have to determine the individual probability of each
event. There are three rules of combine separate probabilities, the multination rule, the addition
rule, and the venn diagram. The multiplication rule is to obtain the probability that all of two or
more separate and unrelated events will occur multiply their probabilities. For example, if we toss
three coins, each one has a probability of 0.125. The addition rule is to calculate the probability
that at least one of several events will occur, for example eight-sided die, the probability of getting
each of them is 1/8, throwing one of these called mutually exclusive alternatives. The venn diagram
is very helpful when considering complicated problems of probability. The venn diagram represent
mathematical or logical sets pictorially. Still, the probability has randomness. A procedure rather
than an end product or procedure in getting the sample. One route to representativeness not the
only one and often and often not the best one.