Barretto, Jose Alberto Christopher D.
14-0235
APS102A
Confucianism
Founder Confucianism was founded by
Confucius and was developed
by Mencius.
Important Its most important works are
works the Five Relationships, the
Four books and Five Classics
of Confucianism that taught
people the proper way of
ethics and other virtues and
values.
One of Confucius taught that people
basic should have compassion for
teachings one an other, and to avoid
treating others in ways that
they themselves would not
wish to be treated: “What you
do not wish for yourself, do
not do to others.”
View on Confucianism’s view about
man man is that the essence of a
human being is based on the
virtue of Ren; denoting the
good feeling a virtuous human
experiences when being
altruistic/selfless.
View on Confucius advocated for true
role of justice and compassion on the
ruler/gove part of the ruler and the ruled.
Only by being a just ruler
rnment
would the ruler enjoy the
Mandate of Heaven and
continue to have the right to
rule. Confucius believed that
the key to good governance
lay in each man carrying out
his duties as prescribed by his
position within the hierarchy.
He stated: “Good government
consists in the ruler being a
ruler, the minister being a
minister, the father being a
father, and the son being a
son.” (Analects 12.11)
Taoism Legalism Buddhism
Taoism was founded by Legalism was founded Buddhism was
Lao-Tzu/Laozi by Han Feize, Shang founded by Buddha
Yang and Li Si Shakyamuni
Its most important Its most important Its most
works are texts such as work is that it upheld important works
the Tao Te Ching, the “rule of law,” as an are the Tripitaka
Zhuangzi, I Ching and ethical system and a
and Mahayana
Daozang. means of organizing
society.
Sutras
Death and Afterlife - “In One of the beliefs of A few of the basic
Taoism, life and death legalism is that people teachings of
are merely two aspects were bad by nature Buddhism is the
of reality, the and that they needed Four noble truths
unchanging Tao. Death to be controlled. and there is also the
is simply a Order was the most noble eightfold
transformation from important human path.
being to non-being; from concern.
yang to yin.”
Taoism states that man The legalist concept of Human existence, in
must place his will in human nature is that it the Buddha's view,
harmony with the is innately self- is nothing more
natural universe. interested and that than a composite of
if a person exerts his everyone acts five aggregates
will against or upon the according to one (Khandas). These
world he would disrupt principle: avoiding khandas come
the harmony that punishment while together at birth to
already exists, he would simultaneously trying form a human
go ‘against the flow of to achieve gains. person.
life’.
Unlike Confucianism, Legalists believed According to
Taosim favors that the head of the Buddhism, The
philosophical state was endowed ruler or king must
practice charity to
anarchism, pluralism with the “mystery of
everyone and must
and laisez-faire- authority” and that also practice
government. They are his decisions must priyavacana or kind
mainly believed to be always command speech. He must not
anti-authoritarian. the respect and use harsh words on
obedience of the anyone. Basically,
people. the ruler must be a
good and nice
person in general.
Sources:

Google
http://www.religionfacts.com/confucianism
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https://www.britannica.com/topic/Confucianism
http://www.angelfire.com/ok/bonnieboon/MON/confucianism.htm
http://confucius-1.com/teachings/
http://peopleof.oureverydaylife.com/taoism-teachings-beliefs-2589.html
http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/Chinese_Customs/taoism.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Legalism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalism_(Chinese_philosophy)
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Legalism
http://www.aboutbuddhism.org/history-of-buddhism.htm/
http://www.budsas.org/ebud/whatbudbeliev/229.htm