THERMODYNAMICS
THERMODYNAMICS
SYNOPSIS
THERMODYNAMICS: Reversible process :
* Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which
deals with transformation of heat energy into other
forms of energy or vice - versa.
* Thermodynamic system may be three types
a) Open System : It exchanges both energy and
matter with the surrounding.
b) Closed system : It exchanges only energy but
not matter with the system. i)
c) Isolated system : It exchange neither energy
nor matter with the surroundings. ii)
* Thermodynamical variables : These are
macroscopic physical quantities like pressure (P),
volume (V) and temperature (T) etc, which are Irreversible Process:
used to describe the state of the system.
* The relation between the thermodynamical
variables is called equation of state.
* Thermal equilibrium : It two systems are at same
temperature they are said to be in thermal
equilibrium.
Thermodynamic equilibrium : MODEL : I : JOULES LAW:
A system is said to be in thermodynamic Statement :
equilibrium when it is in a state of thermal,
mechanical and chemical equilibrium.
Thermodynamic process :
If the state of a system changes in such a way
that any of P, V, T etc. changes, the process is
called thermodynamic process.
Cyclic process:
It is a process in which the system after passing Def : Mechanical equivalent of heat is the amount
through a series of changes comes back to its
initial state.
Quasi-static process :
A quasi-static process can be defined as an
infinitesimally slow process in which the
system remains in thermal and mechanical
(thermodynamic) equilibrium with the
surroundings at each and every intermediate
stage.
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VOLUME - II
A process that can be retraced back in the opposite
direction in such a way that the system passes
through the same states as in the direct process,
and finally the system and the surroundings return
to their original states, with no other change any
where else is called a reversible process.
The conditions required for a process to be
reversible are
The changes must take place at an infinitesimally
slow rate.
The system must always be in thermal and
mechanical, equilibrium with the surroundings.
A process that can not be retraced back in the
opposite direction is called an irreversible process.
In an irreversible process the system does not pass
through the same intermediate states as in the
direct process, even if the same initial state is
reached.
The amount of work performed is directly
proportional to the amount of heat energy
produced.
w  H ; w = JH
Where J is a constant called Joule’s constant or
Mechanical equivalent of heat.
w
J= If H = 1 then J = w
H
of work that must be performed to produce
1 cal of heat.
The values of J :
J = 4.2 J/cal ; J = 4200 J/Kcal
7
J = 4.2  10 erg / Cal
J = 1 in S.I. units
Since Joule’s constant is the ratio of two energies,
it has no dimensions. It is a dimensionless
constant.
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VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
Applications : 5. An ice block of mass ‘M’ is moving with a velocity
1. A body of mass ‘m’ is falling from a height ‘h’ v, then the amount of ice that melt before it comes
when it reaches the ground its P.E is converted to rest is w = JH
into heat. So temperature of the body rises. 1
Mv2 = J mLice
w = JH 2
mgh = J mst
gh MV 2
m=
 Rise in temperature t = js 2JL Ice

Jst 6. If ‘p’ is the power in time ‘t’ sec then work done
Height from which it is dropped = h = work = power  time
g
this energy is used to rise the temperature of the
2. An ice block of mass ‘m’ is falling from a height body then w = JH
‘h’ on reaching the ground, if total ice melts then power  time = J mst
height is w = JH
7. In rotatory motion, if '' is the torque and '' is
mgh = JmLice
the angular displacement then w = .  .t .
JL ice
h=    t
g
Where '' is angular velocity w = JH
ie Height through which an ice block would fall to
melt completely is independent of mass. .t  j ms t

3. A bullet of mass ‘m’. Specific Heat ‘s’ is moving 8. If a body of mass ‘m’ moves a distance ‘S’ on a
with a velocity ‘v’ its temperature rises. When it rough horizontal surface, the amount of heat
is stopped by a target produced is w = JH
w = JH w FS mgS
H=  
1 J J J
mv2 = Jmst
2
MODEL - II :
v2
Rise in temperature t = 1. ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
2 Js
2
ie t  v If two bodies (systems) A and B are separately in
2 thermal equilibrium with a third system C then the
t 2  v2 
  first two must be in thermal equilibrium with each
t1  v1 
other.
velocity of bullet v = 2Jst This law leads to the concept of temperature.
If part of emergy is given to the target, rise of 2. FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
temperature of bullet = fraction remained with Amount of heat energy given to a system is the
v2 sum of increase in internal energy and external
bullet  work done by the system. This is another
2Js
statement of law of conservation of energy. First
4. An ice block of mass ‘M’ is moving on a rough
law of thermodynamics can be mathematically
surface of coefficient of friction ‘  ’. Let ‘m’ is
the mass of ice that melts after travelling a distance written as, Q  U  W
‘S’ then 3. SIGN CONVENTION:
w = JH  W
 Q
 MgS = JmLice [ w = F.S =  NS =  Mgs]
MgS
 Amount of ice that melts m = JL
ice

Mg.vt
m= ( S = vt)  Q
 W
JL ice
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 THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
\ i. Amount of heat given to system is + ve It is the amount of heat that must be added to
ii. Amount of heat given by system is –ve unit mass of a gas to increase its temperature
iii. Amount of work done on the system is -ve by 1oC when the volume is kept constant.
iv. Amount of work done by the system is +ve If the unit of mass considered is one mole,
4. INTERNAL ENERGY (U) then Cv is called molar specific heat capacity
i. Internal energy of a system is the energy at constant volume. If we consider m moles
possesed by the system due to (a) molecular of a gas,
motion and (b)Molecular configuration. At constant volume, Q = mcv dT =  U
ii. The energy due to molecular motion is called ( W = p V = 0)
internal kinetic energy Uk..
ii. Specific heat capacity of a gas at constant
iii. The energy due to molecular configuration is pressure :
called internal potential energy
It is the amount of heat that must be added to
Up. Thus, U=UK+UP.. unit mass of a gas to increase its temperature
iv. But in case of a perfect or ideal gas, there is by 1oC when the pressure is kept constant.
no inter molecular attraction, and hence If the unit mass considered is one mole, then
there is no potential energy.  U = Uk Cp is called molar specific heat capacity at
Hence for an ideal gas, the total K.E of all constant pressure.
molecules is called internal energy. For At constant pressure, heat given to system
such a gas the internal energy depends only is, Q = mcp T
on temperature. Relation between Cp and Cv
v. The change in internal energy of a gas can be
i. Cp-Cv = R (for 1 mole) -----> (1)
found by, U = mcv T
This is called Mayers relation.
vi. The change in internal energy of a gas depends
only on the initial & final states of the gas & ii. Cp/Cv =  -----> (2)
is independent of the path taken to change  depends on atomicity of gas.
that state. iii.  is always greater than one since Cp>Cv
5. EXTERNAL WORK DONE
iv. Cp and Cv in terms of  and R
i. The external work done by a gas in expanding
can be determined by W = pA.dx = p V from (1) and (2) Cp=  R/  –1 and
(or) W = p(V2-V1) Cv=R/  –1
ii. If in a process, the volume of system v. For any gas,  = 1+2/f
increases then the work is done by the system.
The work done by the system is taken as Where, f is the degree of freedom,
positive. vi.
iii. If the volume of system decreases then the R R Cp
Nature of gas Degrees of freedom C p  Cv  
work is done on the system. The work done  1  1 Cv
on the system is taken as negative. 5 3 5
Monoa tomic 3 R R
W =  R (T2 – T1) =  R T . 2 2 3
iv. If the pressure and volume both are variable 7 5 7
then the work done is given by, Diatomic 5 R R
2 2 5
v2
4
w  PV = Area between P – V curve
 Triatomic & 6 4R 3R
3
v1
Polyatomic
and volume axis. 1
MODEL III : vii. Fraction of heat converted into work =1–
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY OF A GAS 
Gases have two specific heats.  W (C p  C v ) T
 C 1
i. Specific heat capacity of a gas at constant  1 v 1 
 Q C p T Cp  
volume : 
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VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
viii. Fraction of heat energy supplied which in- 2. ADIABATIC PROCESS
creases the internal energy of a gas is 1/  . i. When a gas expands or contracts without
either gaining or giving up heat, the process is
U C v T CV 1 1
[ = C T = C = C / C = ] called adiabatic. i.e. Q is constant
Q p p p V    (or) Q = 0   U  W
Cp ii. It is a quick
Where  is ratio of specific heats  = P isothermal
CV process.
MODEL IV : iii. Adiabatic adiabatic
1. ISOTHERMAL PROCESS transformations:
i. If the expansion or compression of a gas V
takes place at constant temperature then it is
isothermal process. It is a slow process. * a. PV  = Constant (or) P1V1  P2 V2
ii. As temperature remain constant, there is no b. TV  – 1= Constant (or) T1V1  -1=T2V2  -1
change in internal energy. i.e; U = 0 ;  1    1    1 
     
 Q = W c. TP   = constant (or) T1P1
  
 T2 P2
  

iii. As temperature remain constant, Boyles law iv. Specific heat under adiabatic process is zero.
holds good, so, pv = constant
v. Adiabatic bulk modulus is E=  p
iv. Specific heat of a material during isothermal
operations is infinity. vi. Slope of adiabatic curve is  times more than
the slope of isothermal.
v. Isothermal bulk modulus of a gas = pressure
i.e., E = P vii. If the system is expanding, internal energy and
vi. Compressibility K= 1/E =1/P. temperature decreases.
vii. The graph plotted between P and V at viii. Work done in an adiabatic process is given
constant temperature is a rectangular by,
hyperbola. P1V1  P2 V2 RT1  RT2
viii. Work done in isothermal operations is W= =
 1  1
given by,
 R (T1  T2 )
V2 W=
1  1
W=  P V  RT  V V
V1 3. ISOBARIC PROCESS p
= nRT(log V) VV12 = nRT log V2  log V1  i. It is the process in which the
pressure of the gas remains
V  constant.
 W = nRT log e  2 
 V1  ii. pv graph is a straight line v1 v
parallel to volume axis. v 2
Where  is the number of moles of gas involved.
iii. Area under the graph gives work done.
iv. In this process as P remains constant,
v 
(or) W = 2.303  RT log10  2  Q  U  W (or)
 v1 
Q  U + P(V2 – V1) ( W  P V)
V2 P1
Since P1V1 = P2 V2 we have,  . 4. ISOVOLUMIC (or) ISOCHORIC PROCESS
V1 P2
P
P 
T log10  1 
 W = 2.303  RT
 P2 
ix. Melting of ice and boiling point of a liquid
are the examples of an isothermal change.
 V

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THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
i. It is the process in which volume remains ii. a working substance and
constant. iii. a cold Reservoir called a sink.
ii. Pv graph is a straight line parallel to pressure The working substance takes Q1 heat from the
axis source, convert a part (Q1 – Q2) into useful work
iii. Since volume is constant, w and gives out Q2 heat to the sink.
work done = W = P V = p(0)= 0
Efficieincy of heat engine
 Work done = O
iv.  W  0, Q  U
In Isochoric process, since no external work
is done, added heat is used to increase the
internal energy of the gas.
5. CYCLIC PROCESS
It is a process in which state of the system (P,V work done w
and T) is brought back to the original, in this =
heat taken from source Q1
process, U = 0 Q  W
Q1  Q 2 Q
 = 1  2
6. II LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS Q1 Q1
a. Kelvin - Planck statement : It is impossible If should be remembered that no engine has
for a self acting device unaided by any ever been designed which may convert all the
external agency which acting in a cycle to heat Q taken from the source into work w without
absorb heat from the source & convert whole giving any heat to the sink. i..e, for obtaining
of it into work. continuous work a sink is necessary. In another
(or) words we can say that all the heat taken from a
No process is possible whose sole result in body cannot be converted into work.
the absorption of heat from a reservoir and
the complete conversion of the heat into work. 2. REFRIGERATOR
b. Kelvins statement : It is impossible to Refrigerator is a heat engine running in backward
continuously derive work by extracting heat direction.
from a body & cool it below the lowest of The coefficient of performance of a refrigerator
the temperature of the surroundings. is
c. Clausius statement : It is impossible to
construct a machine which can transfer heat
from a cold body to a hot body without the
help of any external agency.
(or)
No process is possible whose sole result is heat extracted from cold reservoir Q 2
the transfer of heat from a colder object to a  =
work done on refrigerator W
hotter object.
Advantage : Q2 T2 1 1
=  = 
Second law of thermodynamics gives the Q1  Q 2 T1  T2  Q1   T1 
direction of flow of Heat Energy.  1  1
 Q 2   T2 
MODEL : V 3. CARNOTS HEAT ENGINE
1. HEAT ENGINE Carnot developed a plan of an idealised heat
A device by which heat is converted into engine free from all imperfectness of an actual
mechanical work is called a heat engine. There engine. It consists of
are 3 main parts of a heat engine. i. A cylinder with perfectly heat insulating walls
i. A hot Reservoir called a source but perfectly conducting base. The cylinder is
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VOLUME - II
closed with a tight-fitting perfectly insulating
and frictionless piston. A fixed mass of a gas
(working substance is filled in the cylinder).
ii. A hot body of infinitely large heat capacity at
a constant temperature T1. This serves as
source.
iii. A cold body of infinitely large heat capacity
at a constant. temperature T2. This serves as
a sink.
iv. A perfectly heat insulating stand. The engine
is based in a reversible cycle of following 4
operations in succession.
i. Isothermal expansion ii. Adiabatic expansion
iii. Isothermal compression iv. Adiabatic compression.
The efficiency of Carnot engine is given by
Q T
 1  2 1  2
Q1 T1
Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET
THERMODYNAMICS
Note:
1. Efficiency of Carnots engine is independed of
the nature of working substance.
2. Efficiency depends on the temperatures of heat
source and sink only.
3. Efficiency of Carnots engine cannot be 100%.
The reason is that for 100% efficiency either
T1 =  (or) T2 = 0 K which cannot be attained.
4. If T 1=T 2 ,  = 0. Thus the conversion of heat
energy into mechanical work is impossible without
having heat source & sink at different
temperatures.
5. It is not possible to convert whole of the heat
energy absorbed from the source completely into
mechanical work continuously without rejecting
a part of it to the sink.
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THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
PROBLEM SET 08. A bullet moving with some velocity is stopped
in a short time. The temperature rises by toC.
If the bullet moving with double the velocities
I. Joule’s Law : is stopped, the increase in temperature will
1. In water fall, assuming the water to fall from be
the height of 50 m, the difference between the to
temperature of water at the top and that at 1. toC 2. 4t oC 3. 2toC 4.
C
2
the bottom is (J = 4.2 J/cal)
09. A body moving on a rough surface suffers a
1. 10oC 2. 0.12oC 3. 1oC 4. 0.012oC change in velocity from 100 m/s to 50 m/s. If
2. A piece of lead falls from a height of 100 m the work done against the friction transfers
on a fixed non conducting slab which brings the energy to the body, the rise in temperature
it to rest. The temperature of the slab of the body is (S = 300 cal/kg–0C)
immediately after collision increases by 1. 3oC 2. 30oC 3. 0.3oC 4. 1.5oC
(specific heat of lead = 30.6 cal/kgoC and g 10. o
A block of ice at 0 C whose mass is initially
= 9.8 m/s2) 21 kg slides along a horizontal surface
1. 0oK 2. 27oC 3. 7.62oC 4. 4.2oK starting with an initial velocity of 2 ms–1 and
comes to rest. The ice melted as a result of
3. A steel ball of mass 0.1 kg falls freely from a
friction between the block and the table is
height of 10 m and bounces to a height of 5.4
m from the ground. If the dissipated energy 1 1 1
1. 1 gm 2. gm 3. gm 4. gm
in this process is absorbed by the ball, the rise 2 4 8
in temperature is (s = 460 J Kg–1 K–1) 11. An ice block is projected vertically up with a
(g = 10 ms–2) velocity 20 m/s. Find the amount of ice that
1. 0.01oC 2. 0.1oC 3. 1oC 4. 1.1oC meets when it reaches the ground if the mass
of ice block is 4.2 kg
4. Hail stone at 0oC falls from a height of 1 km 1. 2.5 gm 2. 2.5 kg 3. 0.25 kg 4. 0.25 gm
on an insulating surface converting whole of 12. A body of mass 2 kg is drawn with a velocity
its kinetic energy into heat. What part of it of 2 m/s on a horizontal table. If the coefficient
will melt? (g = 10 m/s2) of kinetic friction is 0.3 then calculate the
heat produced in 5 sec.
1 1  1  4
1. 2. 3.   10 1. 5 cal 2. 10 cal 3. 14 cal 4. 28 cal
33 8  33  13. Two spheres A and B of masses in the ratio
4. all of it will melt 1 : 2, specific heats in the ratio 2 : 3 from
5. A bullet of mass 100 gm moving with speed of heights h1 h 2 on reaching the ground, the
210 m/s is stopped suddenly. If all its kinetic increase in temperatures are the same. Then
energy is converted into heat. What is the h1
amount of heat produced in calories h2
is
1. 52.5  104 2. 5250 3.525 4. 5.25  10–2 1. 3 : 2 2. 9 : 4 3. 2 : 3 4. 4 : 9
6. A piece of ice at 0oC falls from rest into a lake 14. A cylinder of radius r and specific heat S is
of water which is also at 0oC and 5% of ice rotated about an axis passing through its
melts. Find the minimum distance from which centre and parallel to its length at a speed of
the ice falls n rotations per second. It is suddenly stopped
1.17.43 m 2. 1714.3 m 3.37.43 m 4.371.43 m and 50% of its energy is used in increasing
its temperature, then rise in temperature of
7. A lead bullet of 10 gm travelling at 300 m/s the sphere is
strikes against a block of wood and comes to
rest. If heat is shared equally between bullet 2n 2r 2 2n 2r 2
1. 2.
and target, the rise in temperature is (specific 4 JS 2 JS
heat of lead is 150 J/kg–k) 2 r 2 2 2n 2r 2
1. 100oC 2. 125oC 3. 150oC 4. 200oC 3. 4.
4n 2SJ 5 JS
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VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
15. A steel drill is making 180 rpm under a 22. When 1 gm of water at 0 C and 1  105 N/m2o

constant couple of 5 NM is drill a hole in 7 sec
in a metal block of mass 0.6 Kg. If its specific
heat is 0.1 C.G.S units, rise in temperature of
that block is
1. 1.3oC 2. 2.6oC 3. 5.2oC 4. 3.9oC
16. A kilowatt drill is used to bore a hole in a metal
block of mass 30 kg in 14 minutes. If 60% of
the power of drill is utilised to drill the rise in
temperature of the block is
(Specific heat of metal is 400 J Kg–1 K–1)
1. 110oC 2. 330oC 3. 210oC 4. 42oC
17. A heater rises the temperature of 10 kg of
water by 10oC in 5 minutes. If the same heater
rises the temperature of 30 kg of an oil by 10oC
and specific heat of water is twice that of oil
then time taken in this case is
1. 15 minutes 2. 10 minutes
3. 30 minutes 4. 7.5 minutes
II. First Law of Thermodynamics:
18. A gas is compressed at a constant pressure of
50 Nm–2 from a volume of 10 m3 to a volume
of 4 m3. Energy of 100 J is then added to the
gas by heating. Its internal energy is
1. increases by 400 J 2. increases by 200 J
3. increases by 100 J 4. decreases by 200 J
19. When an ideal gas in a cylinder was
compressed isothermally by a piston, the work
done on the gas was found to be 1.5  104 J.
During this process, about
1. 3.6  103 cal of heat flowed out from the gas
2. 3.6  103 cal of heat flowed into the gas
pressure is converted into ice of volume
1.091 cm3 the external work done will be
1. 0.0091 J 2. 0.0182 J
3. –0.0091 J 4. –0.0182 J
23. When 1 gm of water at 100oC is completely
converted to steam at 100 o C, occupies 1651
cc. The increase in the internal energy of the
molecule is (take the pressure = 10 5 Pa,
L = 540 cal/gm and J = 4.2 J/cal)
1. 2103 J 2. 2301 J 3. 210 J 4. 375 J
24. During an adiabatic expansion of 2 moles of
a gas, the change in internal energy is equal
to –84 J, the work done during the process is
1. zero 2. –84 J 3. 84 J 4. 48 J
Model – III :
25. 5 mole of oxygen is heated at constant volume
from 10oC to 20oC. What will be the change in
the internal energy of the gas in calaries (For
the gas C p = 7 Cal/gm-mole- o C and
R = 2 Cal/mole – oC)
1. 50 2. 100 3. 150 4. 250
26. The specific heat of gas at constant volume is
20 J mole–1 K–1. When two moles of such gas
is heated through 10oC at constant pressure
what is external work done?
1. 400 J 2. 234 J 3. 166 J 4. 282 J
27. The PV - graph for a thermodynamical system
is shown in figure. The work done by the
system in the process A to B is
A
 20
1. 90 J
Pressure P (N/m2)

3. 1.5  104 cal of heat flowed into the gas 2. 60 J 10 B

C
4. 1.5  104 cal of heat flowed out from the gas 3. 0 J
20. In a certain process 5 kcal of heat is supplied 4. 30 J
6 12
to the system and the system does 6000 J of Volume V (in 33)
work. If the initial internal energy of the
28. In Q. 27, the work done in the process B to C
system is 37 KJ then final value of its internal
is
energy
1. – 90 J 2. – 60 J 3. 0 J 4. –30 J
1. 22 KJ 2. 52 KJ 3. –22 KJ 4. –52 KJ
21. The volume of a gas under atmospheric 29. In Q. 27 the work done in the complete cycle
pressure is 2 litres on giving 300 Joules of ABCA is
heat to the gas its volume increases to 2.5 litres 1. 90 J 2. 60 J 3. 0 J 4. 30 J
at the same pressure. Determine the change 30. When a thermodynamic system is taken from
in internal energy of the gas [1 atmospheric state A to state B via path ACB (fig), 100 Cal
pressure = 105 N/m2 ] is given to the system and 60 cal work is done.
1. 250 J 2. 150 J 3. 100 J 4. 50 J Along the path ADB, the work done is worth
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THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
20 cal, the heat flowing into the system in this pressure is 8 atm, then n =
case would be 1. 4 2. 1 / 4 3. 2 4. 1 / 2
1. 120 cal P C B
39. A monoatomic ideal gas initially at 17 O C is
2. 40 cal suddenly compressed to 1 / 8 of its original
3. 140 cal A D volume. The temperature after compression
4. 60 cal V
becomes
O
1. 17oC 2. 136oC 3. 887Oc 4. None
31. One mole of an ideal gas requires 207 J heat 40. An ideal gas with pressure p volume V and
to raise the temperature by 10 K when heated temperature T is expanded isothermally to a
at constant pressure. If the same gas heated volume 2V. The final pressure is p1. If the same
at constant volume to raise the temperature gas is expanded adiabatically to a volume 2v,
by the same 10 K, then the heat require is and the final pressure is Pa, and the ratio of
1. 198.7 J 2. 215.3 J 3. 124 J 4. 24 J the specific heats of the gas is 1.67, pa / p1 is
32. 5 mole of oxygen is heated at constant volume 1 1
1. 1.67 2. 0.67 3. 21.67 4. 20.67
from 10oC to 20oC, given CP = 8 cal/mole/oC 2 2
and R = 8.36 J/mole/oC. The amount of heat
41. If R is universal gas constant and the
consumed by the oxygen is
temperature of a diatomic gas changes from
1. 100 cal 2. 200 cal 3. 300 cal 4. 400 cal 4T to T in an adiabatic process, work done is
33. 5 mole of gas were heated from 100oC to 120oC 15RT 15RT 3RT 12RT
at constant volume. The internal energy was 1. 2. 3. 4.
3 2 15 5
changed by 200 Joules. What is the specific
heat capacity of the gas? 42. Work done by 0.1 mole of a gas at 27oC when
1. 5 J mole–1 K–1 2. 4 J mole–1 K–1 it expands to double its volume at constant
3. 2 J mole–1 K–1 4. 1 J mole–1 K–1 pressure is (assume R = 2cal mole-1 K-1 )
1. 600 calories 2. 54 calories
34. When a heat of Q is supplied to one mole of a 3. 60 calories 4. 546 calories
monoatomic gas the work done by the gas is
Q/3. Then the molar heat capacity of the gas 43. For a given amount of gas at a given tempera-
at constant volume is ture when volume is increases to 10 times, the
work done is W. If the volume of the same gas
3R 5R 7R 9R is increased to 100 times at the same tempera-
1. 2. 3. 4.
4 4 4 4 ture, work done is
35. When a mono atomic gas expands at constant 1. 10W 2. 2W 3. W 4. W / 10
pressure, the percentage of heat supplied that
44. Work done on heating one mole of Helium
increases, the internal energy of the gas and
adiabatically through 0oC is W. Then the work
that which is involved in the expansion is
done on heating three moles of hydrogen adia-
1. 100%, 0 2. 0, 100% batically through the same change in tempera-
3. 60%, 40% 4. 40%, 60% ture is
36. Relation between molar specific heats for 3W 5W
hydrogen gas Cp – Cv = a and for oxygen gas 1. 3 W 2. 5 W 3. 4.
5 3
Cp – CV = b the relation between a and b is
45. Q  W and  U  0 is true for
1. a = 16 b 2. 16a = b 3. a = 4b 4. a = b
1. Isothermal process 2. adiabatic process
37. Relation between specific heats for hydrogen
gas C p – C v = a and for oxygen gas 3. Isobaric process 4. Isochoric process
Cp – Cv = b, the relation between a and b is 46. A gas at pressure of 76 Hg is compressed to
1. a = 16 b 2. 16a = b 3. a = 4b 4. a = b half of its original volume isothermally. The
Model – IV : final pressure will be
38. A gas at NTP is suddenly compressed to 1 / n 1. 38 Cm of Hg 2. 76 Cm of Hg
th of its original volume (  = 3 / 2 ). If its final 3. 152 Cm of Hg 4. 304 Cm of Hg
166 Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET
VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
o
47. At 27 C a gas is compressed suddenly such 54. The isothermal bulk modulus of a perfect gas
that its pressure becomes 1/8 of original at atmospheric prssure is
pressure. Final temp. will be (  = 5/3) 1. 1.03 105 newtons/m2
1. 420K 2. 300K 3.-142oC 4. 327oC
2. 1.03  10 6 newtons/m2
5 3. 1.03  1010 newtons/m2
48. A monoatomic gas   at a pressure P is sud-
3 4. 1.03  1011 newtons/m2
1 55. Thermodynamical system goes from state (i)
denly compressed to th of its volume adia-
8 P1, V to 2P1, V (ii) P1, V to P1, 2V then the work
batically, then the final pressure is done in the two cases is :
1. 8P 2. 5P 3. 32P 4. none 1. (i) zero (ii) Zero 2. (i) Zero (ii) P1V
49. During an adiabatic process, if the pressure 3. (i) P1V (ii) Zero 4. P1V (ii) P1V
of an ideal gas is proportional to cube of its 56. An ideal gas enclosed in a cylinder -piston
Cp arrangement undergoes an adiabatic
temperature the ratio   is compression of the following statements is
Cv
correct?
1 4 5 3
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. Q  0, U  0, W  4 J
5 5 3 2 2. Q  0, U  4 J, W   4J
50. Two samples of air x and y having the same 3. Q  0, U  W  4 J
composition & initially at same temp. & pres- 4. Q  0, U  4J, W  4J
sure are compressed from V to V/2 X is
57. The adiabatic elasticity of hydrogen gas at
compressed isothermally and Y adiabatically.
The final pressure is N.T.P. is (   1.4)
1. smaller for X 2. same for both 1. 1 10 5 newton per meter2
3. greater for X 2. 1 10 8 newton per metre2
4. not altered from initial value 3. 1.4 newton per metre2
51. During an adiabatic process the pressure p of 4. 1.4  105 newton per metere2
a fixed mass of an ideal gas changes by  p
58. A gas does 4.5 J of external work during
and its volume V changes by  V. The value of
adiabatic expansion. Its temperature falls by
V 2 K. Its internal energy will :
is given by
V 1. Increase by 4.5 J 2. decrease by 4.5 J
1.   P 2.  
P 3. decreae by 2.25 J 4. decreae by 9 J
P P 59. For a gas   5 / 3 , 800 cc of this gas is suddenly
1 P 1 P compressed to 100 cc. If the initial pressure is
3.  . 4.  2 .
 P  P P, then the final pressure will be
52. For an adiabatic expansion of a perfect gas,
P 24
P 1. 2. p 3. 8P 4. 32P
the value of is equal to 32 5
P
60. At N.T.P. one mole of diatomic gas is
1 / 2 V V
1.   ( ) 2. - compressed adiabatically to half of its volume
V V (   1.41) . The work done on gas will be
V 2 V
3. -  ( ) 4.  ( ) 1. 1280 J 2. 1610 J 3. 1815 J 4. 2025 J
V V
53. Slope of adiabatic curve is ----- times the slope 61. The adiabatic and isothermal volume elasticities
of an isothermal. E  and E  of a gas, are related as :
1 1 1. (E  / E  )   2. (E  / E  )  
1.  2. 3.  2 4.
 2 3. E   E    4. E   E   

Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET 167

THERMODYNAMICS
Model – V :
62. What is the approximate coefficient of
performance of a carnot refrigerator working
between 30oC and 0oC ?
1. 0 2. 1 3. 9 4. 10
63. A carnot engine is working between 127oC and
27 o C. The increase in efficiency will be
maximum when the temperature of
1. the source is increased by 50oC
2. the sink is decreased by 50oC
70. A heat engine whose sink at a temperature of
3. source is increased by 25oC and that of sink is
decreased by 25oC
4. both source and sink are decreased by 25oC each
64. A carnot engine working between 300 K and
600 K has a work output of 800J per cycle.
The amount of heat energy supplied from the 71. A heat engine converts th of input heat into
source to the engine in each cycle is
1. 800J 2. 3200J 3. 1600J 4. 6400J
65. A carnot engine takes 300 Cal of heat at 500 K
and rejects 150 Cal of heat to the sink. The
temperature of sink is
1. 1000 K 2. 250 K 3. 750 K 4. 125 K
66. The maximum amount of heat that can be
converted into mechanical enrgy in any process:
1. is 100%
2. depends upon the temperatures of intake
and exhaust
3. depends upon the amount of friction present
4. is the same for reversible and irreversible cycles
67. An ideal gas heat engine operates in a Carnot
cycle between 227 o C and 127 o C, it absorbs
4 calories at the higher temperature, the
6  10
amount of heat converted into work is equal to
1. 4.8  10 4 cal. 4
2. 3.5  10 cal.
3. 1.6  10 4 cal. 4. 1.2  10 4 cal.
68. The coefficient of performance of Carnot
refrigerator working between 30oC and 0oC is
1. zero 2. 1 3. 9 4. 10
69. A carnot engine uses first an ideal monoatomic
gas (  5 / 3) and then ideal diatomic gas
(  7 / 5) as its working substance. The source
and sink temperature are 411 o C and 69 o C
respectively and the engine extract 1000 J of
heat from the source in each cycle. Then
168
VOLUME - II
1. The efficiencies of the engine in the two
cases are in the ratio 21:25
2. The area enclosed by the PV diagram in the
frist case only is 500 J
3. The area enclosed by the PV diagram in both
case is 500 J
4. The heat energy rejected by the engine in
the first case is 600 J while that in the
second case is 714.3 J
300 k has an efficiency 40%. By how much
the temperature of source should be increased
to attain efficiency to 60%?
1. 250 K 2. 200 K 3. 300 K 4. 275 K
1
6
work. When temperature of sink is reduced by
1
62K the efficiency of engine becomes . The
3
temperature of source is
1. 362 K 2. 372 K 3. 392 K 4. 412 K
Assertion and Reason :
1. Both “A” and “R” are true and “R” is correct
explanation of “A”
2. Both “A” and “R” are true and “R” is not the
correct explanation of “A”.
3. “A” is true but “R” is false
4. “A” is false but “R” is true
72. A : A quasi static process should be a reversible
process.
R : In a reversible process the system must
always be in thermal and mechanical
equilibrium with the surroundings
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
73. A : If a metal plate and a wooden block at same
temperature, the metal plate appears to be
colder than the wooden block.
R : Metal Plate is a good conductor where as a
wooden block is a bad conductor
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
74. A : When a compressed metal spring dissolves
in an acid, the temperature of acid increases.
R : The potential energy of the spring increases
the internal energy of the acid
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET
VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
o
75. A : The internal energy of steam at 100 C is 79. Match the following
always greater than the internal energy of the List – I List – II
same quantity of water at 100oC a. Zeroth law of ther- e) W = JQ
R : Increase in internal energy of a substance modynamics.
may or many not rise its temperature b. Joule’s law f) Q  U  W
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 c. I law of thermodynamics g) change of entropy
76. A : Two steel blocks at temperatures T1 and T2 S  0
brought into thermal contact always come to d. II law of thermodynamics h) temperature
thermal equilibrium at the temperature 1. a – h ; b – e ; c – f ; d – g
T1  T2 2. a – g ; b – e ; c – f ; d – h
.
2 3. a – h ; b – g ; c – f ; d – e
R : The value of mean temperature at thermal 4. a – h ; b – f ; c – e ; d – g
equilibrium of two bodies depends on thermal
capacities 80. Match the following :
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 List – I List – II
77. A : Work done by a gas in isothermal expansion a) work done in isothermal e) P V
is more than the work done by the gas in the process
same expansion adiabatically.
 P1 
R : Isothermal process is a slow process where b) work done in adiabatic f)  RT loge  P 
adiabatic process is a quick process.  2
1.1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
 P1V1  P2 V2 
78. A : No heat engine can not convert whole of the c) work done in isochoric g)  
  1 
heat energy supplied to it into useful work.
R : It is possible to transfer heat energy from a process
body at a lower temperature to a body at a d) work done in isobaric h) zero
higher temperature by using external agency process
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 3. 4 1. a – e ; b – f ; c – g ; d – h
2. a – g ; b – f ; c – h ; d – e
3. a – f ; b – g ; c – h ; d – e
4. a – f ; b – g ; c – e ; d – h

Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET 169

THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
EXERCISE 90. If a body of mass 2 kg moves a distance 5m
on a rough horizontal surface, the amount of
Joules Law : heat produced is (g = 10 m/s2,  = 0.5)
81. If a bullet is suddenly stopped the rise in 1. 10J 2. 20 J 3. 50J 4. 100J
temperature is independent of 91. An ice block on striking ground melts
1. mass of the bullet completely. The height from which it must fall
2. material of the bullet is
3. velocity of the bullet 4. all the above 1. 34.3 km 2. 3.43 km
82. 0.2 kg steel ball falls from a height of 21m. 3. 343km 4. 0.343 km
If all the K.E. lost is converted into heat and
is absorbed by the ball, rise in temperature 92. A steel drill is making 180 rpm under a
in oC is (sp.heat of steel = 0.1 cal/gm-oc and constant torque of 5 N-m. If it drills a hole in
g = 10 m/s2) 7 sec in a steel block of mass 600gm, rise in
1. 5 2. 0.5 3. 2 4. 0.2 temperature of the block is (S = 0.1 cal/gmoC)
1. 2.6oC 2. 1.3oC 3. 5.2oC 4. 3oC
83. A block of ice falls from a height and
completely melts. If only 3/4th of the energy 93. A water drop evaporates if all its K.E. is
is retained by the block, the height of the fall converted into heat. If the atmospheric
in km should be temperature is 40o C and g = 10 m/s 2 the
1. 48.4 2. 84.4 3. 88.4 4. 45.8 height of fall of the drop is nearly
1. 4.2 km 2. 42km 3. 252km 4. 140 km
84. 2 kg ice block should be dropped from ‘x
km’ height to melt completely. The 8 kg ice Model - II :
should be dropped from a height of
94. The internal Energy ‘U’ is a unique function
x
1. 4x km 2. x km 3. 2x km 4. km of any thermal state, because change in U
2 1. does not depends upon path
85. A bullet travelling with velocity 100 m/s hits 2. depends upon path
a wall and its temperature increases by 50oC. 3. corresponds to an adiabatic process
If the speed of the bullet is 200 m/s then the 4. corresponds to an isochermal process
increase in temperature is 95. The internal energy of an ideal gas depends
1. 50oC 2. 100oC 3. 200oC 4. 25oC only on the
86. A metallic ball is moving with a velocity of 1. Impurities 2. Pressure
60 m/s comes to rest after striking a target. 3. Volume 4. Temperature
If 75% of mechanical energy is converted 96. Work done in compression is least when the
into heat, then the rise in temperature of the process is
ball is (S = 120 J/kg-k) 1. adiabatic 2. isothermal
1. 15oC 2. 112.5oC 3. 11.25oC 4. 20oC 3. Isochoric 4. Isobaric
87. A man of 60 kg gains 1000 cal of heat by 97. First law of thermodynamics is a special case
eating 5 mangoes. His efficiency is 28%. To of
what height he can jump by using this 1. Boyle’s law
energy ? 2. Charle’s law
1. 2m 2. 20 m 3. 28m 4. 0.2m 3. Law of conservation of energy
4. Law of coservation of momentum
88. Power of a man who can chew 0.3 kg ice in
one minute is 98. In a thermodynamic process the pressure of
1. 400 cal/s 2. 2 cal/s a fixed mass of gas is changed. In this
3. 24 cal/s 4. 240 cal/s process gas releass 20J heat and 8J of work
is done on the gas. If initial internal energy
89. If an ice block of mass 84kg moving with a of the gas was 30J, then the final internal
velocity of 8 m/s stops. The amount of ice energy is
melted is 1. 2J 2. 42J 3. 18J 4. 58J
1. 1 gm 2. 2 gm 3. 4 gm 4. 8 gm
170 Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET
VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
99. Air expands from 5 litres to 10 litres at external work in expansion is
2 atmospheres. External work done is 1. 100%, 0 2. 60%, 40%
1. 10J 2. 1000J 3. 3000J 4. 300J 3. 75%, 25% 4. 40%, 60%
100. 1 c.c of water at 100oC is given 540 cal of 109. 70 cal of heat is required to rise the
heat and the steam formed occupies 1671cc. temperature of 2 moles of an ideal gas at
at 1 atmospheric pressure. Then workdone constant pressure from 25oC to 30o C. Then
against atmospheric pressure in this process the amount of heat required to rise the
is nearly temperature of same gas through same rise
1. 540 cal 2. 500 cal 3. 40 cal 4. 100 cal of temperature at constant volume is
101. 1 mole of gas having Cv = 20 J/mole - K is 1. 50 cal 2. 70 cal 3. 90 cal 4. 60 cal
o
heated at constant volume through 10 C. 110. The most reliable values of C and C in cal/
p v
Then increase in its internal energy is mole - oC are
1. 20 cal 2. 166J 3. 200 J 4. 5860J 1. CV = 3; CP = 5 2. CV = 5 ; CP = 3
III. Specific Heats of a gas : 3. CV = 3; CP = 2 4. CV = 2 ; CP = 3
102. If molar specific heat at constant volume is 111. Heat required to rise the temperature of 2
R mole of ideal diatomic gas at constant
CV = , the nature of gas is pressure by 5oC is
0.67
1. mono atomic 2. diatomic 1. 20 cal 2. 30 cal 3. 50 cal 4. 70 cal
3. triatomic 4. poly atomic
\ Model - IV :
103. The number of degrees of freedom of a
diatomic gas is 112. Specific heat of a gas in isothermal process
1. 3 2. 4 3. 5 4. 6 is
1. zero 2. one 3. infinity 4. undefine
104. If ‘n’ is number of degrees of freedom then
113. The adiabatic bulk modulus of a gas at
ratio of specific heats of a gas is given by
pressure ‘p’is
 =
p 
2 n n 2 1. p 2.  p 3. 4.
1. 2. 3. 1 4. 1  p
n 2 2 n
105. The values of molar specific heats for a 114. When a gas expands adiabatically, its internal
monoatomic gas are energy
1. increases 2. decreases
7 5
1. Cp = 4R ; CV = 3R 2. CP = R ; CV = R 3. does not change 4. 1 or 2
2 2
115. For an adiabatic change in a gas
5 3
3. Cp = R ;CV = R 4. Cp = 2R ; CV = R 1. TV  = constant 2. TV  1 = constant
2 2
3. T 1  V  = constant 4. TV = constant
106. If ‘2’ mole of monoatomic gas is mixed with
116. One mole of ideal gas expands isothermally
2 mole of triatomic gas, the value of ‘  ’ for
the mixture is to double its volume at 27oC. Then the work
1. 1.3 2. 1.4 3. 1.5 4. 1.6 done by the gas is nearly
1. 2760 cal 2. 414 cal
107. When an ideal diatomic gas is heated at
constant pressure, the fraction of heat energy 3. 1380 cal 4. 600 cal
supplied which is used in doing work is 117. If x and y are the slopes of isothermal and
1. 5/7 2. 7/2 3. 2/7 4. 2/5 adiabatic curves respectively, then x/y is
108. When a triatomic gas expands at constant equal to
pressure, the percentage of heat supplied that 1
increases temperature of the gas and in doing 1.   1 2. 3.  2 4. 1  

Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET 171
THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
118. In adiabatic expansion 5 moles of a gas 127. An ideal gas is taken through a cycle A – B –
having  = 1.5, falls the temperature from C – A as shown in figure. If the net heat
87oC to 27oC. Then the work done is supplied to the gas is 5 J, the work done by
1. 240 cal 2. 4980 J 3.120 cal 4. 300 cal the gas in the process CA is
1. – 5J V(m3)
119. Diatomic gas at pressure ‘p’ and volume ‘v’ 2
C B
2. –10 J
1 3. – 15 J
is compressed adiabatically to times the 1 A
32 4. – 20 J
original volume. Then the final pressure is 10  N
P 2 
m 
p p 128. What is the heat energy absorbed by a system
1. 2. 32p 3. 128p 4.
32 128 going through the cyclic process shown in
figure
120. A gas is compressed isothermally and V
adiabatically. The corresponding change in 1. 4J 300 c.c
volumes are found to be 51c.c and 34 c.c. 2. 8J
The value of  for the gas is 3. 10J 100 c.c
1. 1.67 2. 1.4 3. 1.33 4. 1.5 P
4. 5J 100 KPa 300 KPa
121. Pressure and density of diatomic gas changes
129. Three liquids A, B and C of masses 400 g,
d2 600 g and 800 g are at 30oC, 40oC and 50o C
adiabatically if d = 32. Then the ratio of
1 respectively. When A and B are mixed the
fianl to its initial pressure is resultant temperature is 36oC. When B and
1. 128 : 1 2. 1 : 128 3. 32 : 1 4. 2 : 1 C are mixed, the resultant temperature is
44oC. The ratio of specific heats A, B and C
122. In an adiabatic change, the pressure ‘p’ and is
temperature ‘T’ of a diatomic gas are related 1. 1 : 2 : 2 2. 2 : 1 : 1
by the relation p  T C where ‘c’ equals to 3. 2 : 2 : 1 4. 1 : 1 : 1
1. 5/3 2. 2/5 3. 3/5 4. 7/2 130. Water is used in radiators as coolant because
of
123. A monoatomci ideal gas initially at 17oC is 1. large density 2. large specific heat
suddenly compressed to 1/8th of its original 3. free availability
volume. The final temperature is 4. high thermal conductivity
1. 17oC 2. 136oC 3. 887oC 4. 272oC
131. With increase in pressure the boiling point
124. In an adiabatic process the pressure (P) and 1. increases 2. decreases
temperature (T) of a monoatomic gas are 3. no change 4. no relation
related by P  TC then C is
132. When two pieces of ice are pressed together,
5 2 3 5
1. 2. 3. 4. they combine to form one single piece. This
3 5 5 2 process is called
125. One mole of monatomic gas is mixed with 1. Freezing 2. combination
one mole of diatomic gas. The molar specific 3. regelation 4. sublimation
heat of the gas at constant volume is 133. The coordinates of triple point of water are
1. 2R 2. 3R 3. 5R 4. 8R 1. (216K, 520 Pa) 2. (373K, 510 Pa)
126. Starting from same condition an ideal gas 3. (273.16K, 610.42Pa)
expands from volume V1 to V2 in three ways. 4. (373.16K,610.42Pa)
The work done by the gas is w1 for isothermal, Model - V :
w2 isobaric, w3 adiabatic then
1. w2 > w1 > w2 2. w2 > w3 > w1 134. The heat engines A and B have their sources
3. w1 > w2 > w3 4. w1 > w3 > w2 at 327oC and 227oC and sinks at 127oC and
172 Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET
VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
o
27 C. The ratio of their efficiencies is lowering of temperature and condensation of
6 5 2 5 water vapour.
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
5 6 5 2
135. Heat engine takes 300 cal of heat at 500 k 142. A : The heat supplied to a system should
and results 150 cal of heat to sink. The necessarily increase the temperature of the
temperature of sink is systems.
1. 1000 K 2. 750 K R : The volume of a system should increase
3. 250 K 4. 125 K when positive work is done by the system in a
thermodynamic process
136. A heat engine works on a carnot cycle with a 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4
heat sink of 27oC. The efficiency is 10%. The
temperature of source is 143. Match the following :
1. 270 K 2. 30 K List – I List – II
o
3. 60 C 4. 30oC a. Ice - line e) solid liquid
b. Stream line f) liquid vapour
137. A refrigerator with its power on is kept in a c. sublimation line g) solid - vapour
closed room and its door open, the d. triple point h) solid - liquid vapour
temperature of room 1. a – e ; b – g ; c – f ; d – h
1. falls 2. rises 2. a – e ; b – f ; c – g ; d – h
3. remains same 3. a – g ; b – f ; c – e ; d – h
4. depends on area of room 4. a – e ; b – d ; c – f ; d – g
Assertion and Reason : 144. Match the following :
1. Both “A” and “R” are true and “R” is correct List – I List – II
explanation of “A” a. Isothermal process e) W  0
2. Both “A” and “R” are true and “R” is not the
b. Adiabatic process f) U  0
correct explanation of “A”
3. “A” is true but “R” is false c. Isobaric process g) Q  0
4. “A” is false but “R” is true d. Isochoic process h) Q  0 ; U  0
138. A : When a sound wave is sent into a gas pipe, 1. a – e;b–f;c–g;d–h
the internal energy of gas will change. 2. a – f;b–g;c–h;d–e
R : Internal energy is the sum of all the 3. a – f;b–g;c–e;d–h
energies contained in the system in
4. a – g;b–f;c–h;d–e
equilibrium.
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 145. Match the following :
139. A : Mercury is used in thermometers. List – I List – II
R : Specific heat of mercury is very high a. Thermal capacity e) J Kg–1 K–1
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 b. Specific heat f) J Kg–1
140. A : Ideal gas equation is applicable to a gas c. Latent heat g) J K–1
in an isothermal process as well as in an d. universal gas h) J mol–1 K–1
adiabatic process
constant
R: All the gas laws are applicable both in
isothermal and adiabatic process 1. a – f ; b – e ; c – g ; d – f
1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 2. a – g ; b – f ; c – g ; d – e
3. a – g ; b – e ; c – f ; d – h
141. A : When a bottle of cold carbonated drink is
opened, a little fog forms around the opening. 4. a – f ; b – e ; c – g ; d – h
R : Adiabatic expansion of the gas causes

Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET 173

THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
153. Two liquids at temperatures 60 C and 20o C
o
PREVIOUS EAMCET QUESTIONS respectively have masses in the ratio 3 : 4 and
146. A diatomic gas molecule has translational, their specific heats in the ratio 4 : 5. If the two
rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom. liquids are mixed, the resultant temperature
The ratio of specific heats Cp/Cv = (EAM-95) is (EAMCET-2000)
1. 1.67 2. 1.4 3. 1.29 3. 1.33 1. 70oC 2. 50oC 3. 40oC 4. 35oC
154. An ideal gas at a presure of 1 atm and
147. A piece of lead falls from a height of 100 m. temperature of 27 o C is compressed
on a fixed non conducting slab which brings it adiabatically till its pressure becomes 8 times
to rest. The temperature of the slab the initial pressure, then the final temperature
immediately after collision increases by is (  =3/2) (EAMCET-2000)
(Specific heat of lead is 30.6 cal/Kg oC and 1. 627 C 2. 527 C 3. 427oC
o o
4. 327oC
g = 9.8 m/sec2 ) (EAMCET-96)
o o
155. During an adiabatic process, if the pressure
1. 0 K 2. 27 C 3. 7.62 C 4. 4.2oK
o
of an ideal gas is proportional to the cube of
148. Certain amount of heat supplied to an ideal Cp
gas under isothermal conditions will result in its temperature, the ratio   is (Cp , Cv
Cv
1. a rise in temperature (EAMCET-97) are specific at constant pressure and volume)
2. doing external work and a change in (EAMCET-2000)
temperature 1. 3/5 2. 4/3 3. 5/3 4. 3/2
3. doing external work 156. 50 g of copper is heated to increase its
4. an increase in the internal energy of the gas temperature by 10oC. If the same quantity of
149. A lead bullet of mass 21 gm travelling at a heat is given to 10gm of water, the rise in
speed of 100 m/sec comes to rest in a wooden temperature is (specific heat of copper=420
block. If no heat is taken away by the wood, Jkg-1 K. specific heat of water=4200 Jkg-1K-1 )
the rise in temperature of the bullet in the wood (EAMCET-2000)
nearly is [specific heat of lead=0.03 CGS units] 1. 5o C 2. 6oC 3. 7o|C 4. 8oC
(EAMCET-98) 157. A steel ball of mass 0.1 kg falls freely from a
1. 25oC 2. 28oC 3. 33oC 4. 39oC height of 10m and bounces to a height of
5.4 m from the ground. If the dissipated energy
150. A monoatomic gas is suddenly compressed to in this process is absorbed by the ball, the rise
1/8 of its volume adiabatically. The pressure in its temperature is (specific heat of steel =
of the gas now to that of its original pressure is 460 JK-1g K-1) (g = 10 ms-2) (EAMCET-2000)
(EAMCET-98) 1. 0.01oC 2. 0.1oC 3. 1oC 4. 1.1oC
1. 8 times 2. 16 times 158. A lead bullet of 10g travelling at 300 ms -1
3. 32 times 4. 128 times strikes against a block of wood and comes to
151. When heat energy of 1500J is supplied to a rest. Assuming 50% of heat is absorbed by the
gas at constant pressure 2.1  105 Nm2, there bullet, the increase in its temperature is
was an increases in its volume equal to (Specific heat of lead is 150 J/kg. k)
2.5  10-3m. The increase in internal energy of (EAMCET-2001)
the gas in joules is (EAMCET-99) 1. 100OC 2. 125oC 3. 150oC 4. 200oC
1. 450 2. 525 3. 975 4. 2025 159. The Pressure and density of a diatomic gas
 7
152. For an adiabatic change in a gas, if P, V, T     change adiabatically from (P, d) to
denotes pressure, volume and absolute  5
temperature of a gas at any time and  is the d1 P1
ratio of specific heats of gas, which of the (P1, d1). If  32, then  32 is
d P
following is ture? (EAMCET-99) (EAMCET-2001)
1. T  P1 = constant 2. T1  P =constant 1
1. 2. 32 3. 128 4. 256
3. T 1V =constant 4. T  V  =constant 128
174 Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET
VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
160. A gas for which   1.5 is suddenly compressed 166. The temperature of 5 moles of a gas at
constant volume is changed from 100 o C to
1 120o C. The total heat capacity of the gas at
to th of the initial volume. Then the ratio of
4 constant volume will be in Joule/kelvin is
the final to intial pressure is (EAMCET-2001) (EAMCET-2003)
1. 1 : 16 2. 1 : 8 3. 1 : 4 4. 8 : 1 1. 8 2. 4 3. 0.8 4. 0.4
161. One mole of an ideal gas with  =1.4 is
167. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of
adiabatically compressed so that its a gas is proportional to the cube of its adiabatic
temperature rises from 27 o C to 35 o C. The temperature. The value of Cp/Cv for that gas is
change in the internal energy of the gas is
(EAMCET-2003)
(EAMCET-2001)
1. -166 J 2. 166 J 3. -168J 4. 168 J 1. 3/5 2. 4/3 3. 5/3 4. 3/2

162. A metal sphere of radius r and specific heat S 168. The pressure and density of a given mass of a
is rotated about an axis passing through its diatomic gas (   7 / 5) change adiabatically
centre at a speed of n rotations per second. It
is suddenly stopped and 50% of its energy is d1 P1
from (P, d) to (P1, d1). If  32, then is
used in increasing its temperature, then the d P
raise in temperature of the sphere is (  =ratio of specific heats)
(EAMCET-2002)
(EAMCET-2004)
2 2 n 2 r 2 2 n 2 1. 1/128 2. 1/64 3. 64 3. 128
1. 2.
5 S r2 S 169. If 4 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas at
temperature 400K is mixed with 2 moles of
7 2 2 5( r n) 2
3. r n S 4. another ideal monoatomic gas at temperature
8 14S 700K, the temperature of the mixture is
(EAMCET-2004)
 7
163. 5 mole of hydrogen     initially at S.T.P o o
1. 550 C 2. 500 C 3. 550K 4. 500K
 3
are compressed adiabatically so that its 170. When a heat of Q is supplied to one mole of a
temperature becomes 400oC. The increase in monoatomic gas (  =5/3), the workdone by the
the internal energy of the gas in kilo-Joules is gas is (Q/3). Then the molar heat capacity of
(R=8.30 J mole-1k-1) (EAMCET-2002) the gas at constant volume is (EAM-2004)
1. 21.55 2. 41.50 3. 65.55 4. 80.55 1. 3R/4 2. 5R/4 3. 7R/4 4. 4R/4
164. A gas under constant pressure of 4.5  105 Pa 171. The sample of the same gas, x, y and z, for
when subjected to 800KJ of heat, changes the which the ratio of specific heats is  =8/2, have
volume from 0.5m3 to 2.0m3. The change in initially the same volume. The volume of the
the internal energy of the gas is (EAM-2002) each sample is doubled by adiabatic process
1. 6.75  105 J 2. 5.25  105 J in the case of x, by isobaric process in the case
3. 3.25  105J 4. 1.25  105J of y and by isothermal process in the case of z.
If the initial pressure of the sample of x, y and
165. If for hydrogen C p -C v=m and for nitrogen
Cp -Cv= n, where C p and C v refer to specific z are in the ratio 2 2 : 1 : 2; then the ratio of
heats per unit mass respectively at constant their final pressure is (EAMCET-2004)
pressure and constant volume, the relation 1. 2 : 1 : 1 2. 1 : 1 : 1
between m and n is (molecular weight of
hydrogen =2 and molecular weight of 3. 1 : 2 : 1 4. 1 : 1 : 2
nitrogen =14) (EAMCET-2002) 172. The ratio of specific heats of a gas is  . The
1. n=14 m 2. n = 7m change in internal energy of one mole of the
3. m = 7n 4. m = 14 n gas when the volume change from V to 2V at
Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET 175
THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
constant pressure P is (EAMCET 2005) 177. In the adiabatic compression, the decrease in
volume is associated with (EAMCET 2008)
 1 PV PV 1. increase in temperature and decrease in
1. 2. PV 3. 4. pressure
PV  1 
2. decrease in temperature and increase in
173. A given mass of a gas is compressed
pressure
isothermally until its pressure is doubled. It is
then allowed to expand adiabatically until its 3. decrease in temperature and decrease in
original volume is restored and its pressure is pressure
then found to be 0.75 of its initial pressure. 4. increase in temperature and increase in
The ratio of specific heats of gas is pressure
approximately (EAMCET - 2006)
178. Which of the following is true in the case of an
1. 1.20 2. 1.41 3. 1.67 4. 1.83 Cp
adiabatic process, where   ?
174. A cyclic process ABCD is shown below in the Cv
given P – V diagram. In the following answers (EAMCET 2008)
the one that represents the same process as in 1  
1. P T = constant 2. P  T 1  = constant
P – V diagram (EAMCET 2006, 2009)
3. PT  = constant 4. P  T = constant
179. An ideal gas subjected to a cyclic process
involving four thermodynamic states, the
amounts of heat (Q) and work (W) involved in
each of these states are
Q1 = 6000 J ; Q2 = –5500 J ;
1. 2. Q3 = – 3000 J ; Q4 = 3500 J
W1 = 2500 J ; W2 = – 1000 J ; W3 = –1200 J ;
W4 = x J
T The ratio of the net work done by the gas to the
total heat absorbed by the gas is '' . The value
of x and  respectively are [EAMCET 2009]
3. 4. 1. 500 ; 7.5 % 2. 700 ; 10.5%
3. 1000 ; 21% 4. 1500 ; 15%

AIEEE Questions:
175. The temperature of the system decreases in
the process of (EAMCET 2007) 180. 3 moles of an ideal mono atomic gas performs
1. free expansion 2. adiabatic expansion ABCDA cyclic process as shown in figure
3. isothermal expansion below. The gas temperature are TA = 400 K,
4. isothermal compression TB = 800 K, TC = 2400 K and TD = 1200 K.
The work done by the gas is (approximately)
176. Two cylinders A and B fitted with pistons contain (R = 8.314 J/mol-k)
equal number of moles of an ideal monoatomic 1. 10 KJ 2. 20 KJ 3. 40 KJ 4. 100 KJ
gas at 400 K. The piston of A is free to move
while that of B is held fixed. Same amount of 181. One mole of an ideal as (  =1.4) is
heat energy is given to the gas in each cylinder. adiabatically compressed so that its
If the rise in temperature of the gas in A is 42 temperature rises from 27 o C to 35o C. The
K, the rise in temperature of the gas in B is change in internal energy of the gas is
5 (R = 8.3 J/mol-k) [Medical 2010]
(  ) (EAMCET 2007)
3 1. –266 J 2. 166 J 3. –268 J 4. 168 J
1. 25. 2 K 2. 35 K 3. 42 K 4. 70 K
176 Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET
VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS
182. A lead bullet of unknown mass is fired with a 187. Two rigid boxes containing different ideal
speed of 180 m/sec into a three in which it stops. gases are placed on a table. Box A Contains
Assuming that in this process two third of heat one mole of nitrogen at temparature. To while
produced goes into the bullet and one third into Box B containing one mole of Helium at
word. The temperature of the bullet rised by t e m p a r a t u r e
(specific heat of lead = 0.120 K / gm.oC) (7/3) to the boxes are then put into thermal
[Medical 2010] contact with each other and heat flows
1. 140oC 2. 106oC 3. 90oC 4. 100oC between them until the gases reach a common
final temparature (Ignore heat capacity of
183. Work done to increase the temperature of one boxes) then the Grid temperature of the gases.
mole of an ideal gas by 30oC, if it is expanding If interms of To is [AIEEE-2006]
under the condition V  T2/3 is (e = 8.314 J/
mole/oK) [EAMCET 2012] 3 Thermal
1. Tf = T
1. 116.2 J 2. 136.2 J 3. 166.2 J 4. 186.2 J 7 o Box A Contact
Box B
184. Three moles of an ideal monoatomic gas 7
2. Tf = To A mole N2 A mole He
undergoes a cyclic process as shown in figure. 3
The temperature of the gas in different states
3 5
marked as 1, 2, 3 and 4 are 400k, 700k, 2300 3. Tf = To 4. Tf = To
k and 1100 k respectively. The work done by 2 2
the gas during this process 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 1 is Hint:- Change in internal energy of the system is zero
(universal gas constant R) [EAMCET 2013] i.e Increase in internal energy of one is equal to
decrease in internal energy of other
1. 1650 R
5R
2. 550 R U A  1  Tf  T0 
2
3. 1100 R
3R  7 
4. 2200 R U B  1   Tf  T0 
2  3 
185. Efficiency of a heat engine whose sink is at a U A  U B  0
temperature of 300 K is 40% to increase the 5R
efficiency to 60% keeping the sink temperature Tf  T0   3R  Tf  7T0   0
2 2  3 
constant, the source temperature must be
increased by [EAMCET 2013] 3
Tf  T0
1. 750 K 2. 500 K 3. 250 K 4. 1000 K 2
188. A carnot engine having an efficency
186. The work of 146 KJ is performed in order to
compress one kilo mole of a gas adiabatically 1
  as heat engine is used as
and in this process the temparature of the gas 10
increases by 7oC . The gas is (R = 8.3J/Mol-K) refrigerator . If the work done on the system
[AIEEE 2006] is 10 J. The amount of energy absorbed
1. Diatomic 2.Tri atomic from the reservor at lower temparature is
3.A mixture of monoatomic and diatomic [AIEEE 2007]
4. Mono atomic
1.99J 2.90J 3.1J 4.100J
Hint :- For adiabatic process dQ = 0
Hint:- For carnot engine using as refregerator
dU =  W
nCv dT = +146  103 J T 
W  Q 2  1  1
nf R  T2 
 7  146  10 3
2
1 T T 9
10 3  f  8.3  7 But   1 2  2 
 146  10 3  f  5.02  5 10 T1 T1 10
2
So it is a diatomic gas Q 2  90J
Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET 177
THERMODYNAMICS VOLUME - II
189. An insulated container of gas has two 192. The net work done on the gas in the cycle
chambers separated by an isolating partition. ABCDA is
One of the chambers has volume v1 contains 1.zero 2.276R 3.1076R 4.1904R
ideal gas at pressure p1 and temparature T1. Hint:- 1.WAB  Q  U
The other chamber has volume v2 and contain
ideal gas at pressure p2 and temparature T2 .  n (c p  c v )dt  nRdt  2  R  (500  300)
If the partition is removed without doing any  400R
work on the gas the final equilibrium
temparature of the gas in the container will be p 
2.WDA  nRT ln  1 
[AIEEE 2008]  p2 
T1T2 (P1V1  P2 V2 ) P1V1T1  P2 V2T2
1. P V T  P V T 2. 3.Networkdon e  WAB  WBC  WCB  WBA
1 1 2 2 2 1 P1V1  P2 V2
 400 R  2  2.303  500 R  ln 2  400R  414 R
P1V1T2  P2 V2T1 T1T2 P1V1  P2 V2   1000 R  ln 2  600 R  ln 2
3. P1V1  P2 V2 4. P V T  P V T  400 R  ln 2 = 276 R
1 1 1 2 2 2

Hint:- As no work done sum of internal energy of

193. A diatomic ideal gas is used in a car engine as
gas in two partitions is constant
the working substance . if during the adiabatic
i.e, U  U1  U 2 expansion part of the cycle,volume of the gas
f ( n1  n 2 ) RT fn RT incerases from V to 32V ,the efficiency of the
U & U1  1 1
2 2 engine is [AIEEE 2010]
fn 2 RT2 1.0.5 2.0.75 3.0.99 4.0.25
U2 
2 T
Hint :-   1  2
190. The following T1
question are  1
 1  1 V 
based on the T1V1  T2 V2  T1  T2  2 
following  V1 
paragraph. Two 7
moles of helium Fordiatomicgas,  
5
gas taken over the ABCDA as shown in the
P - T diagram [AIEEE 2009] T1  T2 (32)7 / 51  T2 (25 ) 2 / 5  T2  4
Assume the gas to be ideal the work done on T1  4T2
the gas in taking it from A to B is
 1 3
1. 200R 2.300R 3.400R 4.500R   1     0.75
 4 4
191. The work done on the gas in taking it from D
to A is
1. -414R 2. +414R 3. -690R 4. +690R

178 Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET

VOLUME - II THERMODYNAMICS

ANSWERS
PROBLEM SET

01. 2 02. 3 03. 2 04. 1 05. 3 06. 2 07. 3 08. 2 09. 1 10. 4

11. 1 12. 3 13. 3 14. 2 15. 2 16. 3 17. 4 18. 1 19. 1 20. 2

21. 1 22. 1 23. 1 24. 3 25. 4 26. 3 27. 1 28. 2 29. 4 30. 4
31. 3 32. 3 33. 3 34. 4 35. 3 36. 4 37. 1 38. 1 39. 3 40. 2

41. 2 42. 3 43. 2 44. 2 45. 1 46. 3 47. 3 48. 3 49. 4 50. 1

51. 3 52. 3 53. 1 54. 1 55. 2 56. 2 57. 4 58. 2 59. 4 60. 3
61. 1 62. 3 63. 2 64. 3 65. 2 66. 2 67. 3 68. 3 69. 4 70. 1

71. 2 72. 2 73. 1 74. 1 75. 2 76. 4 77. 2 78. 2 79. 1 80. 3

EXERCISE

81. 1 82. 2 83. 4 84. 2 85. 3 86. 3 87. 1 88. 1 89. 4 90. 3
91. 1 92. 1 93. 3 94. 1 95. 4 96. 3 97. 3 98. 3 99. 2 100. 3

101. 2 102. 1 103. 3 104. 4 105. 3 106. 3 107. 3 108. 3 109. 1 110. 1

111. 4 112. 3 113. 2 114. 2 115. 2 116. 2 117. 2 118. 2 119. 3 120. 1
121. 1 122. 4 123. 3 124. 4 125. 1 126. 1 127. 1 128. 3 129. 3 130. 2

131. 1 132. 3 133. 3 134. 2 135. 3 136. 3 137. 2 138. 1 139. 3 140. 3

141. 1 142. 4 143. 2 144. 2 145. 3

PREVIOUS EAMCET / AIEEE QUESTIONS

146.2 147.3 148.3 149.2 150.3

151.3 152.1 153.4 154.4 155.4 156.1 157.2 158.3 159.3 160.4

161.2 162.1 163.2 164.4 165.3 166.2 167.4 168.4 169.4 170.4
171.2 172.3 173.2 174.1 175.2 176.1 177.4 178.1 179.2 180. 2

181.3 182.2 183.3 184. 1 185.3 186. 1 187. 3 188. 2 189.1 190. 3

191.2 192.2 193.2

Jr. Physics ISEET / NEET 179