Exercise 1: Heat Transfer.

1) Complete these sentences.

a) Thermal energy is transferred from a region of ____________________ to a region of
____________________.
b) Conduction is the process by which the thermal energy is transmitted through a medium
____________________.
c) Solids are better thermal conductors than liquids and gases. In solids, the molecules are
____________________ together than in liquids and gases. Thus, kinetic energy can be
transferred more ____________________.
d) Conduction of thermal energy in metals is far better than in other solids. This is because
other than the conduction through vibrating molecules, the ____________________ in a
metal are also responsible for the conduction of thermal energy.
e) Convection is the process by which the thermal energy is transmitted from one place to
another by the movement of ____________________.
f) Convection takes place only in ____________________ not in ____________________.
g) Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by ____________________.
h) ____________________ and ____________________ require a medium to transfer
thermal energy whereas ____________________ does not require any medium to
transfer thermal energy.
i) ___________________ surfaces are good ____________________ and
____________________ but poor ____________________ of heat.
j) ____________________ surfaces are good ____________________ but poor
____________________ and ____________________ of heat.
2) The figure below shows convection currents set up when water in each container is heated.
Indicate the part of the container where you have to heat the water to set up such currents.

3) Figure (a) shows water being cooled and Figure (b) shows water being heated. Draw arrows
to show how convection currents flow.

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4) The figure below shows the transfer of thermal energy by conduction, convection and
radiation. Write down the processes involved in the boxes provided.

5) The diagram below shows the metal shade and bulb of an electric reading lamp. Draw arrows
on the diagram to indicate the convection currents in the air inside the shade when the lamp
is switched on. State the process by which heat is transferred from the bulb filament to the
shade.

6) Two similar cans are partly filled with equal paraffin. Each holds a thermometer, is covered by
a lid, and stands on a wooden bench at the same distance from a radiant heater, as shown in
the diagram below. One can has a dull black surface and the other a bright silver surface.

a) Why can we say that the cans are not heated by conduction?
b) Why can we say that the cans are not heated by convection?
c) By what process are the cans heated?
d) Do equal quantities of heat fall upon the two cans?
e) Why is there a difference between the rates of heating of the two cans?
7) The diagram below shows an electric hot plate being used by a cook to heat a saucepan
containing water.

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 a) By what method is heat transferred through the saucepan to the water?
b) Explain how a convection current is created in the water.
c) The cook is rather proud and keeps the saucepan including the base highly polished.
Explain why does the cook keeps the saucepan highly polished?
8) A compound strip of brass and iron 10 cm long at 20 K is held horizontally with iron
uppermost. When heated from below with a bunsen burner, the temperature of the brass is
820 K and of the iron 770 K. Calculate the difference in lengths of the iron and the brass.
(Linear expansivity of brass = 0.000 019 K-1 and of iron = 0.000 012 K-1).
9) A metal rod has a length of 100 cm at 200 K. At what temperature will its length be 99.4 cm if
the linear expansivity of the rod is 0.000 02 K -1?