1.

TYPE THE TYPE OF THE EXPRESSION

Greeting
 Good morning
 Good afternoon
 Good evening
 How nice to see you
 Hello
 How are you?
 How do you do?
 How’re you doing?
 Hi !

Responding
 Good morning
 Good afternoon
 Good evening
 Yes, it’s been so nice
 Hello
 Fine, thanks
 How do you do?
 Not bad
 Hi !

Example:

Bany:

meet
 How are you
 Nice to meet you
 Nice to see you
 Good to see you
 Hi
 hey
Farewell
 Good bye/bye/bye-bye.
 Good night.
 See you next time.
 See you later/See you again/See you soon.
 Say my hello to your friend.
 Good luck.
 I wish you good luck.
 God bless you.
 Have a nice day
 Have a good time
 Be well there
 Take care
 Catch you later.

Accepting invitation
 I’d love to
 I’d like to
 I’d be happy to
 I’d be glad to
 That sounds great
 That would be terrific

INVITATION
 Invitation is “an expression that is disclosed when there is someone who wants to ask other
persons to come to a place or when there is someone who asks others to do something for
him/her”.

Expression of invitation

 Why don’t you come to…

 Like to come to …
 Come and …
 Shall we come to …
 You must come to …
 Etc.

Accepted the invitation

 Great! I would like that very much.

 Nice! I would really like that.
  I would love it.
 Thank you for your invitation. I would go with you.
 That’s a good idea I would like to come.
 That’s a wonderful idea. I would come.
 That’s a great idea. I would love to go with you.
 What a good idea! I would like to come with you.

Declining of invitation

 Thanks for your invitation, but I may be busy.

 May be some other time. It’s doesn’t matter, right?
 That’s good idea. But I am sorry I can’t go.
 I am afraid I can’t go with you.
 I am afraid I will not be able to go.
 I am so sorry. I don’t feel well.
 Oh, I am busy tonight. It might be better for tomorrow.
 I wish I could go. But I really can’t. I am sorry

Expression of Making appointmen

 Are you available on this Friday?
 Can we meet on 23th?
 How does Monday next week sound to you?
 Are you free tonight?
 Would Thursday this week suit you?
 Is next Sunday convenient for you?
 What about sometime next month?

Responding to an appointment
 Yes, Friday is fine
 Thursday suits me
 Thursday would be perfect
 Yes, I will be free on 23th
 I’m afraid I can’t next Friday. What about Saturday?
 I’m sorry, I think I would be able to make it this week. Could we meet on next Saturday
instead?
 I think Tuesday will be a little difficult for me. I’d much prefer Thursday, if that’s alright with
you
 I really don’t think we can meet up on 15th. How about 18th?

Cancelling an appointment
  Unfortunately, due to some unforeseen business, I will be unable to keep our appointment
for this Friday
 Would it be possible to arrange another time later in the week?

Happiness
 I’m happy because I get the surprise from my parents.
 Fantastic1 You can reach it. I am proud of you.
 Great! I will go there soon.
 I’m very happy today! I have a new motorcycle.
 You make me happy. I never forget of this moment and I will always to remember it in my
life.
 I’m so glad that you are the best graduation in this year
 Oh, I’m so happy because you came to my house.
 I can’t say how pleased I am because I can go to India to see Taj mahal. I don’t believe it.
 I had a splendid time there.
 What a marvelous place I’ve ever soon.
 It’s an outstanding adventure.
 It’s an interesting experience.
 It’s an a sensational trip.

Expression of Sympathy
 You have my deepest sympathy
 What a terrible situation for you
 I do sympathize ( I assure you)
 I’m extremely sorry to hear that
 Oh what a shame
 Oh that’s awful
 Oh dear, sorry to hear that
 Let me offer my condolences
 Poor you
 That’s pity
 How poor you are
 How pity you are

Definition of Giving Instruction

Giving instruction is an expression that used to give or ask somebody to do something that what we
want. Giving instruction same with imperative sentence.

Direct/Impolite:
  Go!
 Get that for me
 Stop!
 Put that away

Indirect:

 "Could you go?"

 "Could/would you get that for me?"
 "Could you stop that?"
 "Could you put that away (for me)?"

Polite/Positive:

 Go, please
 Get that for me please
 Stop, please/Please, stop
 Put that away, plemasalah

EXPRESSION OF THANK YOU

 thankyou.
 Thank you / Thanks.
 Thank you very much/ Thank you so much.
 Thank you a lot / Thanks a lot.
 Thankyou for your kindness. .
 Thankyou for everything.
 Thank you for your help/ Thanks for your help.
 Thankyou for your spare time.
 Thankyou in advance.
 Thank you, anyway.
 Many thanks.
 Thanks a million for the present.
 I'm very grateful to you.
 Responding to Thanks
 You're welcome.
 You're quite welcome.
 You're most welcome.
 That's alright / That's okay / Not at all.
 No problem.
 Don't mention it.
 Never mind.
 You deserve it.
 My pleasure.
 Any time.
 It was the least I could do.
  Delighted I was able to help.

Giving Compliment
compliment is a polite expression of prise or admiration

Exlression of giving compliment

 Good job
 You really look good today
 You are the best
 Nice work
 you are amazing
 wow, great!
 you rock!
 you are wonderful
 good
 very good
 so fine
 super!
 Nice
 congratulation
 happy wedding
 happy birthday
 welldone
 great
 you’re a great manager
 she is very clever

Congratulation
 Happy mothers day
 Happy holiday
 Happy anniversary
 Merry chrismast
 Happy New Year
 That’s great
 Good luck
 That's wonderful
 Well done
 That’s wonderful
  Good for you
 Good job
 Best of luck
 Great job
 Fantastic job
 That was awesome

Responding Congratulation

 Thanks
 Thanks a lot
 Thank you so much
 Thank you for your kindness
 Thank you, I can't forget your help to me
 It’s very good of you to say so
 How nice of you to say that
 Thank you very much for saying so
 I am glad you think so
 Thank you very much
 Thanks to you guys
 Ok, actually it's nothing special Ok
 Thanks.

Giving advice
 You’d better
 You could
 I advise that you
 I recommend that you
 I strongly advise you to
 You really should
 I think you should
 Maybe you should
 Why do not you
 I’d like to advice that
 I advise
 You should
 It’s better for you
 You must
 Perhaps you should lie down
 It’s best to
 You need
 Make sure you
Asking of opinion
Formal

 Have you got any comments on…?

 Do you have any idea …?
 Do you have any opinion on…?
 What is your reaction to …?
 What are you feeling about …?
 What are your views on …?
 Excuse me, Madam. What do you feel about?
 I’d be grateful to have your opinion on …?

Informal

 What do you think of ..?

 Wht do you think about ..?
 How do you like?
 What are your views?
 Do you think it/s going?

Expression of satifaction and disatifaction

 I’m happy enough with it
 Everything was just perfect
 It was satisfacatory
 I’m completely satisfied
 Everything is fine, thank you
 I’m very pleased with it

Expressing disatisfaction
 I’m very dissatisfied with the condition.
 I am a little dissatisfied with
 I want to make a complaint
 I’m disappointed with
 It is unacceptable
 It is not as good as I thought.
 Well, this is most unsatisfactory
 I’m displeased with
 It is dissatisfying
 Responding to dissatisfaction

The following is an example of a response to someone`s statement of dissatisfaction

  I’m sorry to hear that
 I will see what I can do about it
 I will look into it
 I see

Example of dialogue Expressing Satisfaction

 Alex: How do you feel about this food?

 Bram: It is very tasty. I’m completely satisfied.
 Alex: Me too.
 Bram: I think my younger brother also like it.
 Alex: I think so.

Example of dialogue Expressing Disatisfaction

 Waiter: Are you satisfied with our food?

 Efendy: I am a little dissatisfied with the beef. It is overcooked.
 Waiter: I’m sorry Sir. We will improve our service

REQUEST
 Could I have a glass of water?
 Can I have a piece of paper?
 Could we have a word? please?
 Can I ask a favour?
 Could you remind me abot the meeting?

Responding

 Yes, I can help you

 Yes, you may)
 sure, I can do that
 absolutely, I belive I could

Relief
 It’s a relief that the construction has been done. The winter is coming. I cannot imagine what
will happen if the house is covered with snow before it is finished.
 We are glad that he has done the job just before the deadline.
 It’s great relief knowing him able to stand after falling from the racing motorcycle.

Whew! That was close

Painful
  It was very painful to see my best friend moved out of town. I couldn’t stand the first week
without crying for her and she did, too. It hurt so much.
 Ouch! That hurts! Don’t touch me like that.
 It hurts him so much knowing the fact that he losing to his nemesis for the first time.

Pleasure
 After so many reconstructions and redecorations, she really enjoys tidying her room and
does not want to go outside too long
 How marvelous the castle that the engineer has built.

Expressions of agreement
 I agree with you
 You’re right
 That’s right
 That’s true
 Absolutely
 Definitely
 No doubt about it
 That’s exactly what I think
 I couldn’t agree with you more
 I feel the same way
 You can say that
 You took the words right out of my mouth
 I suppose you are right
 That may/might be true
 You may/might be right
 I see your point

Happenes
 m really proud of your achievement
 m glad to see you
 I’m feeling better
 Would you like to walk me to my room? I’m afraid of darkness
 I felt ecstatic when I won the match
 The book I’m reading makes me weepy

Expressing Feeling
 I’m really proud of your achievement
 I’m glad to see you
  I’m feeling better
 I’m so full, that was a quite big portion of fries!
 I’m confused about Mr. Darwin’s explanation
 I’m hungry, I need to eat something
 I’m starving, I didn’t have my breakfast
 I’m a bit sad today
 Would you like to walk me to my room? I’m afraid of darkness

Expressing happiness
 I am…
 On cloud nine
 Flying high
 Full of the joys of spring
 Happy as Larry

Expressing sadness
 I am…
 Down in the dumps
 Down in the mouth
 At the end of my tether
 Grief-stricken
 Feeling blue/in blue

Expressing anger or annoyance

 I am…
 Pissed off
 Fit to be tied
 Hot under the collar
 Steamed up

Expressing anxiety or nervousness

 I am…
 Holding my breath
 Having my heart in my mouth
 Having butterfly in my stomach
 Breaking out in a cold sweat

Expressing embarrassment
 Wanted the earth to swallow me up
 Could have sunk through the floor
  Will be left with egg on my face

Suggest
 My I help you
 Can I help you
 Would you mind if I help you
 Shall I help you

Asking for help

 Can you help me
 Would you mind if you help me
 Could yo help me

Expression of possibility
 I might
 I may
 Perhaps I will
 You could possibly
 It is possible
 I’m pretty sure I will
 I guess I will
 I suppose I will
 I will most likely
 There’s a chance you might/ could
 It could be
 That’s most probably

Expressions of Making a Promise, and Admitting Mistakes

Making Promise is the expression how express your promise to someone.

Expressions for Making a Promise

 I promise/swear that I
 I promise you that
 I swear (to do something)
 Trust me, I can
 I will pick you up.
 I assure you that I will return it on time
 I won’t go, I swear to stay here

Respond a Promise

 Thank you
 I believe you
  Let me be assured
 Okay
 Just let the time to answer
 I wish you can keep on your promise
 I’ll wait for you

Admitting Mistakes Expressions

 I’m sorry. It’s my fault

 You’re right. I’m fully responsible for this matter
 I admit what I’ve done is wrong
 I realize I’ve made mistakes
 Yes, I take the blame

Respond a Admit of Mistake:

 Don’t mention it.

 That would be okay
 Just take it easy
 Let it go..
 Forget it.
 That’s fine.
 I give you sorry.
 It doesn’t matter for me.

Expression Blaming
 It was your fault
 You are the one to blame
 How could you do such a thing?
 It’s your mistake/fault.
 I think you are to blame.
 I think you are the one who could have done it.
 Are you out of your mind?

Expression criticizing
 I have to say. His performance pretty disappointing
 I do think you’re being a little unreasonable
 Don’t overdo it
 Don’t beat yourself up over this situation

Expression of hope
 If only I knew that you lived here I would like to visit you before I moved to other country
 I wish I could be there to accompany you watching a movie
  I wish you to be a better person in the future

Expression Regret
 regret…
 I regret doing…
 I wish…
 If I had (hadn’t)…
 I would (wouldn’t) have …
 I regret being rude and underestimating you.
 I wish I hadn’t made that mistake.
 If I had studied hard, I wouldn’t have failed on my exam.
 I am so regretful about it.

Expression predict
 It will rain tomorrow
 She thinks bela will not arrive tonigh
 Sure I will see him at the concert
 She will graduate next june
 I’m sure you will come to his house

Expression of speculating
 I speculate that
 My speculation is
 I would like to give the speculation on
 If were you I would

Expressing of Assesing
 I think this movie was amazing
 The jokes were really funny
 What a beautiful dress
2. SHORT FUNCTIONAL TEXT

Announcement

Announcement

To: All member of class 8A

Our classroom will join “The Cleanest Class Competition 2016” on Monday, March 14th 2016. To
prepare it, please all the member of the classroom gather at school on Sunday March 7th 2016 at 8
a.m to start cleaning and decorating the classroom together. Please come on time.

Chief

Andriansyah
 Advertaisement

dvertisement (Advertising) is a text that has the purpose of announcing something to appeal to
many people and so that a product is well-known in all public circles in the form of communication
with users of products or services.

Example

INVITATION LATTER

Invitation Letter is a formal request for individual attendance or attendance for events, dinners,
celebrations or formal occasions.

Example of invitation later

 BANNER

A banner is a medium that is usually a lengthy cloth that contains certain symbols, logos, slogans, or
messages.

EXAMPLE OF BANNER

POSTER

Poster is a design of writing and drawing on a piece of paper so that it can be affixed to a flat area
such as a bulletin board wall

Example of poster
 PAMHFLET

Pamphlet is a non-dented booklet usually without a hard cover. Usually in the form of one sheet of
paper that can be folded and bersi writing and drawing on both sides.

EXAMPLE OF FAMPHLET
3. THE TEXT OF ESAY

Recount text
 is a text that telling the reader about one story, action or activity. Its goal is to entertaining or
informing the reader.

Generic Structure :

Orientation : it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text, such as
who was involved, where it happened, and when it happened.

Events : a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence.

Re-orientation : a personal comment about the event or what happened in the end.

Example:

Narrative text

A narrative text is an imaginative story to entertain people (teks narasi adalah cerita
imaginatif yang bertujuan menghibur orang).

Generic Structure:

# Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters of the story are
introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa,
kapan dan dimana)

# Complication : Where the problems in the story developed. (Permasalahan muncul / mulai
terjadi dan berkembang)

# Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah selesai, secara baik
“happy ending” ataupun buruk “bad ending

# Coda / reorientation (optional) – lesson from the story

Example:

Real Brotherly love (A Korean Folk Tale)

A long, long time ago, there liver two brother ini a village. They were both very poor, but the
older brother had a little more than the other one. However, he had a large family to
support than the younger brother.
Ine autumn, they harvested their grain, but the older one worried about his younger
brother, so at night he took some grain and secretly put it in the place where his brother
stored his grain. The next day; even though, he had done this, his own grain supply was not
reduced. The next night he did the same thing, and again the next day. Still, his grain supply
was not diminished. It stayed the same.

He though it was strange, so he did ini the field to see what happened. A few hours later, he
Saw a person approaching. He went out to see who it was.

The stranger was his brother who was also worried about his older brother. Each night he
had been taking grain to his older brother to help hi him!

This was true Brotherly love. After that, they lived happily for the rest of their lives.

Procedure text

Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a
sequence of actions or steps.”

Generic structure:

⦁ Goal: provide information about the intent and purpose of the procedure and predict a
conclusion.

⦁ Materials: contains a list of materials or materials needed to carry out a procedure or

steps.

⦁ Steps: lists the order of instructions / activities to reach the destination in the correct
sequence of steps.

⦁ Result: The result of a series of steps that have been carried out.

which has been done.

Example:

Broccoli Salad Recipe

Ingredients:
1 teaspoon salt

5-6 cups fresh broccoli florets (about 1 pound of florets)

½ cup toasted slivered almonds

½ cup cooked, crumbled bacon

¼ cup of red onion, chopped

1 cup of Frozen Pras, thawed (or fresh peas if you dan get them)

1 cup mayonnaise

2 tablespoons apple cider vinegar

¼ cup honey

Methodist :

1. Bring a large pot of water, salted with a teaspoon of salt, to a boil. Add the
broccoli florets. Cook 1-2 minutes, depending on how crunchy you want the
broccoli. 1 minute Will turn the broccoli bright green, and leave it still pretty
crunchy. 2 minutes Will cook the broccoli through, but still firm. Set your time
and do not cook for more than 2 minutes, or the broccoli Will get mushy.
Drain the broccoli and immediately put into a bowl of ice water to stop the
cooking. Let cool and drain.
2. Combine broccoli florets, almonds, crumbled bacon, chopped onion and peas
ini a large serving bowl. In a separate bowl, whisk together mayonnaise, cider
vinegar and honey. Add dressing to the salad and toss to mix well. Chill
thoroughly before serving.
Server 4 to 6.

Descriptive text
Descriptive Text is a type of text that is widely used in everyday life in describing objects,
places, humans, animals and so on.

Genec structure

1. Identification

Identification is part of the Descriptive Text which contains the topic or "what" will be
described or described.
2. Description

Description is the last part of Descriptive Text which contains discussion or description of
the topic or "what" in Identification regarding physical appearance, quality, general
behavior and its characteristics.

My Beloved Mother

(Identification)

Every people certainly have a mother. It is because people are born from her. The existence
of her among us is definitely important. That is why I love her so much. I owe great debt to
what she has been do ing to me until right now. And here is my mother.

(Description)

My mother’s name is Khodijah. She was born 49 years ago. She is short, but not too short.
She is little fat. And she is old. She has got short white straight hair. She has got brown skin.
She is beautiful. Her hand is so soft, the hand that have taught me to be kind person.

She never stops to support me. She always tells me to not give up so easily.

She always gives me some fine solutions when I have some problems. The importance of her
is never denied. That is why I never reject her willing.

Example:

Great Zimbabwe

In 1871 Karl Mauch, a German, discovered a huge stonewalls on Zimbabwe, Africa. The Walls
covered 25 hectares around what ia now called 'Great Zimbabwe'. Great Zimbabwe is the most
impressive Iron Age site in Africa. On top of a hill, there is a large castle and underneath this is the
'Great Enclosure'. The Great Enclosure hasil enormous Walls -sometimes 11 metres high and 1.2
metres thick. Inside the Great Enclosure there are many huts, passages and rooms and a mysterious
9- metre-high stone tower that has no stairs, no windows and no doors. Why did they build the
tower? We don't know. We don’t even know who built Great Zimbabwe-it is a mystery to African
and foreign archeologists. They think the Great Enclosure was built about 1,000 years ago.
 News item text
Definition of news item text is a type of text that provides important and actual information
in the form of events and so on that are indeed worthy of reporting.

Generic structure

Newsworthy events:

Background Events: Educational bacground in indonesia past two years.

Source: Survey that goverment are held

Example:

Government Reduces Freeport's Output

Jakarta: Freeport-Mc-MoRan Copper & Gold Informatika., the world's second-largest Copper
producer, had Its maximum kredit production permit ini Indonesia cut 26 percent on
environmental concerns.

“The government only approves a Freeport ore output this year of 220,000 tons a day to
reduce the impact on the environment, “Witoro S. Soelarno, head of mine inspection at the
Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry, said.”The previous limit was 300,000 tons a day,” he
said.

Phoenix-based Freeport produced on average 229,000 tons of Copper and gold ore a day
from Its Grasberg mine in 2006.

Freeport's Copper ore output in the fourth quarter of 2007 dell to 926 million of recoverable
pounds from 1,044 million of recoverable pounds a year earlier, the company said on Its
web site. Gold output in the quarter dropped to 186,000 of recoverable ounces from
544,000 of recoverable ounces, it said. ---Bloomberg.

Report text

“A report text is a type of text that announce the result of an investigation or announce
something. The information given in a report text is very general information.”
“Social function of report text is to present information about something generally to the
reader.”

Generic Structure

General Classification

contains general statements about the subject discussed or discussed.

Description

is a part that gives a detailed description of the subject discussed in the general
classification section.

Contoh Report Text

Venice

General Classification :

Venice is a city in northern Italy. It is the capital of region Veneto. Together with Padua, the
city is included in the Padua-Venice Metropolitan Area. Venice has been known as the
“Queen of the Adriatic”, “City of Water”, “City of Bridges”, and “The City of Light”. The city
stretches across 117 small islands in the marshy Venetian Lagoon along the Adriatic Sea in
northeast Italy.

Description:

Venice is world-famous for its canals. It is built on an archipelago of 117 islands formed by
about 150 canals in a shallow lagoon. The islands on which the city is built are connected by
about 400 bridges. In the old center, the canals serve the function of roads, and every form
of transport is on water or on foot.

You can ride gondola there. It is the classical Venetian boat which nowadays is mostly used
for tourists, or for weddings, funerals, or other ceremonies. Now, most Venetians travel by
motorized waterbuses (“vaporetti”) which ply regular routes along the major canals and
between the citTEXT
islands. The city also has many private boats. The only gondolas still in common use by
Venetians are the traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain points
without bridges.

You can see the amusing city’s landmarks such as Piazza San Marco, Palazzo Contarini del
Bovolo, Saint Mark’s Cathedral or villas of the Veneto. The villas of the Veneto, rural
residences for nobles during the Republic, are one of the most interesting aspects of
Venetian countryside. They are surrounded by elegant gardens, suitable for fashionable
parties of high society. The city is also well known for its beautiful and romantic view,
especially at night.

Example:

A medical illustrator ia an artist who specializes in producing images which are related to the
medical field. These images may be used in instructional materials, informational handouts,
advertisements, research publications and a variety of other settings.
Employment prospects ini this field are quite excellent for people who are willing to pursue
certification, are there are limited numbers of fully qualified medical illustrators, and there is a
constant need for medical illustration.
Humans have been creating medical illustrations for thousands of year, as numerous works of art
and historic medical texts indicate. Illustrations were used to document specializes medical issues
as well as generic topics like anatomy so that people had a graphic representation of topics
discussed ini texts, and they were also historically utilized for document of unusual medical Cases.
Over time, the field of medicine has expanded radically, as have the potential applications for
medical illustration.
In order to become a medical illustrator, someone trains as an artist and also receives training in
the biological sciences. Human anatomy and physiology are typically part of a medical illustrator's
education, and he or she may choose to focus on a particular area of interest, such as nursing,
surgery, and so forth, to acquire additional skills. Many professional illustrators also belong to
professional organizations of medical illustrators, some of which offer certification and job referrals.
This type of work requires artistic skills, Along with any eye for detail and the ability to precisely
follow instructions. Medical illustrators may also need to be comfortable with working on settings
such as operating rooms and morgues.

Analytical Exposition Text

Analytical exposition text is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon
surrounding.
Social function is to persuade the reader that the idea is important matter, and to analyze the topic
that teh thesis/opinion is correct by developing an argument to support it.

Generic Structure :

Thesis ; introducing the topic and indicating the writer’s point of view.

Argument : explaining the argument to support the writer’s position.

Reiteration : restating the writer’s point of view / to strengthen the thesis.

Example:

Is Smoking Good for US?

Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50 thousands people die every
year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This is seven Times as many as die in road adcidents.
Nearly a quarter of smokers die because of diseases caused by Smoking.

Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by Smoking. If we smoke five cigarettes a day, we are six
Times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the
risk is nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis are people who are
Smoking. Smokers are two and half Times more likely to die of heart disease than non smokers.

Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis and pneumonia. In one hour in
smoky room, non smoker breathes as much as substance causing cancer as of he had smoked fifteen
cigarettes.

Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make much money from smoking
habit. Smoking however is not good for every body else.

Hortatory exposition

SOCIAL FUNCION IS TO EMUSE THAT SOMETHING SHOULD OR NOT SHOULD THE BE THE
CASE

General scructural

1. Thesis: What ideas or theories are being conveyed by the author

2. Arguments: After confirming a thesis, then need to be given several arguments or reasons
that support the penuis' thoughts.

3. Recommendation: This is the last phase that most distinguishes between types of text
exposition with one another, where the author needs to give a recommendation that should
or should not be done by the reader
Example :

.The Benefit of Writing

Thesis Statement:

Writing a short story in an online forum can be a beneficial activity for people who have a
lot of free time. It can help you to expand your knowledge, to get a new friend and also to
make a profitable investment. The following reasons will show you some benefit of this
activity.

Argumeendin

Firstly, in order to keep the quality of your writings, you need to read a lot of resources.
During the process, you will find so many new information that you may not know before
and you will also strengthen your memory of your existing knowledge. Therefore, we can
say that the more writings we produce the more knowledge we receive.

Argument 2:

Secondly, if you post your writings on an online forum for writers, another member of the
forum will be able to read your story. If they think that your story is interesting and they like
it, they will be able to leave comment on it. In addition, you can also follow the account of
other writer if you like their story. This feature will allow you to get to know each other
better and become friend.

Argument 3:

The last, the story that you post in an online forum will have a visitor counter on it. The total
of visitors on your story will show how popular your story is. If your story is popular, you will
have a chance to make money out of it, because nowadays there are so many book
publishers who are looking for popular stories from online forum. They are willing to print
your story into a novel and help you to sell it through their retailer network and share the
profit with you.

Recommendation:

Based on my explanation above, I strongly recommend you to try this activity if you have a
lot of free time at home because it will make you smarter and richer.
 Explanation text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific
and cultural phenomena”

Generic structure:

Generic Structure Explanation Text

General statement

about the general explanation of the phenomena to be discussed, can be in the form of
introduction to the phenomenon or explanation.

Squenced of explanation

contains an explanation of the process of why this phenomenon can occur or be created.

Closing

Actually closing is not listed in the generic structure of Explanation text, but most people
assume that the last paragraph of an Explanation text is closing, even though it is part of the
squenced of explantions which contains the final steps described in the sque section.

Example:

How Earthquakes Happen

Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily it often happens in
several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has shaken West Sumatra. It has brought
great damages. Why did it occur? Do you know how an earthquake happens?

Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This
sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves. It make the ground shake. When two
blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don’t just
slide smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving. After a while,
the rocks break because of all the pressure that’s built up. When the rocks break, the
earthquake occurs.
During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they
continue to move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks is
called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of
the earthquake.

Dicussion Text
Discussion is a kind of genre used to present (at least) two points of view about an issue.

Purpose of discussion text is to present arguments and information about a discourse from a
different perspective.

Generic Structure :

Statement of issue : stating the issue which is to discussed.

List of supporting points : presenting the point in supporting the presented issue.

List of contrastive point : presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point.

Recommendation : stating the writer’s recommendation of the discourse.

Example:

The Andvatages and Disanvatages of Nuclear Power

Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined ib various part of the
world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in
1956.

Some military ship and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power
produces around 11 % of the world’s energy needed, and produces huge amounts of energy. It cause
no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow
:

It costs about the same coal, so it is not

expansive to makes.

It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.

It produces small amount of waste.

It is realible.

One the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and buried for
many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is realiable, a lot of
money has be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident can be a major
accident.

People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990’s nuclear power was the fastest
growing source of power in many parts of the world

Review Text
Review text is an to evaluation of a publication, such as a movie, video game, musical composition,
book ; a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event of performance,
such as a live music concert, a play, musical theaters show or dance show.

Purpose of review text is to critic the events or art works for the reader or listener, such as movies,
shows, book, and others

Generic Structure :

Orientation : background information of the text.

Evaluations : concluding statement : judgement, opinion, or recommendation.

Interprentative recount : summary of an art works including character and plot.

Evaluative summation : the last opinion consisting the appraisal ot the punch line of the art works
being criticized.

Example:

Harry Potter : Order of the Phoenix

i absolutely love the harry potter series, and all of the boks will always hold a special place in my
heart. I have to say that of all the books, however, this one was not my favorite.

When the series began it was as much of a “feel good’ experience as a huge mug of hot cocoa. The
stories where bright, fast paced, intriguing, and ultimately satisfying. Order of the phoenix is a
different kind of a book, in some instances with works you feel a whole new level of intensity and
excitement by the time you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the book
just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the others book has slowed to a trot
here, and parts of it do seem long, as if we’re reading all about harry “just hanging out” instead of
having his usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house, for example-
housekeeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and i’m niot very interested in doing it or reading
about other people doing it. A few other changes in this book-the “real” world comes much more in
to play rather than the fantasy universe of the previou books, and Harry har apparently been taken
off his meds, i know that he had a lot to be grumpy in this book, especially with being a teenager and
all, but the sudden change in his characters seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warm-hearted,
considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend’s heads off over nothing. It just seemed
like it didn’t fit with his character, like turned into a walking cliche of the “angry teen” overnight. The
“real” story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this part i loved. I actually liked the
ending (and yes, i cried!) as sad as it was. It packet a punch and it made me care about the story
even more. Still a really good book, with some editing it would have been great.