PND Engineering Science

Revision Questions 1.

1) a) Complete the following table.

Mass Atomic Number of Number of Number of

Number Number of electrons protons neutrons
element
Sodium atom 23 11
Calcium ion 40 18
Chloride ion 17 20

b) How many electrons, protons and neutrons are present in the hydrogen ion, H +?
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2) a) Draw an ‘electron-transfer’ diagram to show the bonding in calcium fluoride (CaF 2).
Include all the electrons in your diagram.

b) From (a), state the type of bonding present and define the bonding.
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3) The diagram below shows steam passing through a jug to warm up some cold water. In this
question, you may ignore any heating of the atmosphere.

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 PND Engineering Science

Pure steam enters at 100⁰C and the jug initially contains 700 g of water at 25⁰C. Eventually,
the water in the jug reaches a temperature of 100⁰C. The specific heat capacity of water is
4.20 x 103 Jkg-1⁰C-1 and the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.26 x 10 6 Jkg-1.

a) Explain why the mass of water in the jug increases?

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b) Calculate the energy needed to warm the 700g of water from 25⁰C to 100⁰C.

c) Calculate the final mass of water in the jug when its temperature has reached 100⁰C.

4) The graph below shows the cooling curve of naphthalene.

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 PND Engineering Science

a) What are the phases present between point B and point C?

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b) Explain why there is a decrease in temperature between point C and point D?

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c) From the graph above, state the freezing point of naphthalene.

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