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Monograph on Sense Organs and their Functions for Grade III Learners
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Title Page
Glossary 39
References 41
We learn from the things around us. We learn from what we see,
organs. We have five sense organs. Each of them has parts and
This monograph will help you understand the sense organs. This
will illustrate how important our sense organs to our daily lives. It will
discuss how they work and the ailments that may affect them.
i
LESSON Ears: The Sense Organs for Hearing
1
In this lesson, you will:
You hear sounds of different kinds. There are sounds of people talking,
birds chirping, or dogs barking. You enjoy listening to music on the radio.
You use your ears to hear. Circle the things below that make sound.
1
Let’s Study This
EARS
The ears are the sense organs for
hearing. You hear sounds of different
kinds through your ears.
The ear is divided into three main parts, namely: the outer ear, the
middle ear and the inner ear.
Cochlea
Anvil
Hammer
Stirrup
Auditory Nerve
Figure 1.2 Parts of the Ear
Your outer ear has the pinna and ear canal. Your middle ear has the
eardrum and the three little bones such as hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Your inner ear has the cochlea and the auditory nerve.
2
Table 1. Parts and functions of the Ear
PARTS FUNCTIONS
Outer Ear
It collects sound waves from the
Pinna
surrounding.
Ear Canal It serves as the pathway for sound waves.
Middle Ear
Sound waves first pass through your outer ear. Then, to the middle
ear causes the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations pass through the three
tiny bones of the middle ear. The vibration causes the cochlea to move.
As it moves, the auditory nerve sends signals to your brain. Your brain then
tells you what the sound is.
3
Pinna
Anvil
Hammer
Sound Waves
Stirrups
4
2. Otitis media is a painful swelling of
the middle ear that causes dizziness
and temporary hearing loss.
5
Healthful habits to protect the ears:
6
4. Be careful not to hit your head. This
may damage the delicate part of
your ears.
The parts of the ear are the outer ear or pinna, ear canal,
nerve.
these ailments.
7
Create your
own
assessment
activities.
LESSON
Eyes: The Sense Organ for Seeing
2
In this lesson, you will:
You see the different things around you. You can tell the
different colors of flowers. You can enjoy watching TV. You can see
your friends. You can read picture books. What else can your eyes
do for you?
Do the following:
8
Let’s Study This
EYES
The eye is the sense organ for seeing.
Your eyes cannot see when they are closed.
You cannot see well when we are in a very
dark place. The eyes need light so they can
see.
You have two eyes. Each eye is called an eyeball. Your eyes
have two parts. They are the outer and the inner parts.
The outer part of the eyes has the eyebrow, eyelashes and
eyelids. The inner part has the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina and
optic nerve.
9
Table 2. Parts and functions of the Eyes
PARTS FUNCTION
Outer Parts
Retina
Gets the light images from the lens
Optic Nerve
Carry messages to the brain
10
When you look at an object - like flower - the light from the sun
carries the images of the objects. It enters into the cornea and pupil
which passes through the lens of the eye.
The lens focuses the image on the retina and an upside down
image of the flower is formed. As the image is formed, the optic nerves
send the message to your brain. In the brain, the image is no longer
upside down. The brain tells you that what you see is a flower.
11
Common ailments of the eyes:
12
4. Night blindness is the inability to
see well at night caused by lack
of vitamin A.
13
7. Strabismus is a condition of having
abnormal alignment of the eyes.
14
3. Wear sunglasses/eyeglasses
to protect the eyes against
direct sun exposure.
15
An eye is the sense organ for seeing.
The eye is divided into two parts, the outer and inner
parts.
Inner part has the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina and
optic nerve.
16
Create your
own
assessment
activities.
LESSON
Nose: The Sense Organ for Smelling
3
In this lesson, you will:
Material Needed:
Hand mirror
Procedure:
17
Let’s Study This
NOSE
Figure 3.1
When you smell, you inhale the air through your nostrils. Inside the
nose are fine hairs called cilia. Cilia protect the nose from dust and dirt
that may enter it. Inside the walls of the nose are nerve cells which are
connected to the brain. These nerve cells are called olfactory nerve.
18
Table 3. Parts and functions of the Nose
PARTS FUNCTION
When you smell something, the smell enters your nostrils when
you breathe in or inhale. Then it touches the olfactory nerves. The
olfactory nerves send the message to the brain. Then the brain tells
you what you smell.
19
Figure 3.3 How the Nose works?
20
3. Common cold is the excessive flow of
mucus in the nose and may cause chills.
21
2. Clean your nostrils only with soft,
moist, clean cloth or tissue to
prevent spread of germs.
22
5. Protect your nose from dust and
dirt. Cover it with clean cloth
especially when the wind blows hard.
23
Create your
own
assessment
activities.
-LESSON
Skin: The Sense Organs for Touching
4
In this lesson, you will:
Every day, you do different activities and touch different things. Have
you ever wondered how you feel objects? Are they hot or cold? Rough or
smooth? Soft or hard?
Which of the following objects are soft and hard? Encircle the objects
that are soft and box the hard objects.
24
Let’s Study This
SKIN
The skin is the sense organ for
touching and feeling. It is the largest
sense organ of the body.
The human skin has three layers. They are the epidermis, dermis and
fat layer. The epidermis has the outer, protective layer and pores. The
dermis is the inner layer which has the hair roots, sweat and oil glands,
nerves, and blood vessels. The fat layer attaches the skin to internal
organs.
25
Table 4. Parts and functions of the Skin
PARTS FUNCTIONS
The skin has thousands of different nerve cells. Some nerve cells are
close together, some are far apart. The parts of your skin where the nerve
cells are close together are more sensitive. The nerve cells help you fell
anything that touches your skin. When something touches your skin, the
nerve cells quickly send the message to the brain. The brain then tells you
what you are feeling.
26
Figure 4.3 How the skin works?
27
2. Rashes are red and itchy patches on
the skin.
28
Healthful habits to protect the skin:
29
4. Drink plenty of water to avoid
dehydration.
30
The skin is the sense organ for touching and feeling.
athlete’s foot.
31
Create your
own
assessment
activities.
LESSON
Tongue: The Sense Organ for Tasting
5
In this lesson, you will:
The tongue is the sense organ for tasting. You can tell that
something tastes sweet, salty, sour or bitter through your tongue.
With your tongue you are able to speak.
Materials:
Hand mirror
Procedure:
32
Let’s Study This
TONGUE
Figure5.1 Tongue
The surface of your tongue is covered with taste buds. These taste
buds have nerve cells which are connected to the brain that help you
tell one taste from another.
33
DID YOU KNOW THAT?
The tongue has four taste areas and these are the following:
34
Common Ailments of the Tongue:
35
4. Canker sore is an ulcer on the lips or
inside the mouth.
36
3. Chew your food slowly to avoid
biting your tongue.
37
The tongue is the sense organ for tasting.
The tongue has four taste areas; these are the sweet,
The brain tells you the taste of the food you eat.
sore,
38
Create your
own
assessment
activities.
Glossary
A
Auditory nerve a nerve that conveys impulses relating to hearing and
balance from the inner ear to the brain
C
Cilia fine hairs that protect the nose from dust and dirt that may enter it
Cochlea the part of the inner ear that contains the nerve cells that carries
information about sound to the brain
E
Ear is the sense organ for hearing
Eardrum a thin, tightly stretched piece of tissue in the ear that vibrates
when sound waves hit it
Eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and too much light
F
Fat layer it contains the fat cells
I
Iris controls the amount of light that enters the eyes
39
L
Lens focus light into the retina to enable us to see near or far objects
N
Nasal cavity an open spaces the form the inner nose
O
Olfactory bulb is an area where the olfactory nerves extend
Olfactory nerves are nerve cells which send the message to the brain
Optic Nerve is nerve fibers that transmit visual light signals from the eye to
the brain
P
Pupil a hole that allows light to enter the eyes
R
Retina gets the light images from the lens
S
Skin is the sense organ for touching and feeling
Sinus is a cavity within a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones
of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities
T
Taste buds contain nerve cells which are connected to the brain that help
you tell one taste from another
40
References
Informations
Antonio, Eleanor D., Balagtas, Marilyn U. and et. al. Growing with Science and Health. Rex
Book Store, Inc. 2011. pp. 2-39.
Gutierrez, Danilo. The Science Connection 3. Diwa Learning System Inc. 2000.
Gekas, Alexandra (2011, August). 9 Things You Didn't Know About Your Ears. Retrieved
from http://www.womansday.com/health-fitness/a5829/9-things-you-didnt-
know-about-your-ears-123516/. Date Retrieved: 2015.
Stubbart, Pamela J.(2013). Everything Is Dangerous: Cleaning Your Ears Edition. Retrieved
from http://www.blisstree.com/2013/05/03/public-health-2/everything-is-
dangerous-cleaning-your-ears-edition/. Date Retrieved: 2015.
Quintana, Jonabel R., Sing, Lourdes B., et. al. Elementary Science Explorer. JPC Publishing
House, Inc. 2008.
Pictures/ Illustrations
http://00.edu-cdn.com/worksheet-image/404134/tongue-life-science-second-
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9a6f75849b_1427111578.jpg
http://johnstonhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Fruits-and
Vegetables.jpeg
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improve-vision.jpg
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improve-vision.jpg
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footage-boy-throat-check-up-hd-boy-four-years-old-of-hispanic-origin-being-
checked-by-a-female-doctor1.jpg
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toddler-boy-600.jpeg?1386551408
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web.jpg?sfvrsn=2
Science 3 DLP 1- Sense organs and their Functions.pdf
Science 3 DLP 4- Parts of Ears and their Functions.pdf
Science 3 DLP 5- Parts of Eyes and their Functions.pdf
Science 3 DLP 6- Parts of Nose and Tongue and their Functions.pdf
Science 3 DLP 7- Parts of Skin and their Functions.pdf
Science TG Q1_grade 3.pdf
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